MERCADOS, REGIONES Y CALIDAD PERIODÍSTICA: evaluación del desempeño de medios impresos y digitales en México durante un proceso electoral

ECHEVERRIA, MARTIN; LARROSA-FUENTES, JUAN S.

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Brasil

Brazilian Journalism Research

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Brasil

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DOSSIER • Braz. Journal. Res. 20 (1) • Abr 2024 • https://doi.org/10.25200/BJR.v20n1.2024.1629 copiar

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MERCADOS, REGIONES Y CALIDAD PERIODÍSTICA: evaluación del desempeño de medios impresos y digitales en México durante un proceso electoral

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

La preocupación por el deficiente desempeño de la prensa en México ha sido un tema recurrente en la literatura, pero se ha centrado principalmente en los medios impresos de la Ciudad de México. Así, este estudio presenta un análisis comparativo del desempeño de los medios impresos y digitales, en diversas regiones y formatos, considerando sesgo partidista y deliberación mediada. Se examinaron 281 noticias de las elecciones federales de 2021 de 117 periódicos en 28 estados. Los resultados indican un mejor desempeño en mercados más grandes y una calidad de información más homogénea en medios impresos que digitales. Se sugiere la posibilidad de relaciones clientelares en medios digitales de mercados más pequeños, con una mayor vulnerabilidad económica.

Key words
Prensa digital; Prensa tradicional; Desempeño de medios; Prensa regional; Clientelismo

Quintile of press markets
Actor type	1						2					3				4					5
	Printed		Digital		Printed			Digital		Printed			Digital		Printed			Digital		Printed			Digital
	N	%	N	%	N	%		N	%	N	%		N	%	N		%	N	%	N		%	N	%
Candidate	1	25%	5	26%	7	58%		22	81%	7	44%		27	68%	6		29%	37	82%	14		36%	41	77%
Party representative or member	0	0%	1	5%	0	0%		1	4%	1	6%		5	13%	1		5%	3	7%	3		8%	7	13%
Senators or deputies	0	0%	1	5%	1	8%		1	4%	0	0%		2	5%	2		10%	0	0%	0		0%	0	0%
electoral authority	1	25%	6	32%	1	8%		0	0%	4	25%		3	8%	5		24%	1	2%	6		15%	1	2%
Presidency of the Republic	1	25%	0	0%	2	17%		0	0%	1	6%		1	3%	2		10%	0	0%	4		10%	1	2%
Government cabinet member	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%		2	7%	0	0%		0	0%	1		5%	1	2%	4		10%	0	0%
local authority	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	2	13%		0	0%	1		5%	0	0%	1		3%	1	2%
Journalists, communicators	0	0%	3	16%	0	0%		0	0%	0	0%		1	3%	0		0%	1	2%	0		0%	0	0%
Religious leaders	0	0%	1	5%	1	8%		1	4%	0	0%		0	0%	0		0%	0	0%	2		5%	0	0%
Businessmen, bankers, investors	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	1	6%		0	0%	0		0%	0	0%	1		3%	0	0%
Academics, specialists, intellectuals	1	25%	0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	0	0%		1	3%	2		10%	0	0%	0		0%	1	2%
Others (less than 5%)	0	0	2	11%	0	0%		0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	1		5%	2	4%	4		10%	1	2%

Quintile of press markets
Political membership⁶ 6 The Mexican party system is made up of a dominant and relatively newly emerging party, MORENA, which occupies the Executive power and has majorities in the chamber of deputies and senators, as well as the three traditional parties of the democratic transition: the Institutional Revolutionary Party, PRI (center left), the National Action Party, PAN (right) and the Party of the Democratic Revolution, PRD (left). These have competed since 2021 under an opposition coalition called Va X México. Such parties coexist with other minority and niche parties, such as the Green Party, the Labor Party (communist left), the Citizen Movement (social democrat), the Social Encounter Party (evangelical right) and Progressive Social Networks (left).	1						2					3				4					5
	Printed		Digital		Printed			Digital		Printed			Digital		Printed			Digital		Printed			Digital
	N	%	N	%	N	%		N	%	N	%		N	%	N		%	N	%	N		%	N	%
Candidate	1	25%	5	26%	7	58%		22	81%	7	44%		27	68%	6		29%	37	82%	14		36%	41	77%
Va x Mexico (PRI, PAN, PRD)	0	0%	1	5%	0	0%		1	4%	1	6%		5	13%	1		5%	3	7%	3		8%	7	13%
Citizen movement	0	0%	1	5%	1	8%		1	4%	0	0%		2	5%	2		10%	0	0%	0		0%	0	0%
PRI	0	25%	6	32%	1	8%		0	0%	4	25%		3	8%	5		24%	1	2%	6		15%	1	2%
PAN	0	25%	0	0%	2	17%		0	0%	1	6%		1	3%	2		10%	0	0%	4		10%	1	2%
MORENA	1	0%	0	0%	0	0%		2	7%	0	0%		0	0%	1		5%	1	2%	4		10%	0	0%
P.T.	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	2	13%		0	0%	1		5%	0	0%	1		3%	1	2%
Green party	1	0%	3	16%	0	0%		0	0%	0	0%		1	3%	0		0%	1	2%	0		0%	0	0%
Fuerza x Mexico	0	0%	1	5%	1	8%		1	4%	0	0%		0	0%	0		0%	0	0%	2		5%	0	0%
Progressive Social Networks	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	1	6%		0	0%	0		0%	0	0%	1		3%	0	0%
PES	0	25%	0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	0	0%		1	3%	2		10%	0	0%	0		0%	1	2%
Others (equal or less than 5%)	0	0	2	11%	0	0%		0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	1		5%	2	4%	4		10%	1	2%

