ACANTHACEAE
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Bravaisia integerrima (Spreng.) Standl. |
1, 2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Justicia guianensis (N.E. Br.) Wassh. |
18,19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Justicia secunda Vahl |
2, 7, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Justicia stipitata Wassh. & Arroyo |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Mendoncia tovarensis (Klotzsch & H. Karst. ex Nees) Leonard |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Ruellia geminiflora Kunth |
24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Ruellia humboldtiana (Nees) Lindau |
40 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Ruellia macrophylla Vahl |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Ruellia paniculata L. |
41 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Ruellia tuberosa L. |
1, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
ADOXACEAE
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Viburnum tinoides L. f. |
6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
AIZOACEAE |
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Sesuvium edmonstonei Hook. f. |
13 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. |
12, 13 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Trianthema portulacastrum L. |
5 |
C4 |
S |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
ALISMATACEAE
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Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Agregate of achene |
Achenetum |
Brown |
Black |
Limnocharis laforestii Griseb. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Sagittaria guayanensis Kunth |
26 |
CAM |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Agregate of achene |
Achenetum |
Brown |
Black |
AMARANTHACEAE
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Achyranthes aspera L. |
5, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Utricle |
Diclesarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Alternanthera halimifolia (Lam.) Standl. ex Pittier |
9, 12 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Utricle |
Diclesarium |
Brown |
Black |
Alternanthera pungens Kunth |
5 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Utricle |
Diclesarium |
Brown |
Black |
Amaranthus crassipes Schltdl. |
5 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Pyxidium |
Pyxidium |
Brown |
Black |
Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell. |
1, 5 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Utricle |
Diclesarium |
Brown |
Black |
Gomphrena alba Farmar |
9 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Utricle |
Diclesarium |
Brown |
Black |
Iresine angustifolia Euphrasén |
2, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Utricle |
Diclesarium |
Brown |
Black |
ANACARDIACEAE
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Spondias mombin L. |
22, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Brown |
Toxicodendron striatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze |
6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Red |
White |
ANNONACEAE
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Anaxagorea acuminata (Dunal) A. DC. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Black |
Annona jahnii Saff. |
22, 24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Aggregate of berry |
Syncarpium |
Yellow |
Black |
Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. |
22, 24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Green+Red |
Black |
APIACEAE
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Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) F. Muell. ex Benth. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Asorella jualianii Math & Constance |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Black |
APOCYNACEAE
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Aspidosperma fendleri Woodson |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Blepharodon mucronatum (Schldl.) Decne. |
22, 24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Blepharodon pictum (Vahl) W.D. Stevans |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Blepharodon ulei Schltr. |
18 |
CAM |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Calotropis gigantea ( L.) Dryand. In W.T. Aiton |
11 |
C3 |
S |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton |
5, 9 |
C3 |
S |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Ditassa bolivarensis (R.W. Holm) Morillo |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Ditassa tatei Gleason & Moldenke |
15, 16, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Galactophora schomburgkiana Woodson |
15, 16 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Macroscepis urceolatum (Kart.) Williams |
24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Mandevilla benthamii (A. DC.) K. Schum. |
14-17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Mandevilla gracilis (Kunth) J.F. Morales |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Mandevilla subsagittata (Ruiz & Pav.) Woodson |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Marsdenia condensiflora S.F. Blake |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Marsdenia xerophylica Dugand |
22, 24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Matelea maritima (Jacq.) Woodson |
24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Metastelma hirtella (Oliver) Liede |
17, 18, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Metastelma parviflorum (Sw.) R. Br. ex Schult. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Plumeria inodora Jacq. |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Sarcostema clausum (Jacq.) R & Schum |
5 |
CAM |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Stapelia gigantea N.E. Br. |
31 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia Jacq. |
2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Red |
Brown+ yellow |
Thevetia ahouai (L.) A. DC. |
2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Red |
Brown |
AQUIFOLIACEAE
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Ilex danielis Killip & Cuatrec. |
17, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Ilex polita Steyerm. |
16 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Ilex retusa Klotzsch in R. M. Schomb. |
15, 16, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Ilex subrotundifolia Steyermark |
15 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
ARACEAE
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Anthurium ellipticum K. Koch & Bouché |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Baccarium |
Red |
Black |
Anthurium hookeri Kunth |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Baccarium |
White |
White |
Anthurium nymphaeifolium K. Koch & C.D. Bouché |
6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Baccarium |
Red |
Brown |
Caladium bicolor Vent. |
22, 24 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Baccarium |
Red |
Beige |
Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott |
3, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Sorosus |
Yellow |
Brown |
Montrichardia arborescens (L.) Schott |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Sorosus |
Yellow |
Brown |
Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq.) Schott |
22, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Sorosus |
White |
Beige |
Philodendron macroglossum Schott |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Sorosus |
White |
Beige |
Philodendron ptarianun Steyerm. var. rugosum |
15, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Sorosus |
White |
Beige |
Xanthosoma undipes (K. Koch & C.D. Bouché) K. Koch |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Sorosus |
White |
Brown |
ARALIACEAE
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Schefflera glabrata (Kunth) Frodin |
6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
ARECACEAE
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Bactris guineensis (L.) M. E. Moore |
22, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Bactris setulosa H. Karst. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Brown |
Chamaedorea pinnatifrons (Jaqc.) Oersted |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Copernicia tectorum (H.B.K.) Martius |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Euterpe precatoria Mart. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Brown |
Brown |
Geonoma simplicifrons Willd. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Geonoma spinescens H. Wendl. ex Burret |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Geonoma tenuis Burret |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Mauritia flexuosa L.f. |
3, 26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Brown |
Brown |
Socratea karstenii F.W. Staufer & Balslev |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Brown |
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
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Aristolochia pannosoides Hoehne |
22, 24 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
ASPARAGACEAE
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Agave cocui Trel. |
1, 5 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Black |
Black |
ASTERACEAE
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Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. |
8, 18, 20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Ageratum conyzoides subsp. latifolium (Cav.) M.F. Johnson |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Aldama dentata La Llave |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Alloispermun caracasanum (Kunth) H. Rob. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Austroeupatorium inulifolium (Kunth) R.M. King & H. Rob. |
18, 20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Ayapana amygdalina (Lam.) R.M. King & H. Rob. |
18-20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Baccharis leptocephala DC. |
18-20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Baccharis trinervis Pers |
1, 5-7, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Bidens pilosa L. |
1, 21, 23-25, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Diclesium |
Black |
White |
Calea alchioides S.F. Blake |
20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Calea cardonae Maguire & Wurdack |
16 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Calea divaricata Benth. |
17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Calea lucidivenia Gleason & S.F. Blake |
14-16 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Calea nana Maguire |
19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Calea oliveri B.L. Rob. & Greenm. |
19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Calea solidaginea Kunth |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Carramboa badilloi (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec. |
28 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Diclesium |
Black |
White |
Centratherum punctatum Cass. var. Punctatum |
20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Chromolaena ivifolia (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. |
24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Chromolaena laevigata (Lam.) R.M. King & H. Rob. |
15, 17, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. |
1, 24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Chromolaena thurnii (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob. |
19, 20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Coespeletia alba (A.C. Smith.) Cuatrec. (feme) |
4 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Coespeletia moritziana (Schultz Bip ex Wedd.) Cuatrec. |
4 |
C3 |
S |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Coespeletia spicata (Sch. Bip. ex Wedd.) Cuatrec. |
4 |
C3 |
S |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Coespeletia timotensis (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec. |
4 |
C3 |
S |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Condylidium iresinoides (Kunth) R.M. King & H. Rob. |
1, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Conocliniopsis prasiifolia (DC.) R.M. King & H. Rob. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist |
3, 5, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Delilia biflora (L) kuntze |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Diclesium |
Black |
White |
Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. |
5, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Diclesium |
Black |
White |
Egletes prostrata (Sw.) Kuntze |
9, 11 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Elephantopus mollis Kunth |
18, 24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Brown |
Emilia fosbergii Nicolson |
1, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. |
19, 20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Espeletia angustifolia Cuatrecasas |
4 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Espeletia batata Cuatrec. |
4 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Espeletia schultzii Wedd. |
4 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Espeletia semiglobulata Cuatrec. |
4 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Espeletia sp. |
4 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Espeletia sp. |
4 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Espeletia sp. |
4 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Galinsoga parviflora Cav. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Gnaphalium antennarioides DC. (Fem) |
28 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Gongylolepis benthamiana R. H. Schomb. |
15-17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Hypochaeris sessiliflora Kunth |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Ichthyothere terminalis (Spreng) S.F. Blake |
20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Lagascea mollis Cav. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Lasiocephalus longipenicillatus (Schultz-Bip. ex Sandw.) Cuatrec. |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Launaea intybacea (Jacq.) Beauverd |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Lepidaploa bolivarensis (V.M. Badillo) H. Rob. |
15, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Lepidaploa ehretiifolia (Benth.) H. Rob. |
19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Lepidaploa gracilis (Kunth) H. Rob. |
19, 20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Lepidaploa salzmannii (DC.) H. Rob. |
18-20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Libanothamnus neriifolius (Bonpl. Ex Kunth) A. Ernst. |
8, 28 |
C3 |
S |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Mikania johnstonii B.L. Rob. |
7, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Mikania micrantha Kunth |
18, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Mikania psilostachya DC. |
15, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Monticalia imbricatifolia (Sch. Bip. ex Wedd.) C. Jeffrey |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Neurolaena lobata (L.) Cass. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Oyedaea verbesinoides DC. |
1, 6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Diclesium |
Black |
White |
Parthenium hysterophorus L. |
1 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Pluchea symphytifolia (Mill.) Gillis |
1, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Porophyllum leiocarpum (Urb.) Rydb. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Praxelis pauciflora (Kunth) R.M. King & H. Rob. |
3, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Ruilopezia atropurpurea (A.C. smith) Cuatrec. |
28 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Ruilopezia flocossa (Standley) Cuatrec. (feme) |
28 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Ruilopezia lindenii (Schultz-Bip. Ex Wedd.) Cuatrec. |
28 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Ruilopezia marcescens (S.F. Blake) Cuatrec. |
4 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Senecio formosus Kunth |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
Beige |
Stomatochaeta condensata (Baker) Maguire & Wurdack |
14-17 |
C3 |
S |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Tridax procumbens L. |
1, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Trixis divaricata (Kunth) Spreng. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Trixis inula Crantz |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Verbesina caracasana B.L. Rob. & Greenm. |
1, 24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Diclesium |
Black |
White |
Vernonia brasiliana (L.) Druce |
25, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Vernonia gracilis Kunth |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Vernonia miersiana |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Vernonia remotiflora Rich. |
23, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Black |
White |
Wedelia calycina Rich. |
1, 5, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Diclesium |
Black |
White |
Wulffia stenoglossa (Cass.) DC. |
21, 24 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Achene |
Pseudodrupe |
Yellow |
White |
AVICENNIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Avicennia germinans (L.) L. |
10, 13 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Follicle |
Follicle |
Green |
Green |
BATACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Batis maritima L. |
10, 13 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Infrutescence |
Syncarpium |
Green |
Black |
BEGONIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Begonia humilis Dryand. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
BIGNONIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arrabidaea corallina (Jacq.) Sandwith |
1, 5, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Arrabidaea mollissima (Kunth) Bureau & K. Schum. |
22, 24 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Arrabidaea oxycarpa Urb. |
24 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Arrabidaea pubescens (L.) A.H. Gentry |
22, 24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Digomphia laurifolia Benth. |
14, 15, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Godmania macrocarpa (Benth.) Hemsl. |
24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Jacaranda obtusifolia Bonpl. ssp. obtusifolia |
24, 25, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Pithecoctenium crucigerum (L.) A.H. Gentry |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Pleonotoma clematis (Kunth) Miers |
3, 24 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) G. Nicholson |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Tanaecium jaroba Sw. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
BIXACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Sprengel |
24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Black |
BONNETIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bonnetia sessilis Benth. |
14-17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
BORAGINACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bourreria cumanensis (Loefl.) O.E. Schulz |
2, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Samarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Bourreria exsucca Jacq. |
12 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Samarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Cordia aristeguietae G. Agostini |
6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Red |
Brown |
Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. |
1, 5, 21, 24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Red |
Beige |
Cordia dentata Poir. |
5, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
White |
Beige |
Cordia globosa (Jacq.) Kunth & Andrews ex A. DC. |
1, 5, 12 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Red |
Beige |
Cordia polycephala (Lam.) I.M. Johnst. |
1, 21, 22, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Red |
Beige |
Cordia toqueve Aublet |
22, 24 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
White |
Beige |
Heliotropium angiospermum Murray |
1, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Druparium |
Brown |
Brown |
Heliotropium curassavicum L. |
9, 11, 12 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
White |
Brown |
Heliotropium gnaphalodes L. |
9, 11, 13 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Druparium |
Brown |
Brown |
Heliotropium indicum L. |
1, 9, 11, 12 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Druparium |
Brown |
Brown |
Heliotropium ternatum Vahl. |
5 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Brown |
Brown |
Rochefortia spinosa (Jacq.) Urb. |
5, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Tournefortia maculata Jacq. |
24 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Black+ Yellow |
Black |
Tournefortia volubilis L. |
1, 5, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
White+Black |
Black |
BRASSICACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Draba chionophila S.F. Blake |
4 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Draba funckeana Linden & Planch. |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Lepidium bipinnatifidium Desv. |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Orange |
Lepidium virginicum L. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Orange |
BROMELIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aechmea fendleri André |
7, 21 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Blue |
Brown |
Aechmea lasseri L.B. Sm. |
7 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Blue |
Brown |
Brocchinia acuminata L.B. Sm. |
15 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Brocchinia reducta Baker |
15-17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
I |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Brocchinia steyermarkii L.B. Sm. |
14 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Bromelia chrysantha Jacq. |
22, 27 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Black |
Catopsis berteroniana (Schult. & Schult. f.) Mez |
16, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Catopsis nutans (Sw.) Griseb |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Glomeropitcairnia erectiflora Mez |
21 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Guzmania nubigena L.B. Sm. |
7 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Lindmania geniculata L.B. Sm. var. geniculata |
17 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Lindmania guianensis (Beer) Mez |
14-17 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Pitcairnia altensteinii (Lk.,Kl. & Otto) Lem. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Tillandsia balbisiana Schult. f. |
1, 2 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Tillandsia circinnata Schltdl. |
5 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Tillandsia complanata Benth. |
6, 7 |
CAM |
Ns |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Tillandsia elongata Kunth var. subimbricata (Baker) L.B. Sm. |
2 |
CAM |
Ns |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Tillandsia flexuosa Sw. |
1, 5, 16, 27 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Tillandsia funckiana Baker |
31 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. |
1,5 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
E |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Tillandsia schiedeana Steud |
29 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Tillandsia utriculata L. |
1 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Tillandsia variabilis Schltdl. |
1 |
CAM |
Ns |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Vriesea platynema Gaudich. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Vriesea splendens (Brongn.) Lem. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Vriesea tequendamae (Andrè) L.B. Sm. |
30 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
BURMANNIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Burmannia bicolor Mart. |
14 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Poricidal capsule |
Poricidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
BURSERACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. |
1, 2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Pseudodrupe |
Nuculanium |
Green+Red |
White |
Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand |
3, 22 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Pseudodrupe |
Nuculanium |
Green+Red |
White |
Protium unifoliolatum Engl. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Pseudodrupe |
Nuculanium |
Green+Red |
White |
CACTACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cereus hexagonus (L.) Mill. |
1, 22 |
CAM |
S |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Acrosarcum |
Brown |
Black |
Cereus horrispinus (Backeb.) Backeb. |
12 |
CAM |
S |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Acrosarcum |
Pink |
Black |
Epiphyllum phyllanthus (L.) Haw. |
3, 7 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Berry |
Acrosarcum |
Pink |
Black |
Mammillaria mammillaris (L.) H. Karst. |
5 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Acrosarcum |
Red |
Black |
Melocactus andinus R. Gruber ex N. P. Taylor |
32 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Acrosarcum |
Pink |
Black |
Melocactus curvispinus Pfeiff. (herma) |
5, 9, 12 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Acrosarcum |
Pink |
Black |
Melocactus schatzlii W. Till & R. Gruber |
31 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Acrosarcum |
Pink |
Black |
Opuntia caracasana Salm-Dyck |
5, 9, 12 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Acrosarcum |
Yellow |
Black |
Opuntia elatior Mill. |
5 |
CAM |
S |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Acrosarcum |
Yellow |
Black |
Pereskia guamacho F.A.C. Weber |
5, 12 |
CAM |
S |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Acrosarcum |
Green |
Black |
Pilosocereus lanuginosus (L.) Byles & G.D. Rowley |
12 |
CAM |
S |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Acrosarcum |
Green |
Black |
Pilosocereus moritzianus (Otto) Byles & G.D. Rowley |
5 |
CAM |
S |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Acrosarcum |
Pink |
Black |
Rhipsalis floccosa Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff. ssp. pittieri (Britton & Rose) Barthlott & N.P. Taylor |
6, 7 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Acrosarcum |
White |
Black |
Stenocereus griseus (Haw.) Buxb. |
5 |
CAM |
S |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Acrosarcum |
Pink |
Black |
Subpilocereus repandus (L.) Backeb. |
12, 22 |
CAM |
S |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Acrosarcum |
Green |
Black |
CALOPHYLLACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Caraipa llanorum Cuatrec. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Mahurea exstipitata Benth. |
3, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
CAMPANULACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Centropogon cornutus (L) Druce |
7, 18, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Beige |
Hippobroma longiflora (L) G.Don |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Poricidal capsule |
Poricidal capsule |
Green |
Beige |
Syphocampylus reticulatus (Willd. Ex Roem. & Schult.) |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Poricidal capsule |
Poricidal capsule |
Green |
Black |
CANNABACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Celtis iguanaea (Jaqc.) Sarg. |
1, 2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Brown |
Trema micrantha (L.) Blume |
3, 6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Red |
Black |
CAPPARACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capparis flexuosa (L.) L. |
1, 2, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Green+Red |
White+ Black |
Capparis hastata Jacq. |
5, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Green+Red |
White+ Black |
Capparis odoratissima Jacq. |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Black+Red |
Capparis tenuisiliqua Jacq. |
2, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Green |
Brown+ White |
Capparis verrucosa Jacq. |
1, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Green+Red |
Brown+ White |
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Valeriana phylicoides (Turcz.) Briq. (H) |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Cypsela |
Brown |
Brown |
CARYOCARACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Caryocar microcarpum Ducke |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Druparium |
Brown |
Brown |
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arenaria jahnii S.F. Blake |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Poricidal capsule |
Poricidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Cerastium cephalanthum S.F. Blake |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Denticidal Capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
CELASTRACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cheiloclinium belizense (Standl.) A.C. Sm. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Brown |
Maytenus karstenii Reissek |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Orange |
Black |
Peritassa laevigata (Hoffmanns. ex Link) A.C. Sm. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Brown |
CHRYSOBALANACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Couepia paraensis (Mart. & Zucc.) Benth. ex Hook. f. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Brown |
Hirtella scabra Benth |
16 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Licania heteromorpha Benth. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Brown |
Licania membranacea Sagot ex Laness. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Brown |
Brown |
Licania pyrifolia Griseb. |
22, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Brown |
Brown |
CLEOMACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cleome aculeata L. |
42 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Cleome anomala Kunth |
43 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Cleome arborea Schrad. |
49 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Cleome gynandra L. |
48 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Cleome moritziana Klotzsch ex Eichler |
6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Cleome pilosa Benth. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Cleome rutidosperma DC. |
47 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Cleome speciosa Raf. |
44 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Cleome spinosa Jacq. |
1, 2, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Cleome stenophylla Klotzsch ex Urb. |
45 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Cleome torticarpa Iltis & T. Ruiz Zapata |
46 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Cleome viridiflora Schreb. |
50 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
Cleome viscosa L. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Silique |
Ceratium |
Brown |
Brown |
CLUSIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clusia aff. brachystyla Maguire |
17 |
C3 |
S |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Red |
Orange |
Clusia alata Planch. & Triana |
21 |
CAM |
S |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Red |
Orange |
Clusia columnaris Engl. |
3, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Green |
Orange |
Clusia fockeana Miq. |
16, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Green |
Orange |
Clusia grandiflora Splitg. |
15, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Green |
Orange |
Clusia minor L. |
1, 21 |
CAM |
S |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Green |
Orange |
Clusia multiflora Kunth |
6 |
C3 |
S |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Purple-black |
Orange |
Clusia pusilla Steyerm. ssp. Pusilla |
15, 17 |
C3 |
S |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Green |
Orange |
Clusia schomburgkiana (Planch. & Triana) Benth. ex Engl. |
17, 18 |
CAM |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Green |
Orange |
Tovomita speciosa Ducke |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
COMBRETACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buchenavia reticulata Eichler |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Pseudodrupe |
Pseudodrupe |
Brown |
Brown |
Combretum decandrum Jacq. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Samara |
Diclesium |
Brown |
Brown |
Combretum fruticosum (Loefl.) Stuntz |
3, 24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Samara |
Diclesium |
Brown |
Brown |
Conocarpus erectus L. |
11, 12, 13 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Achenoconum |
Brown |
Brown |
Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C.F. Gaertn |
10, 13 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Drupe |
Diclesium |
Green |
Green |
COMMELINACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commelina erecta L. |
1, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Setcreasea purpurea Boom |
1 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Tradescantia zanonia (L.) Sw. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
CONNARACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Connarus venezuelanus Baill. |
3, 24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Follicle |
Follicle |
Brown |
Black+ Yellow |
CONVOLVULACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Convolvulus nodiflorus Desr. |
1, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septifragal capsule |
Septifragal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Evolvulus tenuis Mart. ex Choisy ssp. longifolius (Choisy) Ooststr. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septifragal capsule |
Septifragal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Evolvulus tenuis Mart. ex Choisy ssp. sericatus (House) Ooststr. |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septifragal capsule |
Septifragal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Ipomoea avicola D.F. Austin |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septifragal capsule |
Septifragal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Ipomoea carnea Jacq. |
2, 9, 11, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septifragal capsule |
Septifragal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. |
9, 11 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septifragal capsule |
Septifragal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Ipomoea sericophylla Meisn. |
24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septifragal capsule |
Septifragal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Ipomoea trifida (Kunth) G. Don |
23, 24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septifragal capsule |
Septifragal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Jacquemontia cumanensis Kuntze |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septifragal capsule |
Septifragal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Jacquemontia pentantha (Jacq.) G. Don |
24 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septifragal capsule |
Septifragal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. |
23 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septifragal capsule |
Septifragal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Merremia macrocalyx (Ruiz & Pavon) O`Donnell |
6 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Merremia umbellata (L.)Hall |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Operculina alata Urb. |
25 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Pyxidium |
Foramicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
COSTACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Costus comosus (Jacq.) Roscoe |
2, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
White |
White+ Black |
Costus spiralis (Jacq.) Roscoe |
3, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
White |
White+ Black |
CRASSULACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Echeveria columbiana Poelln. |
4, 8 |
CAM |
S |
Ah |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier |
1 |
CAM |
S |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. |
1 |
CAM |
S |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Follicarium |
Brown |
Brown |
CUCURBITACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn. |
24 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Pepo |
Pepo |
Yellow |
Brown |
Ceratosanthes palmata(L) Urb. |
1, 2 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Pepo |
Pepo |
Purple-black |
Green |
Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb. |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Pepo |
Pepo |
Yellow |
Brown |
Melothria trilobata Cogn. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Pepo |
Pepo |
Purple-black |
Black |
Momordica charantia L. |
2, 23 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
D |
Pepo |
Pepo |
Yellow |
Red |
Psiguria umbrosa (Kunth) C. Jeffrey |
2 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Pepo |
Pepo |
Purple-black |
Beige |
CYCLANTHACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asplundia caput-medusae (Hook. f.) Harling |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Sorosus |
Green |
Beige |
Asplundia fendleri Harling |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Sorosus |
Green |
Beige |
Asplundia moritziana (Klotzsch) Harling |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Sorosus |
Green |
Beige |
Asplundia sp. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Sorosus |
Green |
Beige |
Cyclanthus bipartitus Poit. ex A. Rich. |
3, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Berry |
Trymoconum |
Green |
Brown |
Evodianthus funifer (Poit.) Lindm. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Trymoconum |
Green |
Brown |
CYPERACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bulbostylis conifera (Kunth) C.B.Clarke |
19, 25 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Bulbostylis junciformis (Kunth) C.B. Clarke |
15, 23 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Brown |
Bulbostylis lanata (Kunth) Lindm. |
17, 19, 20 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Bulbostylis paradoxa (Spreng.) Lindm. |
19 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Cephalocarpus rigidus Gilly |
15 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Cyperus aggregatus (Willd) Endl |
18 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Brown |
Cyperus surinamensis Rottb. |
3, 21, 27 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Black |
Beige |
Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roem. & Schult. |
23 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Fimbristylis cymosa R. Br. |
13 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Brown |
Hypolytrum pulchrum (Rudge) H. Pfeiff. |
14, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Lagenocarpus rigidus Kunth (Ness) |
14-17, 19 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Brown |
Rhynchospora barbata (Vahl.) Kunth |
14, 15, 18, 19, 26 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Rhynchospora caracasana (Kunth) Boeckeler |
19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Rhynchospora curvula Griseb. |
19 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Rhynchospora exaltata Kunth |
15 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Rhynchospora filiformis Vahl. |
14 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Rhynchospora globosa (Kunth) Roem. & Schult. |
14, 19, 26 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Rhynchospora marisculus Lindl. ex Nees |
14, 21 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Brown |
Rhynchospora mexicana (Liebm.) Steud. |
19 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Brown |
Rhynchospora nervosa (Vahl) Boeckeler |
24 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Rhynchospora pilosa (kunth) Boeckeler |
14, 16, 17, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale |
19, 20, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Rhynchospora tenuis Willd. ex Link |
17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Rhynchospora velutina (Kunth) Boeckeler |
19, 26 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Scleria bracteata Cav. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Glans |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Scleria cyperina Willd. ex Kunth |
3, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Glans |
White |
Beige |
Scleria distans Poir. |
19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Pseudoanthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Scleria latifolia Sw. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Glans |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Scleria melaleuca Rchb. ex Schltdl. & Cham. |
24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Glans |
White |
Beige |
CYRILLACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cyrilla racemiflora L. |
14, 15, 16, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
White |
Beige |
DILLENIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Curatella americana L. |
24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Camaretum |
Green+Red |
White+ Black |
Tetracera volubilis L. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Coccetum |
Green+Red |
White+ Black |
DIOSCOREACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dioscorea pilosiuscula Bertero ex Spreng. |
24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Denticidal Capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Dioscorea trifoliata Kunth |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Denticidal Capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
DROSERACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Drosera felix Steyerm. & L.B. Sm. |
14, 15, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
I |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Drosera roraimae (Klotzsch ex Diels) Maguire & J.R. Laundon |
14, 15, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
I |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
ERICACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Befaria sprucei Meisn. |
6, 15-18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Notopora schomburgkii Hook. f. |
15-17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Brown |
Brown |
Vaccinium euryanthum A.C. Sm. |
15-17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Vaccinium latifolium (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Vaccinium puberulum var. subcrenulatum (Klotzsch ex Meissner) Maguire, Steyerm. & Luteyn |
15 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Vaccinium puberulum Klotzsch ex Meisn. |
16, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Beige |
ERIOCAULACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Leiothrix flavescens (Bong.) Ruhland |
14 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Beige |
Paepalanthus dichotomus Klotzsch ex Körn. |
14, 16, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Indehiscent capsule |
Carcerulus |
Brown |
Beige |
Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.) Ruhland |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Beige |
Syngonanthus pakaraimensis Mold. var. Pakaraimensis |
14-16 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Beige |
Syngonanthus xeranthemoides (Bong.) Ruhland |
14-17, 26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Beige |
ERYTHROXYLACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Erythroxylum amazonicum Peyr. |
6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Red |
Brown |
Erythroxylum citrifolium A. St.-Hil. |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Red |
Beige |
Erythroxylum cumanense Kunth |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Red |
Beige |
Erythroxylum densum Rusby |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Red |
Beige |
Erythroxylum havanense Jacq. |
1, 2, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Red |
Beige |
Erythroxylum orinocense Kunth |
1, 22, 24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Red |
Beige |
Erythroxylum undulatum Plowman |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Red |
Beige |
EUPHORBIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acalypha cuspidata Jacq. |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Acalypha macrostachya Jacq. |
2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Caperonia palustris (L.) A. St.-Hil. |
26, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Green |
Brown |
Chaetocarpus schomburgkianus (Kuntze) Pax & K. Hoffm. |
17, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black+Red |
Chamaesyce dioeca (Kunth) Millsp. |
21 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (L.) Small |
1, 5, 23, 25 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Chamaesyce lasiocarpa (Klotzsch) Arthur |
21 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Chamaesyce mesembryanthemifolia (Jacq.) Dugand |
5, 9, 11, 13 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Chamaesyce sp |
13 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Chamaesyce thymifolia (L.) Millsp. |
21 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Cnidoscolus urens (L.) Arthur |
5, 9, 11, 12 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Croton bredemeyeri Müll. Arg. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Croton conduplicatus Kunth |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Croton flavens L . |
9, 11, 12 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Croton fragilis Kunth |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Croton gossypiifolius Vahl |
6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Croton hircinus Vent. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Croton hirtus L'Hér. |
24, 26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Croton lobatus L. |
5, 9, 11, 23 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Croton ovalifolius Vahl |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Croton punctatus Jacq. |
9, 11, 12 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Croton pungens Jacq. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Croton scaber Willd. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Croton trinitatis Millsp. |
23 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Dalechampia scandens L. |
1, 24, 25, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Euphorbia cyathophora Murray |
1 |
CAM |
S |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Euphorbia gollmeriana Klotzsch ex Boiss. |
5 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Yellow |
Brown |
Euphorbia graminea Jacq. |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Yellow |
Brown |
Euphorbia heterophylla L. |
1, 5 |
C3 |
S |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Hura crepitans L. |
1, 2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Jatropha gossypifolia L. |
5, 9, 11, 12 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. |
5 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Ricinus communis L. |
1, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Tetrorchidium rubrivenium Poepp. |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Green |
Red |
EUPHRONIACEAE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Euphronia guianensis (R. H. Schomb.) Hallier f. |
15-17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Green |
Brown |
FABACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Abarema ferruginea (Benth.) Pittier |
17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Green+Red |
Blue |
Abarema jupunba (Willd.) Britton & Killip |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Green+Red |
Blue |
Abrus precatorius L. |
22, 24 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Black+Red |
Acacia cf. farnesiana (L.) Willd. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Black |
Brown |
Acacia glomerosa Benth. |
1, 2, 22 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
Brown |
Acacia macracantha H. & B. ex Willd. |
1, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Black |
Brown |
Acacia paniculata Willd. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
Brown |
Acacia tortuosa (L.) Willd. |
5, 9, 11, 12 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Black |
Brown |
Aeschinomene sp. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Loment |
Loment |
Brown |
Brown |
Aeschynomene pratensis var. Caribaea Rudd |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Loment |
Loment |
Brown |
Brown |
Aeschynomene rudis Benth. |
23 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Loment |
Loment |
Brown |
Brown |
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Beige |
Brown |
Albizia pistaciifolia (Willd.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Beige |
Brown |
Bauhinia aculeata L. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Bauhinia glabra Jacq. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Bauhinia guianensis Aubl. |
38 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Bauhinia multinervia (Kunth) DC. |
37 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Bauhinia outimouta Aubl. |
39 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Bauhinia pauletia Pers. |
2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Bauhinia purpurea L. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Bauhinia rutilans Spruce ex Benth. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Bauhinia siqueiraei Ducke |
39 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Bauhinia ungulata L. |
3, 22,24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth |
22,24 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
Brown |
Brownea birschellii Hook. f. |
2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) willd. |
2, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
Brown |
Calliandra glomerulata H. Karst. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Calliandra pakaraimensis R.S. Cowan |
16 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Calliandra rigida Benth. (herma) |
35 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Calliandra riparia Pittier |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. |
24, 25, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Campsiandra laurifolia Benth. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Beige |
Brown |
Cassia moschata Kunth |
3, 22, 24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
Brown |
Centrolobium paraense Tul. |
22 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Samara |
Samara |
Brown |
Brown |
Centrosema brasilianum (L.) Benth. |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Centrosema plumieri (Turpin ex Pers.) Benth. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Centrosema pubescens Benth. |
24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Centrosema virginiana Benth. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Cercidium praecox (Ruiz & Pav. ex Hook.) Harms |
9, 11, 12 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
Brown |
Chaetocalyx scandens (L.) Urb. |
1, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Loment |
Loment |
Brown |
Brown |
Chamaecrista cultrifolia Britton & Rose ex Britton & Killip |
24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Chamaecrista desvauxii (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby |
16, 17, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Chamaecrista diphylla (L.) Greene |
24 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Chamaecrista flexuosa (L.) Greene |
25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Chamaecrista nictitans var. pilosa (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby |
1, 6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Chamaecrista nictitans ??? var. patellaria (DC. ex Collad.) Kartesz & Gandhi |
23, 24 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Chamaecrista ramosa (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby |
16 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Chamaecrista serpens (L.) Greene |
23 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Chamaecrista sp. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Chloroleucon mangense (Jacq.) Britton & Rose |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Clitoria guianensis (Aubl.) Benth. |
25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Copaifera pubiflora Benth. |
22, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
White+ |
Black |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coursetia caribaea (Jack.) Lavin |
1, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Coursetia ferruginea (Kunth) Lavin |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Crotalaria incana L. |
1, 5, 9 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Black |
Crotalaria micans Link |
6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Black |
Crotalaria pumila Ortega |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Black |
Crotalaria sp. |
9 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Black |
Dalbergia hygrophila (Mart. ex Benth.) Hoehne |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
Brown |
Dalbergia monetaria L. f. |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
Brown |
Dalea carthagenensis var. Barbata (Oerst.) Barneby |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
Brown |
Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. |
31 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. |
1, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Desmodium affine Schltdl. |
1, 24 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Loment |
Loment |
Brown |
Brown |
Desmodium barbatum (L.) Benth. & Oersted |
25, 26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Loment |
Loment |
Brown |
Brown |
Desmodium canum Schinz & Thell. |
1, 24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Loment |
Loment |
Brown |
Brown |
Desmodium incanum (Sw.) DC. |
1, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Loment |
Loment |
Brown |
Brown |
Dimorphandra macrostachya Benth. ssp. macrostachya |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Dioclea guianensis Benth. |
3, 6 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Dolichos lablab L. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Dycimbe fraterna Cowan |
16 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Entada polystachya (L.) DC. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Craspedium |
Craspedium |
Brown |
Brown |
Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb. |
2, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
Brown |
Eriosema rufum (Kunth) G. Don |
25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Black |
Eriosema simplicifolium (DC.) G. Don |
23 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Black |
Erythrina mitis Jacq. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Follicle |
Follicle |
Brown |
Black+Red |
Galactia jussiaeana Kunth |
3, 24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Galactia striata (Jaqc.) Urb. |
1, 5, 23, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Hymenaea courbaril L. |
22, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Green |
Brown |
Indigofera hirsuta L. |
23 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Indigofera microcarpa Desv. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Indigofera pascuorum Benth. |
23 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. |
5, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Inga ingoides (Rich.) Willd. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
White |
Inga macrantha J.R. Johnst. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
White |
Inga pilosula (Rich.) J.F. Macbr. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
White |
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit. |
1, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Lonchocarpus flendleri Benth. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
Brown |
Lonchocarpus hedyosmus Miq. |
22, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
Brown |
Lupinus jahnii Rose ex Pittier |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Green |
Brown |
Lupinus meridanus Moritz ex C. P. Smith |
4, 8 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Green |
Brown |
Machaerium dubium (Kunth) Rudd |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
Brown |
Machaerium grandifolium Pittier |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Samara |
Samara |
Brown |
Brown |
Machaerium moritzianum Benth. |
2, 22, 24 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Samara |
Samara |
Brown |
Brown |
Machaerium robiniifolium (DC.) Vogel |
1, 2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Samara |
Samara |
Brown |
Brown |
Macrolobium multijugum (DC.) Benth. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
Brown |
Macroptilium atropurpureum (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Urb |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Macroptilium longepedunculatum (Mart. ex Benth.) Urb. |
23-25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Macrosamanea amplissima (Ducke) Barneby & J.W. Grimes |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Follicle |
Follicle |
Brown |
White+ |
Black |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mimosa albida Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Craspedium |
Craspedium |
Brown |
Brown |
Mimosa arenosa (Willd.) Poir |
5, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
Brown |
Mimosa camporum Benth. |
23, 26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Craspedium |
Craspedium |
Brown |
Brown |
Mimosa debilis Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. |
23, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Craspedium |
Craspedium |
Brown |
Brown |
Mimosa dormiens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Craspedium |
Craspedium |
Brown |
Brown |
Mimosa hirsutissima Mart. |
24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Craspedium |
Craspedium |
Brown |
Brown |
Mimosa pigra L. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Craspedium |
Craspedium |
Brown |
Brown |
Mimosa pudica L. |
1, 23, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Craspedium |
Craspedium |
Brown |
Brown |
Mimosa pudica L. var. tetrandra |
16, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Craspedium |
Craspedium |
Brown |
Brown |
Mimosa sensitiva L. |
24 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Craspedium |
Craspedium |
Brown |
Brown |
Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. |
25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
Brown |
Mimosa xanthocentra Mart. |
24 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Craspedium |
Craspedium |
Brown |
Brown |
Neptunia plena (L.) Benth. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Follicle |
Follicle |
Brown |
Brown |
Nissolia fruticosa Jaqc. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Samara |
Samara |
Brown |
Brown |
Pachecoa prismatica (Sessé & Moc.) Standl. & B.G. Schub. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Loment |
Loment |
Brown |
Brown |
Parkinsonia aculeata L. |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
Brown |
Piscidia carthagenensis Jacq. |
1, 2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Loment |
Loment |
Brown |
Brown |
Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. |
2, 12, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Follicle |
Follicle |
Green+Red |
White+ Black |
Pithecellobium unguis-cati (L.) Benth. |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Follicle |
Follicle |
Green+Red |
White+ Black |
Platymiscium diadelphum S.F. Blake |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Samara |
Samara |
Brown |
Brown |
Platymiscium pinnatum (Jacq.) Dugand |
24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Samara |
Samara |
Brown |
Brown |
Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. |
9, 11, 12 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
Brown |
Pseudosamanea guachapele (Kunth) Harms |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Follicle |
Follicle |
Brown |
Brown |
Pterocarpus acapulcensis Rose |
22, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Samara |
Samara |
Brown |
Brown |
Rhynchosia melanocarpa Grear |
24 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Black+Red |
Rhynchosia minima (L) |
5, 9, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Black+Red |
Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby |
2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Senna occidentalis (L.) Link |
5, 9, 12 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Senna oxyphylla (Kunth) Irwin & Barneby |
1, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Senna pallida ?? var. Bahamensis H.S. Irwin & Barneby |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Senna pendula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby |
24 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Senna robiniifolia (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Sesbania exasperata Kunth |
3, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Stylosanthes viscosa (L.) Sw. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Loment |
Loment |
Brown |
Brown |
Swartzia leptopetala Benth. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Beige |
Tachigali davidsei Zarucchi & Herend. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Samara |
Samara |
Brown |
Brown |
Taralea cordata Ducke |
17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers. |
5, 9, 12 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Trifolium repens L. |
4, 8 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Indehiscent pod |
Camara |
Brown |
Brown |
Zapoteca caracasana (Jacq.) H.M. Hern. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Legume |
Legume |
Brown |
Brown |
Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. |
21, 23, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Loment |
Loment |
Brown |
Brown |
GENTIANACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chelonanthus angustifolius (Kunth) Gilg. |
3, 14, 17, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Chelonanthus purpurascens (Aubl.) Struwe & V.A. Albert |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Coutoubea reflexa Benth |
14, 17, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Beige |
Coutoubea spicata Aubl. |
3, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Beige |
Curtia tenuifolia (Aubl.) Knobl. Subsp. tenuifolia |
14, 16, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Enicostema verticillatum (L.) Engl. ex Gilg. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Beige |
Gentiana sedifolia Kunth |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Gentiana viridis Griseb. |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Gentianella nevadensis (Gilg) see Weaver, Richard E. & Rüdenberg |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Irlbachia nemorosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Merr. |
3, 14, 15, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Lisianthius calygonus Ruiz & Pav. |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Schultesia brachyptera Cham. |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Tetrapollinia caerulescens (Aubl.) Maguire & B.M. Boom |
16 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
GERANIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Geranium meridense Pittier |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
GESNERIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rechsteineria ignea (Mart) Fritsch. |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
GNETACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gnetum camporum (Markgr.) D.W. Stev. & Zanoni |
