<i>Eunotia</i> (Bacillariophyceae) from a subtropical stream adjacent to Iguaçu National Park, Brazil, with the proposition of a new species

Favaretto, Cinthia Coutinho Rosa; Tremarin, Priscila Izabel; Medeiros, Gabriela; Ludwig, Thelma Alvim Veiga; Bueno, Norma Catarina

doi:10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2019-0811

Cinthia Coutinho Rosa Favaretto

Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Cascavel, PR, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7468-6891

Priscila Izabel Tremarin

Acqua Diagnósticos Ambientais Ltda., Rua Lourenço Volpi, 82640-440, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0318-8331

Gabriela Medeiros

Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Cascavel, PR, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5444-3064

Thelma Alvim Veiga Ludwig ^**Corresponding author: Thelma Alvim Veiga Ludwig, e-mail: veiga13ufpr@gmail.com

Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Botânica, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0576-3499

Norma Catarina Bueno

Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Cascavel, PR, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6939-9222

*Corresponding author: Thelma Alvim Veiga Ludwig, e-mail: veiga13ufpr@gmail.com

Author Contributions

Norma Bueno: contributed in the concept and design of the study.

Cinthia Favaretto: contributed in the data collections.

Cinthia Favaretto, Priscila Tremarin, Thelma Ludwig, Gabriela Medeiros, Norma Bueno: contributed to data analysis and interpretation; critical revision and manuscript preparation, all adding intellectual content.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest related to the publication of this manuscript.

UNOPA	Sampling date	Geographic coordinates	Collector
3943	20/IX/2012	25º28'36.3"S 54º19'40.9"W	Servat, L.C
3962	29/X/2012	25º28'36.3"S 54º19'40.9"W	Servat, L.C
3976	13/XI/2012	25º28'36.3"S 54º19'40.9"W	Servat, L.C
4035	18/XII/2012	25º28'36.3"S 54º19'40.9"W	Servat, L.C
4044	15/I/2013	25º28'36.3"S 54º19'40.9"W	Servat, L.C
4057	06/II/2013	25º28'36.3"S 54º19'40.9"W	Servat, L.C
4081	11/III/2013	25º28'36.3"S 54º19'40.9"W	Servat, L.C
4093	04/IV/2013	25º28'36.3"S 54º19'40.9"W	Servat, L.C
4102	09/V/2013	25º28'36.3"S 54º19'40.9"W	Servat, L.C
4116	06/VI/2013	25º28'36.3"S 54º19'40.9"W	Servat, L.C
4126	16/VII/2013	25º28'36.3"S 54º19'40.9"W	Servat, L.C
4136	12/VIII/2013	25º28'36.3"S 54º19'40.9"W	Servat, L.C

Feature	E. caniculoides	E. canicula	E. intricans	E. sioliopsis
Length (µm)	30‒58.5	20‒35² 2 Furey et al. (2011)	17‒48¹ 1 Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin (2009)	20‒40⁴ 4 Moser et al. (1998)
		23.2‒25³ 3 Fontana & Bicudo (2012)
Width (µm)	3.5‒4.9	3.5‒4.0² 2 Furey et al. (2011)	4‒5¹ 1 Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin (2009)	3.5‒4.5⁴ 4 Moser et al. (1998)
		3.5‒5.2³ 3 Fontana & Bicudo (2012)
Striae in 10 µm	10‒14 (center)	14‒15² 2 Furey et al. (2011) (center)	11‒13 (center)¹ 1 Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin (2009)	16‒17 (center)⁴ 4 Moser et al. (1998)
	13-14 (ends)	16‒22³ 3 Fontana & Bicudo (2012) (center)	18 (ends)¹ 1 Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin (2009)	18 (ends)¹ 1 Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin (2009)
Areolar density in the central area in 10 µm	38‒40	> 35² 2 Furey et al. (2011)	39‒42¹ 1 Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin (2009)	Up to 30⁴ 4 Moser et al. (1998)
Valve symmetry	Dorsal margin slightly convex, almost straight in the larger valves; ventral margin straight to subtly concave	Dorsal margin convex, ventral margin straight to slightly concave, with valve mantle thickened at the proximal raphe ends² 2 Furey et al. (2011) 3 Fontana & Bicudo (2012)	Dorsal margin moderately convex to almost straight in the longer valves; ventral margin straight or almost straight¹ 1 Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin (2009)	Dorsal margin convex; ventral margin straight to slightly concave, with valve mantle thickened at the proximal raphe end⁴ 4 Moser et al. (1998)
		Dorsal margin convex, ventral margin concave³ 3 Fontana & Bicudo (2012)
Valve apices	Apices acutely rounded, nose-like, quite protracted, differentiated from the main body and deflected to the ventral side	Apices acutely rounded, tapered, subrostrate, slightly delimited by a change in the slope of the dorsal margin, appearing nose-like² 2 Furey et al. (2011)	Apices rounded, shortly nose-like, not flexed to the ventral side¹ 1 Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin (2009)	Apices rounded, nose-like, deflected to the ventral side⁴ 4 Moser et al. (1998)
Rimoportula	At one end, at the center of the apex	At one end, at the center of the apex² 2 Furey et al. (2011)	At one end, at the center of the apex¹ 1 Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin (2009)	No described

