Biometry of fruits and diaspores of Cryptocarya aschersoniana Mez and Cryptocarya moschata Nees (Lauraceae)

bn Biota Neotropica Biota Neotrop. 1676-0611 Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade | BIOTA - FAPESP Campinas, SP, Brazil Data of the biometry of fruits and diaspores of Cryptocarya aschersoniana Mez and C. moschata Nees are presented. Fruits were collected from 12 populations of seven different localities of southeast Brazil. Using the logistic regression and the linear discriminant analysis, the species were classified according to the equations generated by these techniques. For entire fruits, the variables length, diameter, surface and volume were selected and accounted for 94.4% of concordance among the associations of expected and observed probabilities. Similarly, the variables length, diameter, surface and volume of diaspores were selected accounting for 88.0% of concordance. Cluster analysis was also performed. Variances within and among plants were observed in fruits and diaspores of both species. All variables were important for discrimination of groups. The three groups obtained either for fruits or diaspores were related with a gradation in their dimensions. Distinct grouping indicates presence of genetic variability within collected material. Additionally, to determine whether there was occurrence of isometry, the allometric relationships between length and diameter in fruits and diaspores were examined. Using the major axis technique, the ln(diameter) on ln(length) for fruits and diaspores were regressed. Fruits of C. aschersoniana tended to show positive allometry, while those of C. moschata tended to present isometry. For diaspores, both species had a tendency towards positive allometry. ARTIGOS Biometria de frutos e diásporos de Cryptocarya aschersoniana Mez e Cryptocarya moschata Nees (Lauraceae) Biometry of fruits and diaspores of Cryptocarya aschersoniana Mez and Cryptocarya moschata Nees (Lauraceae) Pedro Luís Rodrigues de MoraesI, *; Marcelo Corrêa AlvesII IBolsa FAPESP (99/05004-5) de Pós Doutoramento, Laboratório de Melhoramento de Plantas, CENA-USP, Caixa Postal 96, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil. Laboratório de Melhoramento de Plantas, CENA-USP, Caixa Postal 96, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil IISeção Técnica de Informática, ESALQ-USP, Caixa Postal 9, 13401-000, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil SUMMARY Data of the biometry of fruits and diaspores of Cryptocarya aschersoniana Mez and C. moschata Nees are presented. Fruits were collected from 12 populations of seven different localities of southeast Brazil. Using the logistic regression and the linear discriminant analysis, the species were classified according to the equations generated by these techniques. For entire fruits, the variables length, diameter, surface and volume were selected and accounted for 94.4% of concordance among the associations of expected and observed probabilities. Similarly, the variables length, diameter, surface and volume of diaspores were selected accounting for 88.0% of concordance. Cluster analysis was also performed. Variances within and among plants were observed in fruits and diaspores of both species. All variables were important for discrimination of groups. The three groups obtained either for fruits or diaspores were related with a gradation in their dimensions. Distinct grouping indicates presence of genetic variability within collected material. Additionally, to determine whether there was occurrence of isometry, the allometric relationships between length and diameter in fruits and diaspores were examined. Using the major axis technique, the ln(diameter) on ln(length) for fruits and diaspores were regressed. Fruits of C. aschersoniana tended to show positive allometry, while those of C. moschata tended to present isometry. For diaspores, both species had a tendency towards positive allometry. Keywords: - Biometry, allometry, fruit size, fruit shape, major axis regression, cluster. RESUMO Apresentam-se os dados da biometria de frutos e diásporos de Cryptocarya aschersoniana Mez e C. moschata Nees (Lauraceae). Os frutos foram coletados de 12 populações de sete localidades diferentes do sudeste brasileiro. Utilizando-se a regressão logística e a análise de função