17 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Arillocarpium |
Green |
Brown |
GOODENIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scaevola plumieri (L.) Vahl |
11 |
C3 |
S |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
HELICONIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Heliconia acuminata Rich. |
3, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Blue |
Brown |
Heliconia aurea G. Rodr. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Blue |
Brown |
Heliconia bihai (L.) L. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Blue |
Brown |
Heliconia psittacorum L. f. |
3, 26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Blue |
Brown |
Heliconia revoluta (Griggs) Standl. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Blue |
Brown |
HUMIRIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Humiria balsamifera Aubl. |
15-17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Vantanea minor Benth. |
16 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Green |
Beige |
HYDROCHARITACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thalassia testudinum Banks & Sol. ex K.D. Koenig |
10, 13 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Indehiscent capsule |
Anphisarcum |
Brown |
Brown |
HYPERICACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hypericum laricifolium Juss. |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Vismia baccifera (L.) Triana & Planch. |
3, 6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Brown |
Beige |
Vismia falcata Rusby |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Brown |
Beige |
Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Pers. |
15, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Brown |
Beige |
HYPOXIDACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hypoxis decumbens L. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septifragal capsule |
Septifragal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
IRIDACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cipura paludosa Aubl. |
3, 25, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Cypella linearis (Kunth) Baker |
25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Orthrosanthus chimboracensis (Kunth) Baker |
4, 8 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Sisyrinchium tinctorium Kunth |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Sisyrinchium vaginatum Spreng. |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Trimezia fosteriana Steyerman |
14 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Trimezia martinicensis (Jacq.) Herb. |
6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
IXONANTHACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ochthocosmus attenuatus Steyerm. & Luteyn |
17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Ochthocosmus longipedicellatus Steyerm. & Luteyn |
17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Ochthocosmus roraimae Benth. |
16 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
JUGLANDACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Juglans venezuelensis W.E. Manning (♀) |
36 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Pseudodrupe |
Yellow |
Brown |
JUNCACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Luzula racemosa Desv. |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Beige |
LAMIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aegiphila integrifolia var. guianensis (Moldenke) López-Pal. |
3, 18, 22, 24 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Brown |
Aegiphila mollis Kunth |
22, 24, 26, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Brown |
Aegiphila parviflora Moldenke |
24 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Brown |
Amasonia campestris (Aubl.) Moldenke |
3, 24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Hyptis conferta var. angustata (Briq.) A. Pool & Harley |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Diclesarium |
Brown |
Black |
Hyptis dilatata Benth. |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Diclesarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Hyptis mutabilis (Rich.) Briq. |
24 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Camarium |
Brown |
Black |
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. |
3, 20, 22-24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Diclesarium |
Brown |
negra |
Marsypianthes chamaedrys (Vahl) Kuntze |
23 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Camarium |
Brown |
Black |
Salvia coccinea Buc'hoz ex Etl. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Camarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Vitex capitata Vahl |
24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
LAURACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cassytha filiformis L. |
14, 16, 17, 26 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
P |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Brown |
Endlicheria anomala (Nees) Mez |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Brown |
Nectandra pichurin Mez ex T. Durand & B.D. Jacks. |
26, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Ocotea duidensis Moldenke |
15 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Glans |
Green |
Brown |
Ocotea leucoxylon (Sw.) Laness. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Glans |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Persea caerulea (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Persea sp. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
LECYTHIDACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Couroupita guianensis Aubl. |
2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Indehiscent capsule |
Anphisarcum |
Brown |
Black |
Lecythis ollaria L. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Pyxidium |
Pyxidium |
Brown |
Brown |
LENTIBULARIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Utricularia amethystina St. Hil. |
19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
I |
D |
D |
D |
Pyxidium |
Fissuricidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Utricularia juncea Vahl |
14, 16, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
I |
M |
D |
D |
Pyxidium |
Fissuricidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Utricularia longeciliata DC. in A. DC. |
14, 16, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
I |
M |
D |
D |
Pyxidium |
Fissuricidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Utricularia subulata L. |
2, 16, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
I |
M |
D |
D |
Pyxidium |
Fissuricidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
LOASACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gronovia scandens L. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Diclesium |
Black |
Brown |
LOGANIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bonyunia minor N.E. Br. |
17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Poricidal capsule |
Poricidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Spigelia anthelmia L. |
1, 23, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Pyxidium |
Pyxidium |
Brown |
Brown |
Strychnos guianensis (Aubl.) Mart. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Brown |
Strychnos sp. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Brown |
LORANTHACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oryctanthus alveolatus (Kunth) Kuijt |
3, 24, 25 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
P |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Green |
Phthirusa delicatula Rizzini |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
P |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Green |
Phthirusa stelis (L.) Kuijt |
1, 3, 13, 15-18, 22, 24, 25, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
P |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Green |
Psittacanthus calyculatus (DC.) G. |
27 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
P |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Green |
Psittacanthus collum-cygni Eichl. |
24, 25 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
P |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Green |
Struthanthus gracilis (Gleason) Steyerm. & Maguire |
17, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
P |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Green |
Struthanthus sp. |
16 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
P |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Green |
Struthanthus syringifolius (Mart.) Mart. |
17, 18 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
P |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Green |
Tripodanthus acutifolius (Ruiz & Pav.) Tiegh. |
16 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
P |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Green |
LYTHRACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cuphea denticulata Kunth |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Cuphea micrantha Kunth |
23 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Cuphea odonellii Lourteig |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Pehria compacta (Rusby) Sprague |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
MALPIGHIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Banisteriopsis acapulcensis var. Llanensis B. Gates |
24 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Samarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Banisteriopsis muricata (Cav.) Cuatrec. |
1, 24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Samarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Banisteriopsis pulcherrima (Sandwith) B. Gates |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Samarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Bunchosia mollis Benth. |
25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Beige |
Byrsonima concinna Benth |
17, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Green |
Beige |
Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth |
15, 17-19, 22, 24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Beige |
Byrsonima karstenii W.R. Anderson |
6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Beige |
Byrsonima verbascifolia (L.) DC. |
19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Beige |
Gaudichaudia albida Schltdl. & Cham. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Samarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Heteropteris laurifolia (L.) A. Juss. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Samarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Heteropterys prunifolia (Kunth) W.R. Anderson |
1, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Samarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Malpighia emarginata DC. |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Red |
Brown |
Malpighia glabra L. |
1, 2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Red |
Beige |
Malpigia sp. |
2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Red |
Beige |
Tetrapteris styloptera A. Juss. |
3, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Samarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Tetrapterys pusilla Steyerm. |
14 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Samarium |
Brown |
Brown |
MALVACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Abutilon giganteum (Jacq.) Sweet |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Abutilon stenopetalum Garcke |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Abutilon umbellatum (L.) Sweet Hort. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Acaulimalva purdiaei (A. Gray) Krapov. |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth |
5, 12, 13 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Byttneria scabra Loefl. |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Camarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. |
1, 2, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Corchorus hirsutus L. |
9 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Gaya gaudichaudiana A. St.-Hil. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Samarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. |
1, 2, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Black |
Black |
Helicteres guazumifolia Kunth |
24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Black |
Black |
Heliocarpus americanus L. |
1, 6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Indehiscent capsule |
Carcerulus |
Brown |
Brown |
Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Beige |
Black |
Hibiscus phoeniceus Jacq. |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Luehea candida (DC.) Mart. |
22, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Capsula Loculicida |
Capsula Loculicida |
Brown |
Brown |
Luehea speciosa Willd. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Capsula Loculicida |
Capsula Loculicida |
Brown |
Brown |
Malvastrum americanum (L.) Torr. |
5, 9, 11, 12 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Melochia caracasana Jaqc. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Melochia crenata Vahl. |
13 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Melochia nodiflora Sw. |
1, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Melochia parvifolia Kunth |
23, 24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Melochia pyramidata var. pyramidata |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Melochia tomentosa L. |
5, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Melochia villosa var. villosa |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Pachira aquatica Aubl. |
3, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Pachira quinata (Jacq.) W.S. Alverson |
33 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Pavonia cancellata (L.) Cav. |
23-25, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Peltaea trinervis (C. Presl) Krapov. & Cristóbal |
23, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Pseudabutilon spicatum (Kunth) R.E. Fr. |
25, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Sida acuta Burm. f. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Sida aggregata C. Presl |
24, 25, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Sida ciliaris L. |
1, 5, 23 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Sida glomerata Cav. |
23 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Sida glutinosa Comm. ex Cav. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Sida linifolia Cav. |
20, 23 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Sida rhombifolia L. |
21, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Sida spinosa L. |
1, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Sida tuberculata R.E. Fr. |
23 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corrêa |
13 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Black |
Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq. |
24 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Indehiscent capsule |
Carcerulus |
Brown |
Brown |
Triumfetta sp. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Indehiscent capsule |
Carcerulus |
Brown |
Brown |
Waltheria americana L. |
13 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Indehiscent capsule |
Carcerulus |
Brown |
Black |
Waltheria indica L. |
13, 20, 23 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Indehiscent capsule |
Carcerulus |
Brown |
Black |
Wissadula contracta (Link) R.E. Fr. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl ex Thwaites |
24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Polachenarium |
Brown |
Brown |
MARANTACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Calathea allouia (aubl.) Lindl. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Pink |
Brown |
Calathea sp. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Maranta arundinacea L. |
24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Yellow |
Brown |
Maranta casupito Jacq. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Orange |
Brown |
Stromanthe jacquinii (Roem. & Schult.) H. Kenn. & Nicolson |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Orange |
Brown |
Stromanthe tonckat (Aubl.) Eichler |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Orange |
Brown |
Thalia geniculata L. |
26, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Indehiscent capsule |
Carcerulus |
Brown |
Brown |
MARCGRAVIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ruyschia tremadena (Ernst) Lundell |
6, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Green |
Red |
Souroubea guianensis Aubl. |
3, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Beige |
MARTYNIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Craniolaria annua L. |
24 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
MAYACACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mayaca sellowiana Kunth |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Beige |
Black |
MELASTOMATACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aciotis acuminifolia (Mart. Ex DC.) Triana |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Green |
Brown |
Blakea monticola J.R. Johnst. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Brown |
Chaetolepis lindeniana (Naudin) Triana |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Clidemia capitata Benth. |
15 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don |
18, 20 |
C3 |
S |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Clidemia capitellata var. dependens (Pav. ex D. Don) J.F. Macbr. |
26 |
C3 |
S |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Clidemia fendleri Cogn. |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Clidemia octona (Bonpl.) L. O. Williams Subsp. Guayanensis Wurdack. |
7, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Clidemia pustulata DC. |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Clidemia sericea D. Don. |
7, 18-20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Clidemia urceolata DC. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Comolia microphylla Benth. |
14, 16, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Desmoscelis villosa (Aubl.) Naudin |
19, 26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Graffenrieda latifolia (Naudin) Triana |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Beige |
Beige |
Henriettea granulata O. Berg & Triana |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Brown |
Brown |
Macairea lasiophylla (Benth) Wurdack |
14, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Beige |
Macairea pachyphylla Benth. |
15 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Beige |
Macairea parvifolia Benth. |
15, 16 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Beige |
Marcetia taxifolia (A. St.-Hil.) DC. |
15-19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Beige |
Meriania sclerophylla Triana |
14, 15, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Meriania urceolata Triana |
17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Miconia alata (Aubl) D.C. |
2, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Miconia albicans (Sw.) Steud. |
7, 18, 20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Green |
Brown |
Miconia aplostachia (Bonpl.) DC. |
3, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Miconia araguensis Wurdack |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Miconia ciliata (Rich.) DC. |
6, 7, 15, 17, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Miconia dodecandra Cogn. |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Miconia ibaguensis (Bonp.) Triana |
6, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Miconia laevigata (L.) D. Don |
1, 6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Miconia minutiflora (Bonpl.) DC. |
7, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Miconia phaeophylla Triana |
7, 15, 17, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Miconia rubiginosa (Bonpl.) DC. |
7, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Miconia rufescens (Aubl.) DC. |
3, 7, 18, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Brown |
Miconia stephananthera Ule |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Miconia sylvatica (Schltdl.) Naudin |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Miconia tuberculata (Naud) Triana |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Microlicia benthamiana Triana ex Cogn |
14, 16 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Pterolepis glomerata (Rottb.) Miq. |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Rhynchanthera serrulata (Rich.) DC. |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Siphanthera cordifolia (Benth.) Gleason |
14-17, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Tibouchina fraterna N.E. Brow. |
14, 15, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Beige |
Tibouchina geitneriana (Schltdl.) Cogn. |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Beige |
Tococa guianensis Aublet |
3, 15, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Tococa nitens (Benth.) Triana |
14, 15, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
MELIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trichilia hirta L. |
1, 6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Red |
MENISPERMACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cissampelos ovalifolia DC. |
23 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupetum |
Red |
White |
Cissampelos pareira L. |
22, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupetum |
Red |
White |
Orthomene schomburgkii (Miers) Barneby & Krukoff |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupetum |
Yellow |
Beige |
MONTIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Calandrinia acaulis Kunth |
4 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Mona meridensis (Friedrich) Ö. Nilsson |
4 |
C3 |
S |
Ah |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
MORACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dorstenia sabanensis Cuatrec. |
22, 24 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Trymosum |
White |
Beige |
Ficus obtusifolia Kunth |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Syconium |
Syconium |
Green |
Brown |
Sorocea sprucei (Baill.) J.F. Macbr. |
1, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Sorosus |
Purple-black |
Beige |
MUNTINGIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Muntingia calabura L. |
1, 2, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Beige |
MYRTACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Blepharocalyx eggersii (Kiaersk.) Landrum |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Calycolpus goetheanus (DC.) O. Berg |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Green |
Beige |
Eugenia biflora (L.) DC. |
22, 24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Eugenia casearioides (Kunth) DC. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Eugenia mcvaughii Steyerm. & Lasser |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Brown |
Eugenia protenta McVaugh |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. |
3, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Brown |
Myrcia albidotomentosa (Amshoff) McVaugh |
15-17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Myrcia fallax (Rich.) DC. |
3, 6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Myrcia magnoliifolia DC. |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Brown |
Myrcia sp. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Brown |
Myrcia splendens (Rich.) DC. |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Plinia pinnata L. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Orange |
Brown |
Psidium guineense Sw. |
1, 3, 18, 20, 24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Beige |
Psidium laruotteanum Cambess. |
19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Beige |
Psidium salutare (Kunth) O. Berg |
24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Brown |
Brown |
Psidium sartorianum (O. Berg) Nied. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Beige |
Siphoneugena dussii (Krug & Urb.) Proença |
6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Beige |
NARTHECIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nietneria paniculata Steyerman |
14 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
NYCTAGINACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Boerhavia diffusa L. |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Diclesium |
Brown |
Brown |
Boerhavia erecta L. |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Diclesium |
Brown |
Beige |
Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz |
6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Diclesium |
Purple-black |
Black |
Guapira pacurero (Kunth) Lundell |
5, 21, 22, 24 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Diclesium |
Purple-black |
Black |
Mirabilis violacea (L.) Heimerl |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Diclesium |
Brown |
Brown |
NYMPHAEACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nymphaea pulchella DC. |
34 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Hesperidium |
Hesperidium |
Brown |
Brown |
OCHNACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ouratea gillejana (Dwyer) Sandwith & Maguire |
15-17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Aggregate of drupe |
Glandarium |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Ouratea guildingii (Planch.) Urb. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Aggregate of drupe |
Glandarium |
Yellow |
Brown |
Poecilandra pumila Steyerm. |
14, 16, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Poecilandra retusa Tul. |
15-17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Sauvagesia amoena Ule |
19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Sauvagesia angustifolia Ule |
15, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Sauvagesia erecta L. |
18, 20, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Sauvagesia fruticosa Mart. & Zucc. |
17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Sauvagesia guianensis (Eichler) Sastre |
14 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Sauvagesia rubiginosa A. St.-Hil. |
16, 26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Beige |
Brown |
ONAGRACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ludwigia decurrens Walter |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Ludwigia erecta (L) Hara |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Ludwigia nervosa (Poir.) H. Hara |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Ludwigia octovalis (Jacq.) Hara |
18, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Oenothera epilobiifolia Kunth |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
ORCHIDACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beadlea lindleyana (Link, Klotzsch & Otto) Garay & Dunst. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Catasetum discolor (Lindl.) Lindl. |
15, 16 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Cleistes rosea Lindl. |
19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Cleistes stricta (C. Schweinf.) Garay & Dunst. |
15 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Cyrtopodium parviflorum Lindl. |
19 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Cyrtopodium punctatum (L.) Lindl. |
1 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Epidendrum dendrobioides Thunb. |
14 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Epidendrum elongatum Jacq. |
15, 21 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Epidendrum ibaguense Kunth |
15, 16-19 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Epidendrum johnstonii Ames |
21 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq. |
7, 21 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Epidendrum orchidiflorum Salzm. ex Lindl. |
16 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Epidendrum secundum Jacq. |
15-19 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Epidendrum tumuc-humaciense (Veyret) Carnevali & G.A. Romero-Gonzalez |
15-17 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Epistephium duckei Huber |
15, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Eriopsis biloba Lindl. |
15-17 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Govenia fasciata Lindl. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Govenia utriculata (Sw.) Lindl. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Habenaria repens Nutt. |
24 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Habenaria schomburgkii Lindl. ex Benth. |
17, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Habenaria speciosa Poepp. & Endl. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Koellensteinia tricolor (Lindl.) Rehb. F. |
14 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Lophiaris carthagenensis (Jacq.) Braem |
1 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Lophiaris lopezii |
1 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Myrosmodes cochleare Garay |
4 |
|
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Oeceoeclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. |
1, 22, 24 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Oncidium cebolleta (Jacq.) Sw. |
22, 24, 27 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Oncidium nudum Bateman ex Lindl. |
1 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
E |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Ponthieva racemosa (Walter) C. Mohr |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Sobralia elisabethae R.H. Schomb. |
3, 15-17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Spiranthes laxa (Poepp. & Endl.) C. Schweinf. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
OROBANCHACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bartsia laniflora Benth. |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
P |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Buchnera palustris (Aubl.) Spreng. |
14, 17-19, 26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
P |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Castilleja fissifolia L. f. |
4, 8 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
P |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
OXALIDACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oxalis barrelieri L. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Oxalis frutescens L. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Green |
Brown |
PASSIFLORACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Passiflora auriculata Kunth |
3, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Pepo |
Pepo |
Purple-black |
Black+ Yellow |
Passiflora cyanea Mast. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Pepo |
Pepo |
Yellow |
Black |
Passiflora edulis Sims |
1, 6 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Pepo |
Pepo |
Orange |
Black+ Yellow |
Passiflora foetida var. hispida (DC. ex Triana & Planch.) Killip |
5, 12, 13 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Pepo |
Pepo |
Green |
Black+ Yellow |
Passiflora pulchella Kunth |
22, 24 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Pepo |
Pepo |
Purple-black |
Black |
Passiflora sclerophylla Harms |
15, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Pepo |
Pepo |
Green |
Brown |
Passiflora serrulata Jaqc. |
22, 24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Pepo |
Pepo |
Green |
Black |
Passiflora suberosa L. |
1, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Pepo |
Pepo |
Purple-black |
Black |
Passiflora vitifolia Kunth |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Pepo |
Pepo |
Yellow |
Brown |
Turnera curassavica Urb. |
9 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Turnera scabra Millsp. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Turnera ulmifolia var. intermedia Urb. |
23, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
PENTAPHYLACACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ternstroemia crassifolia Benth. |
15-17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Pyxidium |
Pyxidium |
Green |
Orange |
Ternstroemia pungens Gleason |