	UNOPA	3943	3962	3976	4035	4044	4057	4081	4093	4102	4116	4126	4136
	Sampling date	20/IX/2012	29/X/2012	13/XI/2012	18/XII/2012	15/I/2013	06/II/2013	11/III/2013	04/IV/2013	09/V/2013	06/VI/2013	16/VII/2013	12/VIII/2013
Occurrence in samples
Eunotia ambivalens			x		x				x	x	x	x	x
Eunotia bilunaris		x	x					x	x		x	x	x
Eunotia botulitropica		x	x					x	x		x	x	x
Eunotia caniculoides		x	x			x		x	x	x	x	x	x
Eunotia desmogonioides				x						x	x		x
Eunotia georgii			x
Eunotia guianensis		x		x	x				x
Eunotia juettnerae		x		x	x				x		x	x
Eunotia karenae		x	x				x		x	x		x
Eunotia longicamelus		x	x	x	x	x			x	x	x	x	x
Eunotia meridiana		x	x			x			x		x		x
Eunotia minor		x	x		x				x
Eunotia monodon		x				x		x	x	x		x
Eunotia pileus		x	x	x		x	x			x	x	x
Eunotia pseudosudetica var. pseudosudetica		x	x		x				x		x
Eunotia pseudosudetica var. rotundata		x	x	x					x		x		x
Eunotia rabenhorstii var. monodon		x	x	x			x	x			x	x	x
Eunotia rabenhorstii var. triodon		x	x	x			x	x	x		x	x	x
Eunotia sedina		x	x					x	x	x	x	x	x
Eunotia tropico-arcus									x		x	x
Eunotia yanomami							x			x		x
Riches of Eunotia species		16	15	8	6	5	5	7	16	9	15	14	11
Ecological data
Water Temperature (°C)		19.39	22.46	23.58	25.38	24.07	23.26	23.32	22.12	15.39	16.93	17.07	13.46
Conductivity (ms.cm^-1)		0.025	0.023	0.031	0.03	0.012	0.025	0.022	0.018	0.017	0.018	0.019	0.020
pH		6.14	5.41	5.6	6.5	6.21	5.08	6.56	6.33	8.1	6.73	7.69	5.74
Turbidity (NTU)		3.74	4.29	14.5	9.36	7.59	5.77	1.42	2.61	0.76	2.11	1.37	1.17
Dissolved oxygen (mg.L^-1)		11.05	0.09	1.49	1.44	4.43	2.56	3.29	11.88	16.49	22.89	9.83	5.85
Ammoniac nitrogen (mg.L^-1)		0.1405	0.183	0.138	0.218	0.178	0.3105	0.373	0.223	0.018	0.0755	0.058	0.0605
Nitrite (mg.L^-1)		0.0028	0.0026	0.0117	0.0026	0.0096	0.0053	0.0001	0.0001	0.0008	0.0005	0.0008	0.00001
Nitrate (mg.L^-1)		0.3775	0.365	0.22125	0.12125	0.115	0.15875	0.1025	0.07125	0.09	0.05875	0.1025	0.115
Total phosphorous (mg.L^-1)		0.0198	0.0523	0.019	0.0048	0.0157	0.0157	0.0123	0.0115	0.009	0.0065	0.004	0.0057
Orthophosphate (mg.L^-1)		0.0057	0.054	0.004	0.0073	0.0065	0.0115	0.0082	0.0057	0.0065	0.0057	0.009	0.0032
Environmental data
Depth (m)		0.16	0.21	0.17	0.18	0.24	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.20	0.22	0.27	0.23
Flow (m³.s^-1)		0.16	0.20	0.19	0.18	0.37	0.26	0.35	0.27	0.24	0.24	0.37	0.23
Weekly precipitation (mm)		21.4	77.6	15.8	63	0	64.2	84.4	32.2	53.2	23.4	0	0

[1] *Corresponding author: Thelma Alvim Veiga Ludwig, e-mail: veiga13ufpr@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae) from a subtropical stream adjacent to Iguaçu National Park, Brazil, with the proposition of a new species

Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae) de um riacho subtropical adjacente ao Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Brasil, com a proposta de uma espécie nova

Abstract: