Figure 1.
Map of remaining of Cerrado biome. Red circles represent the localities of the tadpoles used in the present study. Inset map: South America.
Figure 2.
Morphological characteristics used to larval characterizations and in the taxonomic key. Details of a typical tadpole in lateral view, and body shape in dorsal and lateral view.
Figure 3.
Morphological characteristics used to larval characterizations and in the taxonomic key. Details of the nares, spiracle, fins, and tail tips.
Figure 4.
Morphological characteristics used to larval characterizations and in the taxonomic key. Details of the oral disc.
Figure 5.
Tadpoles of Rhinella cerradensis at Stage 37 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc at Stage 34 (scale 2 mm).
Figure 6.
Tadpoles of Rhinella diptycha at Stage 40 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 7.
Tadpoles of Rhinella ornata x Rhinella crucifer at Stage 40 (Gosner 1960)GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.: (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 8.
Tadpoles of Thoropa megatympanum at Stage 36 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 9.
Tadpoles of Thoropa miliaris at Stage 36 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 10.
Tadpoles of Adelphobates galactonotus at Stage 37 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc at Stage 34(scale 2 mm).
Figure 11.
Tadpoles of Ameerega flavopicta at Stage 35 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 12.
Tadpoles of Boana albopunctata at Stage 36 (Gosner 1960): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 13.
Tadpoles of Boana lundii at Stage 36 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 14.
Tadpoles of Boana raniceps at Stage 38 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc at Stage 37 (scale 2 mm).
Figure 15.
Tadpoles of Boana cf. crepitans at Stage 39 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 16.
Tadpoles of Bokermannohyla alvarengai at Stage 35 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 17.
Tadpoles of Bokermannohyla pseudopseudis at Stage 25 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 18.
Tadpoles of Bokermannohyla sapiranga at Stage 25 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 19.
Tadpoles of Dendropsophus minutus at Stage 37 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 20.
Tadpoles of Dendropsophus soaresi at Stage 37 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 21.
Tadpoles of Scinax fuscomarginatus at Stage 35 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 22.
Tadpoles of Scinax fuscovarius at Stage 38 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 23.
Tadpoles of Scinax longilineus at Stage 36 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 24.
Tadpoles of Scinax pombali at Stage 36 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 25.
Tadpoles of Scinax rupestris at Stage 40 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc at Stage 30 (scale 2 mm).
Figure 26.
Tadpoles of Scinax similis at Stage 39 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 27.
Tadpoles of Scinax gr. ruber at Stage 37 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 28.
Tadpoles of Scinax squalirostris at Stage 35 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 29.
Tadpoles of Trachycephalus typhonius at Stage 36 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 30.
Tadpoles of Leptodactylus fuscus at Stage 36 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 31.
Tadpoles of Leptodactylus labyrinthicus at Stage 36 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 32.
Tadpoles of Leptodactylus latrans at Stage 34 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc at Stage 39 (scale 2 mm).
Figure 33.
Tadpoles of Leptodactylus podicipinus at Stage 36 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 34.
Tadpoles of Leptodactylus troglodytes at Stage 37 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 35.
Tadpoles of Physalaemus centralis at Stage 39 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc at Stage 38 (scale 2 mm).
Figure 36.
Tadpoles of Physalaemus cuvieri at Stage 37 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 37.
Tadpoles of Physalaemus marmoratus at Stage 35 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 38.
Tadpoles of Physalaemus nattereri at Stage 36 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 39.
Tadpoles of Chiasmocleis albopunctata at Stage 39 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm). The arrow indicates the spiracle position.
Figure 40.
Tadpoles of Dermatonotus muelleri at Stage 39 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm). The arrow indicates the spiracle position.
Figure 41.
Tadpoles of Elachistocleis cesarii at Stage 38 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm). The arrow indicates the spiracle position.
Figure 42.
Tadpoles of Odontophrynus sp. (cf. juquinha) at Stage 38 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 43.
Tadpoles of Odontophrynus cultripes at Stage 36 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 44.
Tadpoles of Odontophrynus sp. at Stage 32 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 45.
Tadpoles of Proceratophrys boiei at Stage 32 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 46.
Tadpoles of Proceratophrys cururu at Stage 39 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 47.
Tadpoles of Proceratophrys dibernardoi at Stage 37 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc at Stage 30 (scale 2 mm).
Figure 48.
Tadpoles of Proceratophrys salvatori at Stage 40 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc at Stage 39 (scale 2 mm).
Figure 49.
Tadpoles of a Proceratophrys cf. goyana at Stage 36 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 50.
Tadpoles of a Proceratophrys sp. at Stage 36 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc at Stage 33 (scale 2 mm).
Figure 51.
Tadpoles of Pithecopus azureus at Stage 35 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 52.
Tadpoles of Pithecopus oreades at Stage 36 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).
Figure 53.
Tadpoles of Pithecopus sp. at Stage 34 (Gosner 1960GOSNER, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anurans embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190.): (A) lateral, and (B) dorsal view (scale 10 mm), (C) oral disc (scale 2 mm).