15-17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Pyxidium |
Pyxidium |
Green |
Orange |
Ternstroemia retusifolia Kobuski |
16, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Pyxidium |
Pyxidium |
Green |
Orange |
PHYLLANTHACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hyeronima moritziana (Muell.-Arg.) Pax & Hoffm. |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Brown |
Margaritaria nobilis L. f. |
7, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Yellow |
Blue |
Phyllanthus majus Steyerm. |
14, 15 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Green |
Brown |
Phyllanthus niruri L. |
1, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Phyllanthus stipulatus (Raf.) G.L. Webster |
18, 20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Green |
Beige |
Richeria grandis Vahl |
6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Beige |
PHYTOLACCACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Phytolacca icosandra L. |
8 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Baccarium |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Phytolacca rivinoides Kunth & C.D. Bouché |
1, 3, 6-8 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Baccarium |
Purple-black |
Black |
Rivina humilis L. |
1, 2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Baccarium |
Red |
Black |
Trichostigma octandrum (L.) H. Walter |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Baccarium |
Purple-black |
Black |
PICRAMNIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Picramnia caracasana Engl. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Brown |
PLANTAGINACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scoparia dulcis L. |
18, 24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
POACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agrostis breviculmis Hithc. |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Andropogon bicornis L. |
3, 18, 20 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Beige |
White |
Andropogon fastigiatus Sw. |
23 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Beige |
White |
Andropogon leucostachyus Kunth |
3, 21 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Beige |
White |
Andropogon selloanus (Hack.) Hack. |
3, 25, 26 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Beige |
White |
Aristida adscensionis L. |
5 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Beige |
Aristida moritzii Henrard |
23 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Beige |
Aristida recurvata Kunth |
14, 19 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Beige |
Aristida torta (Nees) Kunth |
18, 19 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Beige |
Axonopus anceps (Mez.) Hitch. |
14, 18, 19, 20 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Green |
Beige |
Axonopus canescens (Nees ex Trin.) Pilg. |
18, 19, 24, 25 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Green |
Beige |
Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm |
19, 23 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Green |
Beige |
Axonopus flabelliformis Swallen |
14, 16, 17, 19 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Green |
Beige |
Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A.Camus |
5 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Brown |
Calamagrosty fribrovaginata Lægaard |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. |
5 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Antecosum |
Brown |
Brown |
Cenchrus ciliaris L. |
5 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Antecosum |
Brown |
Brown |
Cenchrus echinatus L. |
5 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Antecosum |
Brown |
Brown |
Chloris barbata Sw. |
1 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Chloris inflata Link |
5 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Chloris virgata Sw. |
1 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Dactyloctenium aegyptium |
5 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecium |
Brown |
Brown |
Echinolaena inflexa (Poir) Chase |
14-20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Beige |
Festuca fragilis (Luces) B. Briceño |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecium |
Brown |
Beige |
Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf |
24, 25 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Brown |
Ichnanthus nemorosus (Sw.) Döll |
1, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Lasiacis anomala Hitchc. |
24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Lasiacis divaricata (L.) Hitchc. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Lasiacis sorghoidea Hitchc. |
1, 2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Leersia ligularis Trin. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecium |
Green |
Beige |
Mesosetum chaseae Luces |
23 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Beige |
Mesosetum pittieri Hitchc. |
23 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Beige |
Mesosetum rottboellioides (Kunth) Hitchc. |
14,19 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Beige |
Olyra latifolia L. |
7, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecium |
White |
Beige |
Panicum cyanescens Nees ex Trin. |
3, 14, 16-20, 26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Green |
Beige |
Panicum hispidifolium Swallen |
23 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Green |
Beige |
Panicum micranthum Kunth |
18, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Green |
Beige |
Panicum nervosum Lam. |
15 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Green |
Beige |
Panicum rudgei Roem. & Schult |
18, 19 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Green |
Beige |
Panicum stenodes Griseb |
19, 26 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Green |
Beige |
Panicum venezuelae Hack. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Green |
Beige |
Pariana stenolemma Tutin |
7 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecium |
Beige |
Beige |
Paspalum conjugatum P.J. Bergius |
21 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Brown |
Paspalum convexum Humb. & Bonpl. ex Flüggé |
23 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Paspalum fimbriatum Kunth |
1 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Brown |
Paspalum lanciflorum Trin. |
14, 18-20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Beige |
Paspalum multicaule Poir. |
23, 26 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Brown |
Paspalum stellatum Humb. & Bonpl. ex Flüggé |
15 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Brown |
Pennisetum setosum (Sw.) Rich.( |
23 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Polyanthecetum |
Brown |
Beige |
Raddiella esenbeckii (Steud.) C.E. Calderón & Soderstr. |
19 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Green |
Beige |
Schizachirium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston |
14, 20 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Beige |
Schizachyrium microstachyum (Desv. ex Ham.) Roseng., B.R. Arrill. & Izag. |
24 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Beige |
Schizachyrium tenerum Ness |
19 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Beige |
Setaria setosa (sw.) Beauvois var. leiphylla (Nees) Kunth |
1 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Beige |
Setaria vulpiseta (Lam.) R.en & Schult |
1, 5 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Beige |
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench |
1, 5 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Beige |
Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. |
1 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Caryopsis |
Brown |
Beige |
Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc. |
5, 21 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Caryopsis |
Brown |
Beige |
Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth |
11, 13 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Caryopsis |
Brown |
Beige |
Thrasya trinitensis Mez |
19 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecium |
Green |
Beige |
Trachypogon spicatus (L. f.) Kuntze |
3, 14-20, 25 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Brown |
Beige |
Tragus berteronianus schult. |
5 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Antecosum |
Brown |
Beige |
Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D. Webster |
18, 20 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Green |
Beige |
Urochloa fusca (Sw.) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin |
1, 5 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Caryopsis |
Anthecetum |
Yellow |
Beige |
POLYGALACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bredemeyera floribunda Willd. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
White |
Monnima phytolaccifolia Kunth |
8 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Monnina pubescens (Bonpl.) Kunth |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Moutabea guianensis Aubl. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Brown |
Polygala adenophora DC. |
19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Polygala appressa Benth. |
16, 17, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Polygala caracasana Kunth |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Polygala glochidiata Kunth |
19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Polygala hygrophila Kunth |
19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Polygala longicaulis Kunth |
3, 14, 18, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Polygala paniculata L. |
19- 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Polygala timoutou Aubl. |
18, 19, 26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Polygala variabilis Kunth |
23 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Securidaca coriacea Bonpl. |
24 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Samara |
Samara |
Brown |
Brown |
Securidaca paniculata Rich |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Samara |
Samara |
Brown |
Brown |
Securidaca scandens Jacq. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Samara |
Samara |
Brown |
Brown |
POLYGONACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coccoloba schomburgkii Meisn. |
14-17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Achene |
Pseudodrupe |
Brown |
Green |
Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L. |
5, 13 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Achene |
Pseudodrupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Rumex acetosella L. |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Achene |
Pseudodrupe |
Red |
Beige |
Rumex crispus L. |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Achene |
Diclesium |
Brown |
Brown |
PORTULACACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Portulaca elatior Mart. ex Rohrb. |
5 |
C4 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Pyxidium |
Pyxidium |
Brown |
Black |
Portulaca oleracea L. |
5 |
C4 |
S |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Pyxidium |
Pyxidium |
Brown |
Black |
PRIMULACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cybianthus duidae (Gleason & Moldenke) G. Agostini |
16, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Cybianthus quelchii (N.E. Br.) G. Agostini |
15 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Jacquinia aristata Jaqc. |
5, 12 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Green |
Brown |
Myrsine coriaceae (Sw.) R. Br. ex Roemer et Schult. |
15, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Myrsine guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze |
7, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Green |
Black |
Rapanea ferruginea (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Brown |
PROTEACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roupala minima Steyermark |
19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Follicle |
Follicle |
Brown |
Brown |
Roupala montana Aubl. |
1, 17, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Follicle |
Follicle |
Brown |
Brown |
RANUNCULACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clematis dioica L. |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Agregate of achene |
Achenetum |
Brown |
Brown |
RAPATEACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stegolepis angustata Gleason |
14-17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Stegolepis ptaritepuiensis Steyerm. |
14, 15 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
RHAMNACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gouania polygama (Jaqc.) Urban |
1, 22, 24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Samarium |
Brown |
Black |
RHIZOPHORACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rhyzophora mangle L. |
10, 13 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Green |
Green |
ROSACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acaena cylindristachya Ruiz & Pavon |
4, 8 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Agregate of achene |
Diclesetum |
Brown |
Brown |
Acaena elongata L. |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Agregate of achene |
Diclesetum |
Brown |
Brown |
Lachemilla aphanoides (Mutis ex L.f.) Rothm. |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Agregate of achene |
Diclesetum |
Brown |
Brown |
Polylepis sericea Wedd. |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Achene |
Diclesium |
Brown |
Brown |
RUBIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arcytophyllum nitidum (Kunth) Schltdl. |
4, 8 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Borreria acimoides (Burm.) DC. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Borreria assurgens (Ruiz & Pav.) Griseb. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Borreria capitata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. |
6, 15, 18, 19, 23 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Microbasarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Borreria verticillata (L.) G. Mey. |
20, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Schizocarp |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Chalepophyllum guianense Hook f. |
14, 16, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
White |
Brown |
Coccocypselum hirsutum Bartl. ex DC. |
20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Blue |
Brown |
Coccocypselum lanceolatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Blue |
Brown |
Coutarea hexandra (Jaqc.) Schum. |
1, 22 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Declieuxia fruticosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze |
15-20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Diodia apiculata (Willd. ex R. & S.) Schum. |
21, 23 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Microbasarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Diodia multiflora DC. |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Microbasarium |
Brown |
Black |
Duroia genipoides Hook. f. ex K. Schum. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Anphisarcum |
Brown |
Brown |
Erithalis fruticosa ssp fruticosa |
13 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Genipa americana var. caruto (Kunth) K. Schum. |
1, 22 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Anphisarcum |
Brown |
Brown |
Guettarda divaricata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.) Standl. |
24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Guettarda roupalifolia Rusby |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Hillia parasitica Jacq. |
7, 21 |
C3 |
S |
L |
T |
P |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Beige |
Machaonia ottonis (K. Schum.) Urb. |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Diclesarium |
Beige |
Beige |
Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Pyxidium |
Pyxidium |
Brown |
Brown |
Pagamea capitata Benth. |
16, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Pagameopsis garryoides (Standley) Steyerm. |
