Brahm et al.88 Brahm MMT, Manfro RC, Mello D, Cioato S, Gonçalves LFS. Evaluation of adherence to immunosuppressive drugs in kidney transplantation by control of medication dispensing. Transplant Proc. 2012;44(8):2391-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.08.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2...
/ Brazil |
To present the preliminary results of a prevalence study and determine the risk factors for nonadherence |
Cross-sectional |
288 |
Mean 48.6 (11.6) |
Men (61.5%) |
Mean 7.41 (5.66) years |
Brito et al.99 Brito DCS, Marsicano EO, Grincenkov FRS, Colugnati FAB, Lucchetti G, Sanders-Pinheiro H. Stress, coping and adherence to immunosuppressive medications in kidney transplantation: A comparative study. Sao Paulo Med J. 2016;134(4):292-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2015.01071008 https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2015.0...
/ Brazil |
To compare the coping strategies and stress in adherent and nonadherent renal transplant patients receiving immunosuppression |
Comparative, Cross-sectional and Observational |
50 |
Mean 44.1 (12.8) |
Men (62%) |
Mean 71.8 (12-230) months |
Burkhalter et al.1010 Burkhalter H, Justice AW, Cajochen C, Weaver TE, Steiger J, Fehr T, Venzin RM, Geest S. Daytime sleepiness in renal transplant recipients is associated with immunosuppressive non-adherence: A cross-sectional, multi-center study. Clin Transplant. 2004;28(1):58-66. https://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.12279 https://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.12279...
/ Switzerland |
To determine the prevalence of nonadherence in kidney transplant patients and to determine the degree of association of depressive symptoms and daytime sleepiness on nonadherence |
Cross-sectional |
926 |
Median 59.7 (IQ 25-75: 50.26 – 67.77) |
Men (63%) |
Median 9.42 (IQ 4.93 – 15.85) |
Burns et al.1111 Chisholm-Burns MA, Pinsky B, Parker G, Johnson P, Arcona S, Buzinec P et al. Factors related to immunosuppressant medication adherence in renal transplant recipients. Clin Transplant. 2012;26(5):706-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0012.2011.01589.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0012.2011...
/ USA |
To examine the factors that influence nonadherence in kidney transplant patients |
Cross-sectional |
512 |
Mean 52.37 (10.74) |
Men (60.3%) |
Mean 109 (89.2) months |
Burns et al.1212 Chisholm-Burns MA, Spivey CA, Wilks SE. Social support and immunosuppressant therapy adherence among adult renal transplant recipients. Clin Transplant. 2010;24(3):312-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.01060.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009...
/ USA |
To examine the relationship between adherence to immunosuppressants and social support |
Cross-sectional |
70 |
Mean 51.6 (12.5) |
Men (58.6%) |
Mean 8.03 (5.96) years |
Burns et al.1313 Chisholm-Burns MA, Lance CE, Mulloy LL. Patient factors associated with adherence to immunosuppressant therapy in renal transplant recipients. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2005;62(1):1775-81. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp040541 https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp040541...
/ USA |
To determine the prevalence of nonadherence in kidney transplant patients and assess the relationship with various factors |
Cross-sectional |
61 |
Mean 48.85 (11.44) |
Men (47.5%) |
Mean 87.34 (56.2) months |
Burns et al.1414 Chisholm-Burns MA, Kwong WJ, Mulloy LL, Spivey CA. Associations of characteristics of renal transplant recipients with clinicians' perceptions of adherence to immunosuppressant therapy. Transplant. 2007;84(9):1145-50. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000287189.33074.c8 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000287189...
/ USA |
Use a national database of kidney transplant patients to assess the impact of adherence on health outcomes |
Retrospective cohort |
137 |
Mean 52.52 (14.02) |
Men (64%) |
ND |
Constantiner; Cukor15 / USA |
To investigate the barriers of immunosuppressive adherence in transplant patients |
Cross-sectional |
94 |
Mean 44.1 (12.1) |
Men (60%) |
Mean 42.0 (57.8) months |
Cossart et al.1616 Cossart AR, Staatz CE, Campbell SB, Isbel NM, Cottrell WN. Investigating barriers to immunosuppressant medication adherence in renal transplant patients. Nephrology. 2019;24(1):102-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.13214 https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.13214...
