Rhopalurus guanambiensis n. sp. is described from Guanambi, state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. The new species is related to R. lacrau Lourenço & Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997 (Itaeté, state of Bahia) by having the same number of oblique rows of granules on the movable finger of the pedipalpal chela, same number of keels on metasomal segments I, III, IV, V and similar body size; it is related to R. crassicauda Di Caporiacco, 1947 (state of Roraima) by having the same number of keels on metasomal segments I, II, IV and V, last two metasomal segments darker colored and enlarged, and similar body size. It is distinguished from R. lacrau by the different color of the carapace, meso and metasomal segments IV-V, higher number of pectinal teeth and metasomal segment II with ten carinae; and from R. crassicauda by the lower number of oblique rows of granules on the movable finger of the pedipalp chela, metasomal segment III with eight carinae; segment V with vestigial keels and by the telson with a strong subaculear tubercle. The males of R. guanambiensis are distinguished from the female by having more robust pedipalp chelae and by the enlarged metasomal segments IV and V. This species raises the total number of species of the genus Rhopalurus in Brazil to nine.
Scorpiones; Buthidae; Rhopalurus guanambiensis n. sp.; Northeastern; Brazil