15 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Sorosus |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Palicourea angustifolia Kunth |
6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Palicourea crocea (Sw.) Schult. |
7, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Palicourea fendleri Standl. |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Palicourea petiolaris Kunth |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Perama galioides (Kunth) Poir. |
14, 16-20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Pyxidium |
Pyxidium |
Brown |
Brown |
Platycarpum orinocense Bonpl. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Brown |
Brown |
Psychotria anceps Kunth |
3, 26, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Orange |
Brown |
Psychotria costularia (Baill.) Standl. & Steyerm. |
6 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Psychotria hoffmannseggiana (Willd. ex Schult.) Borhidi |
3, 20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Psychotria microdon (DC.) Urb. |
2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Psychotria polycephala Benth |
17, 18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Blue |
Beige |
Randia dioica H. Karst. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Anphisarcum |
Yellow |
Black |
Randia hebecarpa Benth. |
22, 24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Anphisarcum |
Yellow |
Black |
Randia venezuelensis Steyerm. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Anphisarcum |
Yellow |
Brown |
Remijia densiflora ssp. stenopetala (Standl. & Steyerm.) Steyerm. |
15 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Beige |
Rondeletia mollis S.F. Blake ex Steyerm. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Rosenbergiodendron formosum (Jacq.) Fagerl. var. densiflora Bartl. ex Schum. |
24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Anphisarcum |
Yellow |
Black |
Rudgea karstenii Standl. |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Sabicea velutina Benth. |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Brown |
Simira rubescens (Benth.) Bremek. ex Steyerm. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Sipanea galioides Wernham |
14, 15, 18, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
RUTACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fagara culantrillo (Kunth) Schult. & Schult. f. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Black |
Zanthoxylum aff. caribaeum Lam. |
22, 24 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Coccarium |
Brown |
Black |
Zanthoxylum ciliatum Engl. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Coccarium |
Green |
Brown |
Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Coccarium |
Green |
Black |
Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Agregate of follicle |
Coccarium |
Red |
Black |
SALICACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Casearia guianensis (Aubl.) Urb. |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Orange |
Casearia hirsuta Sw. |
22 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Green |
Brown+ Yellow |
Casearia mollis Kunth |
22, 24 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Red |
Casearia spinescens (Sw.) Griseb. |
2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Brown+ Yellow |
Casearia sylvestris Sw. |
25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Green |
Black+Red |
Hecatostemon completus (Jacq.) Sleumer |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Yellow |
Red |
Prockia flava H. Karst. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
SANTALACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Phoradendron mucronatum (DC.) Krug & Urb. |
1, 5 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
P |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Green |
Phoradendron ottonis Eichler |
1 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
P |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Green |
Phoradendron rubrum (L.) Gris.quadrangulare (Kunth) Griseb. |
1 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
P |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Green |
Phoradendron semivenosum Rizzini |
17 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
P |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Green |
Phoradendron tubulosum Urb. |
1 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
P |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Green |
Thesium tepuiense Steyerm. |
14 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
P |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Green |
SAPINDACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allophylus racemosus Sw. |
22, 24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Beige |
Cardiospermum corindum L. |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septifragal capsule |
Septifragal capsule |
Beige |
White+ Black |
Matayba opaca Radlk. |
15 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Red |
White+ Black |
Matayba tovarensis Radlk. |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Red |
White+ Black |
Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Green |
Beige |
Paullinia cururu L. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
D |
Septifragal capsule |
Septifragal capsule |
Red |
White+ Black |
Paullinia fuscescens Kunth |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
D |
Septifragal capsule |
Septifragal capsule |
Red |
White+ Black |
Paullinia leiocarpa Griseb. |
3 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
D |
Septifragal capsule |
Septifragal capsule |
Red |
Brown |
Serjania atrolineata C. Wright |
2, 22, 24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Samarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Serjania paniculata Kunth |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Samarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Serjania rhombea Radlk. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Samarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Talisia hexaphylla Vahl |
2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Black |
Urvillea ulmacea Kunth |
1, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Samarium |
Brown |
Brown |
SAPOTACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bumelia obtusifolia subesp. auxifolia (Roem. & Schult.) Cronquist |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Elaeoluma schomburgkiana (Miq.) Baill. |
17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Brown |
Black |
SARRACENIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Heliamphora heterodoxa Steyerm. |
15 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
I |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
SCROPHULARIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capraria biflora L. |
1, 5, 9, 11 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Veronica serpyllifolia L. var. humifusa (Dicks.) Vahl |
4 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
SIMAROUBACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Castela erecta Turpin |
9, 11, 12 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Druparium |
Red |
Brown |
SMILACACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Smilax poeppigii Kunth |
6 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Brown |
Smilax cumanensis Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd |
24, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Smilax pittieriana Steyerm. |
3, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Brown |
SOLANACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capsicum rhomboideum (Dunal) Kuntze |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Brown |
Cestrum alternifolium (Jacq.) O.E. Schulz |
1, 24 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Black |
Cestrum bigibbosum Pittier |
6, 7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Cestrum megalophyllum Dunal |
7, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Cestrum microcalyx Francey |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Cestrum potaliifolium Dunal |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Brown |
Cestrum salicifolium Jacq. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Datura inoxia Mill. |
5, 9, 11 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septifragal capsule |
Septifragal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Lycianthes sp. |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Brown |
Lycium nodosum Miers |
5 |
C3 |
S |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Brown |
Nicotiana glauca Graham |
1, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Solanum sect. Maurella |
18 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Solanum americanum Miller |
1, 5, 8 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Solanum asperum Rich. |
6, 7, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Brown |
Solanum bicolor Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. |
23, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Green |
Brown |
Solanum brachycanthum Dunal |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Yellow |
Brown |
Solanum campaniforme Roem. & Schult. |
19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Brown |
Solanum gardneri Sendtn. |
1, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Red |
Brown |
Solanum hazenii Britton |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Green |
Brown |
Solanum mammosum L. |
27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Orange |
Brown |
Solanum ombrophilum S. Knapp |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Green |
Brown |
Solanum stramoniifolium Jacq. |
18, 20 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Berry |
Bacca |
Orange |
Brown |
STYRACACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Styrax pallidus A. DC. |
7, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Brown |
Styrax wurdackiorum Steyerm. |
17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Brown |
SURIANACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Suriana maritima L. |
11, 13 |
C3 |
S |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Agregate of achene |
Achenetum |
Brown |
Brown |
SYMPLOCACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Symplocos suaveolens Klotzsch |
21 |
C3 |
S |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Brown |
TALINACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. |
1 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Green |
Black |
Talinum triangulare (Jaqc.) Willd. |
5 |
CAM |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
THYMELAEACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Daphnopsis americana (Mill.) J.R. Johnst. |
7, 21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Nuculanium |
Green |
Black |
VELLOZIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vellozia tubiflora (A. Rich.) Kunth |
16, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
VERBENACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Citharexylum subthyrsoideum Pittier |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Orange |
Brown |
Lantana achyranthifolia Desf. |
1, 24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Lantana armata Schauer var. Velutina Moldenke |
1, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Lantana camara L. subsp. moritziana (Otto & A. Dietr.) R.W. Sanders |
13, 18, 21, 24 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
HP |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Lantana canescens Kunth |
1, 5, 9 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Nuculanium |
Brown |
Brown |
Lantana caracasana Turcz. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Nuculanium |
Brown |
Brown |
Lantana involucrata L. |
13 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Lantana trifolia L. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Brown |
Lippia oreganoides Kunth |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Sh |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Microbasarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Kunth) Moldenke |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Microbasarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Stachytarpheta cayenensis (Rich.) Vahl |
1, 3 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Microbasarium |
Black |
Brown |
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Microbasarium |
Black |
Brown |
Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl |
1, 2 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Microbasarium |
Black |
Brown |
Stachytarpheta trinitensis Moldenke |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Microbasarium |
Black |
Brown |
Verbena litoralis Kunth |
21 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Camarium |
Brown |
Beige |
VIOLACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hybanthus attenuatus (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.) Schulze-Menz |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Hybanthus calceolaria (L.) Oken |
25 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
D |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
VITACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cissus alata Jaqc. |
24 |
C3 |
S |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Cissus erosa Rich. |
3, 24, 25 |
C3 |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Cissus sicyoides L. |
1, 2, 5 |
CAM |
Ns |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Beige |
Cissus trifoliata (L.) L. |
11-13 |
CAM |
S |
L |
T |
A |
D |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Purple-black |
Beige |
VOCHYSIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vochysia venezuelana Stafleu |
3, 22, 27 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
XIMENIACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ximenia americana L. |
1 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
F |
I |
Drupe |
Drupe |
Yellow |
Brown |
XYRIDACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Abolboda acaulis Maguire |
14, 17 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Abolboda macrostachya var. Robustior Steyerm. |
14 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Orectanthe sceptrum (Oliver) Macguire |
14 |
C3 |
S |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Brown |
Xyris bicephala Gleason |
14, 15 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Xyris fallax Malme |
14 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Xyris involucrata Nees. |
14-16 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Xyris laxifolia Martius var. delta |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Xyris roraimae Malme |
14 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Xyris savanensis Miq. |
26 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Xyris setigera Oliver |
14-17, 19 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Xyris seubertii Nilsson |
16 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Xyris surinamensis Spreng. |
14, 16 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
Xyris uleana Malme |
14, 16 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Brown |
Black |
ZINGIBERACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Renealmia nicolaioides Loes. |
7 |
C3 |
Ns |
Ph |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Loculicidal capsule |
Loculicidal capsule |
Purple-black |
Black+Red |
ZYGOPHILLACEAE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bulnesia arborea (Jacq.) Engl. |
2, 5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Samarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Guaiacum officinale L. |
5 |
C3 |
Ns |
Tr |
T |
A |
M |
D |
D |
Septicidal capsule |
Septicidal capsule |
Yellow |
Brown |
Kallstroemia maxima (L.) Hook. & Arn. |
1, 5 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Camarium |
Brown |
Brown |
Tribulus cistoides L. |
11-13 |
C4 |
Ns |
Ah |
T |
A |
D |
D |
I |
Schizocarp |
Camarium |
Brown |
Brown |