/ Australia |
To investigate the prevalence and reasons for nonadherence to immunosuppressants in a group of kidney transplant patients |
Cohort |
161 |
Mean age of adherents: 58.8 (± 12.6) Nonadherents: 53.5 (± 13.2) |
Men (62.1%) |
Adherents: 9.8 (8.3) years Nonadherents > 10.2 (7.9) years |
Costa- Requena et al.1717 Costa-Requena G, Cantarell MC, Moreso F, Parramon G, Seron D. Adherencia al tratamiento tras trasplante renal como indicador de calidad de la información recibida: Estudio longitudinal con un seguimiento de 2 años. Rev Calid Asist. 2016;32(1):33-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cali.2016.05.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cali.2016.05.0...
/ Spain |
To evaluate the percentages of adherence to immunosuppressive treatment in kidney transplant recipients for two years |
Retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive |
57 |
Mean 55.0 (13.3) |
Men (71.1%) |
Average 28.1 (20.4) months |
Couzi et al.1818 Couzi L, Moulin B, Morin MP, Albano L, Godin M, Barrou B, Alamartine B, Morelon B, Girardot- Seguin S, Mendes L, Misdrahi D, Cassuto E, Merville P. Factors predictive of medication nonadherence after renal transplantation: A French observational study. Transplant. 2013;95(2):326-32. https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e318271d7c1 https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e318271d...
/ France |
To evaluate the frequency and factors associated with nonadherence |
Cohort |
312 |
Mean 49.5 (13.2) |
Men (68.3%) |
ND |
Cukor et al.1919 Cukor D, Newville H, Jindal RM. Depression and immunosuppressive medication adherence in kidney transplant patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2008;30(4):386-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2007.12.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2...
/ USA |
To identify nonadherence to immunosuppressants in kidney transplant patients suffering from depression |
Cross-sectional |
99 |
Mean 44.0 (12.0) |
Men (59%) |
Average 42 (12-312) months |
Demian et al.20/ Canada |
To examine the relationship between literacy and health and the relationship with medication adherence |
Cross-sectional observational |
96 |
Mean 52.77 (12.56) |
Men (56.2%) |
Average 8.81 (7.00) years |
Ganjali et al.2121 Ganjali R, Sabbagh MG, Nazemiyan F, Mamdouhi F, Aval SB, Taherzadeh Z et al. Factors associated with adherence to immunosuppressive therapy and barriers in Asian kidney transplant recipients. Immunotargets Ther. 2019;8(1):53-62. https://doi.org/10.2147/ITT.S212760 https://doi.org/10.2147/ITT.S212760...
/ Iran |
To estimate the prevalence of nonadherence and associated factors |
Cross-sectional observational |
244 |
Average 39.6 (12.0) |
Men (56.6%) |
ND |
Goldfarb-Rumyantzev et al.2222 Goldfarb-Rumyantzev AS, Wright S, Ragasa R, Ostler D, Orden JV, Smith L et al. Factors associated with nonadherence to medication in kidney transplant recipients. Nephron Clin Pract. 2011;117(1):c33-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000319645 https://doi.org/10.1159/000319645...
/ USA |
To identify the factors associated with low adherence to immunosuppressive medications |
Cross-sectional |
199 |
Mean 43.0 8 14.2 |
Men (67%) |
ND |
Gremigni et al.23 / Italy |
To assess the impact of the patient’s way of coping on medication use |
Cross-sectional |
34 |
Mean 49 (12) |
Men (61.7%) |
Mean 5.5 (4.0) years |
Griva et al.2424 Griva K, Neo HLM, Vathsala A. Unintentional and intentional non-adherence to immunosuppressive medications in renal transplant recipients. Int J Clin Pharm. 2018;40:1234-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-018-0652-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-018-0652-...
/ Singapore |
To compare and determine the factors associated with intentional and unintentional nonadherence |
Cross-sectional |
152 |
Mean 49.45 (11.44) |
Men (50.7%) |
ND |
Kobayashi et al.2525 Kobayashi S, Tsutsui J, Okabe S, Hideki I, Akaho R, Nishimura K. Medication nonadherence after kidney transplantation: An internet-based survey in Japan. Psychol Health Med. 2019;25(1):91-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2019.1622745 https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2019.16...
/ Japan |
To determine the prevalence and factors associated with nonadherence in transplant patients in Japan |
Cross-sectional |
219 |
Mean 48.3 (9.5) ranging from 29 to 74 |
Men (57.5%) |
Average 79.1 (79.2) months |
Kung et al.2626 Kung PC, Yeh MC, Lai MK, Liu HE. Renal transplant recipients: The factors related to immunosuppressive medication adherence based on the health belief model. J Nurs Res. 25(5):392-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNR.0000000000000181 https://doi.org/10.1097/JNR.000000000000...
/ Taiwan |
Understanding the influence of personal factors and beliefs about the health situation on treatment adherence |
Cross-sectional |
122 |
Mean 51.73 (1.76) |
Men (57.4%) |
Mean 6.78 (4.41) years |
Lali? et al.2727 Lali? J, Veli?kovi?-Radovanovi? R, Miti? B, Paunovi? G, Cvetkovi? T. Immunosuppressive medication adherence in kidney transplant patients. Med Princ Pract. 2014;23(4):351-6. https://doi.org/10.1159/000362792 https://doi.org/10.1159/000362792...
/ Serbia |
To determine the degree of adherence to immunosuppressants in kidney transplant patients |
Cross-sectional |
60 |
Mean 44.45 (11.37) ranging from 21–69 |
Men (63.3%) |
Mean 5.34 (3.84) years (ranging from 1-17). |
Lee et al.2828 Lee SY, Chu SH, Huh KH. Low adherence to immunosuppressants is associated with symptom experience among kidney transplant recipients. Transplant Proc. 2015;47(9):2707-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.09.056 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2...
/ South Korea |
To investigate the relationship between immunosuppressant experience and medication adherence in kidney transplant patients |
Cross-sectional |
239 |
Mean 46.8 (10.8) |
Men (59.4%) |
< 1 year (19.2) 1-3 years (23.4) 3-5 years (16.7) 5-10 years (17.6) > 10 years (23.0) |
Liu et al.2929 Liu J, Liu S, Yan J, Yi Q, Huang H. Adherence to immunosuppressive medication in renal transplant recipients from follow-up outpatient in China: Association of 2 different measurement methods. Clin Ther. 2015;37(11):2572-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.09.014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2015...
/ China |
To assess medication adherence and associated factors in kidney transplant patients |
Cross-sectional |
209 |
Mean 41.7 (10.3) |
Men (63.2%) |
3 to 6 months (23.4) 6 months to 1 year (24.9) 1 to 5 years (30.1) 5 to 10 years (13.4) > 10 years (8.1) |
Marsicano et al.3030 Marsicano EO, Fernandes NS, Colugnati FAB, Fernandes NMS, Geest S, Sanders-Pinheiro H. Multilevel correlates of non-adherence in kidney transplant patients benefitting from full cost coverage for immunosuppressives: A cross-sectional study. PLOS One. 2015;10(11):e0138869. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138869 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.013...
/ Brazil |
To analyze the factors associated with nonadherence in kidney transplant patients |
Cross-sectional |
100 |
Mean 45.0 (13.5) |
Men (65%) |
Mean 72.3 (44.4) months |
Pabst et al.3131 Pabst S, Bertram A, Zimmermann T, Schiffer M, Zwaan M. Physician reported adherence to immunosuppressants in renal transplant patients: Prevalence, agreement, and correlates. J Psychosom Res. 2015;79(5):364-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.09.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.201...
/ Germany |
To determine the prevalence of nonadherence and associated factors in kidney transplant recipients |
Cross-sectional |
238 |
Mean 53.15 years (18–78 years) |
Men (65%) |
Mean 7.2 (1–33) years |
Pinskya et al.3232 Pinsky BW, Takemoto SK, Lentine KL, Burroughs TE, Schnitzler MA, Salvalaggio PR. Transplant outcomes and economic costs associated with patient noncompliance to immunosuppression. Am J Transplant. 2009;9(11):2597-606. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02798.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009...
/ USA |
To identify the characteristics and other clinical factors associated with adherence in kidney transplant patients |
Retrospective cohort |
15,525 |
0-18 years: 1.6% 19-24 years: 4.5% 24-44 years: 39.5% 45-60 years: 34.7% + 61 years: 19.7% |
Men (59.7%) |
ND |
Rocha et al.3333 Rocha DF, Canabarro ST, Figueiredo AE, Sudbrack AW. Avaliação da adesão à terapia imunossupressora por autorrelato de pacientes submetidos ao transplante renal. Sci Med. 2017;27(4):ID28181. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2017.4.28181 https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2017....
/ Brazil |
To evaluate the characteristics and risk factors related to adherence to immunosuppressive treatment in kidney transplant patients through the self-report method using the instrument Basel Assessment of Adherence Scale for Immunosuppressives (BAASIS). |
Prospective cohort |
59 |
Mean 45.8 (13.1) (Median 47.0) years |
Men (57.6%) |
Mean 207.1 (90.5) Median (191.0) months |
Russell et al.3434 Russell CL, Ashbaugh C, Peace L, Cetingok M, Hamburger KQ, Owens S et al. Time-in-a-bottle (TIAB): A longitudinal, correlational study of patterns, potential predictors, and outcomes of immunosuppressive medication adherence in adult kidney transplant recipients. Clin Transplant. 2013;27(5):80-90. https://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.12203 https://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.12203...
/ USA |
To identify the potential predictors and outcomes of medication adherence to immunosuppressive agents in kidney transplant patients |
Longitudinal, descriptive, correlational study |
121 |
Mean 51.1 (12.4); ranging from 22–75 years. |
Men (63%) |
Average 4.7 years (5.6; ranging from 0.1–20.1). |
Schmid-Mohler et al.3535 Schmid-Mohler G, Thut MP, Wüthrich RP, Denhaerynck K, Geest S. Non-adherence to immunosuppressive medication in renal transplant recipients within the scope of the integrative model of behavioral prediction: A cross-sectional study. Clin Transplant. 2010;24(2):213-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.01056.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009...
/ Switzerland |
To investigate the prevalence of nonadherence to immunosuppressants |
Cross-sectional |
114 |
Mean 53.6 (11.9) years |
Men (64.9%) |
Median 2.6 years (IQ 25-75%: 1.7-3.8) |
Silva et al.55 Silva ACS, Martins BCC, Adriano LS, Fonteles MMF, Reis PHV, Chaves EF. Complexidade da farmacoterapia pós- transplante renal: Influência na adesão ao tratamento. Rev Eletr Far. 2017;14(3)53-63. https://doi.org/10.5216/ref.v14i3.44894 https://doi.org/10.5216/ref.v14i3.44894...
/ Brazil |
To investigate how beliefs in high efficacy, locus control in health and religiosity are associated with adherence to immunosuppressants in kidney transplant patients |
Cross-sectional |
88 |
Mean 47.2 (12.9) |
Men (63.6%) |
Mean 108.7 (43.9) months |
Teng et al.3636 Teng S, Zhang S, Zhang W, Lin X, Shang Y, Peng X, Liu H. Symptom experience associated with immunosuppressive medications in Chinese kidney transplant recipients. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2015;47(5):425-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12157 https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12157...
/ China |
To evaluate the experience of immunosuppressant-associated symptoms in kidney transplant patients and its association with medication adherence |
Cross-sectional |
231 |
Mean 44.9 (10.7) |
Men (60.6%) |
ND |
Vankova et al.3737 Vankova B, Mala-Ladova K, Kubena AA, Maly J, Sulkova SD. Immunosuppressive therapy related adherence, beliefs and self-management in kidney transplant outpatients. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2018;2018(12):2605-13. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S184166 https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S184166...
/ Czech Republic |
To determine the adherence to immunosuppressive agents in kidney transplant patients in the Czech Republic |
Cohort |
211 |
Mean 55.0 (12.4) |
Men (58.3%) |
Mean 6.6 (5.9) years |
Vasquez et al.3838 Vasquez EM, Tanzi M, Benedetti E, Pollak R. Medication noncompliance after kidney transplantation. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2003;60(3):266-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/60.3.266 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/60.3.266...
/ USA |
To identify the factors that may affect medication nonadherence in kidney transplant patients |
Cross-sectional |
95 |
Mean between 44.4 and 47.6 years |
Men (58.9%) |
ND |
Villeneuve et al.3939 Villeneuve C, Rousseau A, Rerolle JP, Couzi L, Kamar N, Essig M et al. Adherence profiles in kidney transplant patients: Causes and consequences. Patient Educ Couns. 2020;103(1):189-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2019.08.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2019.08.00...
/ France |
Assess adherence in kidney transplant patients three years after transplant |
Prospective cohort |
345 |
Mean 51.1 (13.1) |
Men (63.5%) |
ND |
Weng et al.4040 Weng LC, Yang YC, Huang HL, Chiang YJ, Tsai YH. Factors that determine self-reported immunosuppressant adherence in kidney transplant recipients: A correlational study. J Adv Nurs. 2017;73(1):228-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13106 https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13106...
/ Taiwan |
To determine the factors associated with immunosuppressant adherence in kidney transplant patients in Taiwan |
Cross-sectional |
145 |
Mean 45.5 (11.8); ranging from 18 to 71 |
Men (45.5%) |
mean 7.4 (4.6) years |
Xia et al.4141 Xia M, Yan J, Liu S, Liu J. Beliefs of immunosuppressive medication among Chinese renal transplant recipients, as assessed in a cross-sectional study with the basel assessment of adherence to immunosuppressive medications scale. Transplant Proc. 2019;51(3):742-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.10.029 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2...
/ China |
To examine the belief in immunosuppressants and the adherence to these medications by Chinese patients |
Cross-sectional |
208 |
Mean 43.7 ranging from 18 to 71 |
Men (63.5%) |
Mean of 4.7 years; ranging from 1 to 19 years |