Little is known about the ichthyofauna from South American coastal plain, specially concerning the Mata Atlântica (Atlantic Forest) rivers and streams, as there are regions little explored which may have non-described or rare species. An example is the Parque das Neblinas, a Natural Patrimony Private Reserve (RPPN) in the Bertioga municipality, São Paulo state, where no ichthyofaunal study had been done before. The park's hydrography is made up by the rio Itatinga with its various tributary streams, which flow into the Itapanhaú river basin. Nine sites were sampled using sieves, seines and gill nets; 1,086 specimens of seven species, three orders and five families were captured. The most representative species were Astyanax paranae, Phalloceros caudimaculatus, and Coptobrycon bilineatus. Four of those collected are on the Brazilian list of endangered species: Coptobrycon bilineatus, Glandulocauda melanogenys, Pseudotocinclus tietensis, and Taunaya bifasciata; one, Trichomycterus sp., has an undefined taxonomic status, possibly being a non-described species. The richness of species found in the upper part of the rio Itatinga is typical of the Mata Atlântica headwaters, which can also be due to headwater capture of part of the upper rio Tietê. This is the first record of Coptobrycon bilineatus in the coastal drainage, hitherto restricted to the upper Paraná river system. The distribution of Taunaya bifasciata and Pseudotocinclus tietensis is also extended. The fauna sharing found here confirms the biogeographical common history hypothesis among southeastern coastal and Brazilian Shield drainages.
endangered species; fauna sharing; conservation; coastal river; fauna inventory; southeastern Brazil