Quintiles of press markets	1				2				3				4				5
	Printed		Digital		Printed		Digital		Printed		Digital		Printed		Digital		Printed		Digital
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Proposal delivery
Yes	0	0%	2	11%	2	15%	4	15%	1	6%	5	13%	3	13%	10	23%	3	8%	4	8%
No	5	100%	14	74%	6	46%	5	19%	7	44%	16	40%	11	46%	7	16%	21	54%	13	25%
Does not apply	0	0%	3	16%	5	38%	18	67%	8	15%	19	48%	10	42%	27	61%	15	38%	35	67%
Civility
Yes	0	0%	4	21%	1	8%	0	0%	2	13%	0	0%	0	0%	1	2%	4	10%	1	2%
No	5	100%	15	79%	12	92%	27	100%	14	88%	40	100%	24	100%	44	98%	35	90%	52	98%
Dialogism
Yes	1	20%	6	32%	0	0%	0	0%	3	19%	3	8%	1	4%	3	7%	0	0%	3	6%
No	4	80%	13	68%	13	100%	27	100%	13	81%	37	93%	23	96%	42	93%	39	100%	50	94%
Reason-giving
Yes	1	20%	13	68%	5	38%	13	48%	5	31%	23	58%	5	21%	18	40%	12	31%	20	38%
No	3	60%	6	32%	6	46%	12	44%	10	63%	16	40%	15	63%	24	53%	24	62%	28	53%
No source or position	1	20%	0	0%	2	15%	2	7%	1	6%	1	3%	4	17%	3	7%	3	8%	5	9%
Frames
Issue	1	20%	4	21%	6	46%	12	44%	3	19%	20	50%	3	13%	23	51%	9	23%	20	38%
Strategic	2	40%	5	26%	3	23%	8	30%	9	56%	15	38%	11	46%	15	33%	11	28%	22	42%
Does not apply	2	40%	10	53%	4	31%	7	26%	4	25%	5	13%	10	42%	7	16%	19	49%	11	21%
Valence
Positive	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	2	7%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	1	2%
Not positive	3	60%	12	63%	10	77%	21	78%	11	69%	37	93%	12	50%	42	93%	25	64%	50	94%
Does not apply	2	40%	7	37%	3	23%	4	15%	5	31%	3	8%	12	50%	3	7%	14	36%	2	4%
Negative	1	20%	3	16%	3	23%	1	4%	4	25%	7	18%	4	17%	6	13%	8	21%	9	17%
Not negative	1	20%	6	32%	7	54%	22	81%	2	13%	26	65%	9	38%	3. 4	76%	14	36%	40	75%
Does not apply	3	60%	10	53%	3	23%	4	15%	10	63%	7	18%	11	46%	5	11%	17	44%	4	8%
Topics	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Economy	0	0%	0	0%	1	8%	1	4%	0	0%	1	3%	1	4%	2	5%	0	0%	0	0%
Public security	2	40%	1	5%	2	15%	1	4%	0	0%	2	5%	3	13%	0	0%	5	13%	0	0%
Citizen participation	0	0%	3	16%	0	0%	0	0%	1	6%	0	0%	1	4%	1	2%	3	8%	0	0%
Public administration	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	4	10%	0	0%	3	7%	1	3%	0	0%
Religion	0	0%	1	5%	1	8%	1	4%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	1	3%	0	0%
Media	0	0%	0	0%	1	8%	0	0%	0	0%	1	3%	1	4%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%
Partisan politics	2	40%	7	37%	2	15%	0	0%	5	31%	6	15%	5	21%	2	5%	11	28%	5	10%
Corruption	1	20%	1	5%	0	0%	1	4%	1	6%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%
Gender	0	0%	2	11%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	3	8%	0	0%	3	7%	0	0%	3	6%
Electoral campaign and debate	0	0%	3	16%	5	38%	18	67%	8	50%	19	48%	10	42%	26	59%	16	41%	35	67%
AMLO government	0	0%	0	0%	1	8%	1	4%	1	6%	1	3%	1	4%	1	2%	0	0%	6	12%
Others (equal or less than 5%)	0	0%	1	5%	0	0%	4	15%	0	0%	3	8%	2	8%	6	14%	2	5%	3	6%

Associação Brasileira de Pesquisadores em Jornalismo (SBPJor) Secretaria da SBPJor, Faculdade de Comunicação, Universidade de Brasília(UnB)., ICC Norte, Subsolo, Sala ASS 633 - cep: 70910-900, Brasília - DF / Brasil - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: sbpjor.dir.adm@gmail.com

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[1] TRANSLATED BY: NICHOLAS JAMES BARRETT