linear discriminante, as espécies foram classificadas de acordo com as equações geradas por essas técnicas. Para os frutos, as variáveis comprimento, diâmetro, superfície e volume foram selecionadas e apresentaram 94,4% de concordância entre as associações de probabilidades esperadas e observadas. Similarmente, as variáveis comprimento, diâmetro, superfície e volume de diásporos foram selecionadas e apresentaram 88,0% de concordância. Realizou-se análise de agrupamento. Observou-se variabilidade dentro e entre plantas nos frutos e nos diásporos de ambas as espécies. Todas as variáveis foram importantes na discriminação dos grupos. Os três grupos formados tanto para frutos como para diásporos basearam-se numa gradação de suas dimensões. A obtenção de grupos distintos indica presença de variabilidade genética no material coletado. Adicionalmente, examinaram-se as relações alométricas entre o comprimento e o diâmetro de frutos e diásporos para a determinação de ocorrência de isometria. Utilizou-se a técnica do "eixo maior" para a regressão do ln(diâmetro) pelo ln(comprimento) de frutos e diásporos. Os frutos de C. aschersoniana apresentaram tendência à alometria positiva, enquanto que os de C. moschata uma tendência à isometria. Para diásporos, ambas as espécies apresentaram tendência à alometria positiva. Palavras-chave: - Biometria, alometria, tamanho de frutos, forma de frutos, regressão de eixo maior, agrupamento Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF. Full text available only in PDF format. Agradecimentos Ao Instituto Florestal de São Paulo, Instituto de Botânica, Prefeitura Municipal de Campinas e a José Carlos Reis de Magalhães, pela autorização de coleta de material. Referências bibliográficas BERNARDI, L. 1962. Lauraceas. Universidad de Los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Talleres Graficos Universitarios, Merida. CHACON, P., BUSTAMANTE, R. & CAROLINA, H. 1998. The effect of seed size on germination and seedling growth of Cryptocarya alba (Lauraceae) in Chile. Rev. Chilena Hist. Natur. 71:189-197. COE-TEIXEIRA, B. 1965. Lauráceas do Estado de São Paulo - II: Cryptocarya. Arq. Bot. São Paulo 4:3-8. GALETTI, M., PEDRONI, F. & MORELATTO, L.P.C. 1994. 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BR. no Brasil (Lauraceae). Rodriguésia 37:219-237. VATTIMO-GIL, I. 1979. Lauráceas. Flora Ilustrada Catarinense, Itajaí, SC. Recebido em 17 de janeiro de 2002 Revisado em 26 de março de 2002 Aceito em 29 de abril de 2002 * Autor para correspondência: E-mail: [e-mail] BERNARDI, L. 1962. Lauraceas. Universidad de Los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Talleres Graficos Universitarios, Merida. Lauraceas 1962 BERNARDI L. CHACON, P., BUSTAMANTE, R. & CAROLINA, H. 1998. The effect of seed size on germination and seedling growth of Cryptocarya alba (Lauraceae) in Chile. Rev. Chilena Hist. Natur. 71:189-197. The effect of seed size on germination and seedling growth of Cryptocarya alba (Lauraceae) in Chile Rev. Chilena Hist. Natur 1998 189 197 71 CHACON P. BUSTAMANTE R. CAROLINA H. COE-TEIXEIRA, B. 1965. Lauráceas do Estado de São Paulo - II: Cryptocarya. Arq. Bot. São Paulo 4:3-8. Lauráceas do Estado de São Paulo - II: Cryptocarya Arq. Bot. São Paulo 1965 3 8 4 COE-TEIXEIRA B. 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The allometry equation in the analysis of the standard oxygen consumption and body weight of the white rat Biometrics 1971 841 855 27 JOLICOUER P. HEUSNER A.A. JOLY, C.A., AIDAR, M.P.M., KLINK, C.A., McGRATH, D.G., MOREIRA, A. G., MOUTINHO, P., NEPSTAD, D.C., OLIVEIRA, A.A., POTT, A., RODAL, M.J.N. & SAMPAIO, E.V.S.B. 1999. Evolution of the Brazilian phytogeography classification systems: implications for biodiversity conservation. Ciência e Cultura 51:331-348. ( Http://www.unicamp.br/ib/botanica/CCultura1.htm) JORDANO, Evolution of the Brazilian phytogeography classification systems: implications for biodiversity conservation Ciência e Cultura 1999 331 348 51 JOLY C.A. AIDAR M.P.M. KLINK C.A. McGRATH D.G. MOREIRA A. G. MOUTINHO P. NEPSTAD D.C. OLIVEIRA A.A. POTT A. RODAL M.J.N. SAMPAIO E.V.S.B P. 1995. Angiosperm fleshy fruits and seed dispersers: a comparative analysis of adaptation and constraints in plant-animal interactions. Am. Nat. 145:163-191. Angiosperm fleshy fruits and seed dispersers: a comparative analysis of adaptation and constraints in plant-animal interactions Am. Nat. 1995 163 191 145 JORDANO P. KOSTERMANS, A.J.G.H. 1937. Revision of the Lauraceae II. The genera Endlicheria, Cryptocarya (american species) and Licaria. Med. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijk. Univ. Utrecht 42:500-609. Revision of the Lauraceae II. The genera Endlicheria, Cryptocarya (american species) and Licaria Med. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijk. Univ. Utrecht 1937 500 609 42 KOSTERMANS A.J.G.H. KOSTERMANS, A.J.G.H. 1938. Revision of the Lauraceae III. The genera Aiouea, Systemonodaphne, Urbanodendron, Mezilaurus; additions and corrections to Licaria and Cryptocarya. Recueil. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 35:56-129. Revision of the Lauraceae III. The genera Aiouea, Systemonodaphne, Urbanodendron, Mezilaurus; additions and corrections to Licaria and Cryptocarya Recueil. Trav. Bot. Néerl 1938 56 129 35 KOSTERMANS A.J.G.H. KUHLMANN, M. 1975. Adenda alimentar dos bugios. Silvic. S. Paulo 9:57-62. Adenda alimentar dos bugios Silvic. S. Paulo 1975 57 62 9 KUHLMANN M. LABARBERA, M. 1989. Analyzing body size as a factor in ecology and evolution. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 20:97-117. Analyzing body size as a factor in ecology and evolution Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst 1989 97 117 20 LABARBERA M. MAZER, S.J. & WHEELWRIGHT, N.T. 1993. Fruit size and shape: allometry at different taxonomic levels in bird-dispersed plants. Evol. Ecol. 7:556-575. Fruit size and shape: allometry at different taxonomic levels in bird-dispersed plants Evol. Ecol 1993 556 575 7 MAZER S.J. WHEELWRIGHT N.T. MEZ, C. 1889. Lauraceae americanae. Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5:1-556. Lauraceae americanae Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. 1889 1 556 5 MEZ C. MORAES, P.L.R. & ALVES, M.C. 1997. Biometria de frutos e sementes de Cryptocarya moschata Nees, Ocotea catharinensis Mez e Endlicheria paniculata (Sprengel) MacBride (Lauraceae). Bol. Mus. Biol. Mello Leitão (N. Sér.) 6:23-34. 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Morfologia de frutos e sementes de Cryptocarya moschata Nees & Martius ex Nees, Endlicheria paniculata (Sprengel) MacBride, e Ocotea catharinensis Mez (Lauraceae) Rev. Brasil. Sementes 1996 17 27 18 MORAES P.L.R. PAOLI A.A.S. MORAES, P.L.R. & PAOLI, A.A.S. 1999. Morfologia e estabelecimento de plântulas de Cryptocarya moschata Nees, Ocotea catharinensis Mez e Endlicheria paniculata (Spreng.) MacBride - Lauraceae. Rev. Bras. Bot. 22(Supl.2):287-295. (http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-84041999000500010&lng=en&nrm=iso) Morfologia e estabelecimento de plântulas de Cryptocarya moschata Nees, Ocotea catharinensis Mez e Endlicheria paniculata (Spreng.) MacBride - Lauraceae Rev. Bras. Bot 1999 287 295 22 MORAES P.L.R. PAOLI A.A.S. RICHTER, H.G. 1981. Anatomie des sekundären Xylems und der Rinde der Lauraceae. Sonderb. Naturwiss. Vereins, Hamburg 5:1-148. Anatomie des sekundären Xylems und der Rinde der Lauraceae 1981 1 148 5 RICHTER H.G. ROHWER, J.G. 1993a. Lauraceae: Nectandra. Flora Neotropica 60:1-332. Lauraceae: Nectandra Flora Neotropica 1993 1 332 60 ROHWER J.G. ROHWER, J.G. 1993b. Lauraceae. In The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, v.2. (K. Kubitzki, J.G. Rohwer & V. Bittrich, eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p.366-391. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants 1993 366 391 2 ROHWER J.G. (K. Kubitzki, J.G. Rohwer & V. Bittrich, eds.) SANO, S.M., VIVALDI, L.J. & SPEHAR, C.R. 1999. Diversidade morfológica de frutos e sementes de baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.). Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 34:513-518. Diversidade morfológica de frutos e sementes de baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 1999 513 518 34 SANO S.M. VIVALDI L.J. SPEHAR C.R. SAS INSTITUTE. 1989. SAS/STAT® user's guide. Version 6, 4th. ed., v. 1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C. SAS/STAT® user's guide 1989 1 Version 6 SOKAL, R.R. & ROHLF, F.J. 1995. Biometry. 3ed. W.H. Freeman & Co., New York. Biometry 1995 SOKAL R.R. ROHLF F.J. TURRELL, F.M. 1946. 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