Diversity and distribution of riffle beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Elmidae) in montane rivers of Southern Brazil

Braun, Bruna Marmitt; Salvarrey, Andrea Vanesa Batalla; Kotzian, Carla Bender; Spies, Marcia Regina; Pires, Mateus Marques

doi:10.1590/1676-060320140615183046

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Article • Biota neotrop. 14 (2) • April-June 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-060320140615183046 copy

Diversity and distribution of riffle beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Elmidae) in montane rivers of Southern Brazil

Diversidade e distribuição de comunidades de Elmidae (Coleoptera) em rios montanhosos do sul do Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The diversity and spatio-temporal distribution of Elmidae (Coleoptera) assemblages in montane rivers and streams of southernmost Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul state) were studied. Six genera were found, represented mostly by larval specimens. Austrolimnius and Macrelmis are new occurrences in the region. Assemblages’ genera composition and dominance were related to the presence of the macrophyte Podostemum. Also, water temperature and stream depth and velocity were the most important drivers related to the assemblages’ distribution. Richness and abundance were positively related to high water velocity and negatively to stream depth. Temporal patterns were detected especially in assemblage abundance, yet a slight pattern in richness was also observed. The seasonal structure was related to warm temperatures, but temporal distribution of Elmidae assemblages appears to be related to the dominant genera life cycles. The studied area shows an overall Elmidae richness similar to that found in some tropical areas and the role of mountainous environments in sustaining high rates of regional diversity in the Neotropics is stated.

aquatic insects; streams; Neotropical region

insetos aquáticos; riachos; região Neotropical

Sites	Rivers	Altitude (m)	Order	Width (m)	Grain Size (%)	Site description
1	Rio Carijinho	92	4th	8	Boulder: 54.9 Cobble: 33.9 Gravel: 7.8	arboreous vegetation in one bank; little shading;Podostemum sp. present
2	Lajeado da Gringa	107	3rd	6	Boulder: 48 Cobble: 49 Gravel: 1.1	shrubby vegetation in one bank; no shading;Podostemum sp. present
3	Lajeado do Gringo	140	4th	5	Boulder: 35.8 Cobble: 49.5 Gravel: 6.8	arboreous vegetation in one bank; little shading
4	Rio Jacuí;	57	7th	200	Boulder: 30.1 Cobble: 66.6 Gravel: 2.1	little arboreous vegetation; little shading; stony bottom; anthropogenic influence
5	Rio Carijinho	95	4th	8	Boulder: 15.8 Cobble: 57.1 Gravel: 22.2	arboreous vegetation in one bank
6	Lajeado do Tigre	140	1st	3	Boulder: 44.7 Cobble: 52.1 Gravel: 0.62	well preserved riparian;much shading
7	Lajeado do Tigre	107	2nd	6	Boulder: 0 Cobble: 68.1 Gravel: 20.7	arboreous vegetation in one bank; one bank shaded
8	Lajeado do Tigre	107	2nd	5	Boulder: 50 Cobble: 36.8 Gravel: 7.8	arboreous vegetation in one bank; onde bank shaded
9	Lajeado da Gringa	152	3rd	13,5	Boulder: 66.8 Cobble: 30.6 Gravel: 0.4	arboreous vegetation in one bank; no shading
10	Lajeado do Gringo	140	4th	9	Boulder: 26.3 Cobble: 56.1 Gravel: 10.5	arboreous vegetation in one bank; little shading

Sites	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Genera	l	(a)	l	(a)	l	(a)	l	(a)	l	(a)	l	(a)	l	(a)	l	(a)	l	(a)	l	(a)
Austrolimnius				(x)
Heterelmis	x		x		x		x		x								x		x
Hexacylloepus	x	(x)	x	(x)			x		x			(x)		(x)		(x)	x	(x)	x
Macrelmis			x		x	(x)											x		x
Neoelmis	x	(x)	x	(x)	x	(x)	x		x								x	(x)	x	(x)
Phanocerus																	x		x
Stegoelmis	x		x		x					(x)	x						x		x

Sites	1		2		3		4		TOTAL
Genera	l	a	l	a	l	a	l	a	l	a	l+a
Heterelmis	25	0	92	0	24	0	1	0	142	0	142
Hexacylloepus	2	0	6	13	0	13	0	1	8	27	35
Macrelmis	0	0	31	0	13	0	0	0	44	0	44
Neoelmis	36	1	208	43	81	4	3	0	328	48	376
Phanocerus	0	0	3	0	1	0	0	0	4	0	4
Stegoelmis	26	0	35	0	15	0	0	0	76	0	76
N	89	1	375	56	134	17	4	1	622	75	697
S	4	1	6	2	5	2	2	1	7	2	7

Sites	1		2
Descriptor	N	S	N	S
Mean vector (μ)	134.05°	78.43°	90.62°	69.40°
Circular standard deviation	52.75°	86.51°	98.19°	101.83°
Average vector length (r)	0.65	0.32	0.23	0.21
Rayleigh Test (Z)	38.56	1.02	23.91	1.40
Rayleigh Test (p)	<0.01	0.37	<0.01	0.25

Sites	3		4
Descriptor	N	S	N	S
Mean vector (μ)	109.20°	118.41°	116.56°	281.56°
Circular standard deviation	48.06°	63.31°	72.17°	72.17°
Average vector length (r)	0.70	0.54	0.45	0.45
Rayleigh Test (Z)	74.21	5.31	1.02	1.02
Rayleigh Test (p)	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.38

	Axis 1	Axis 2	Axis 3	Axis 4	Total variance
Eigenvalues	0.25	0.05	0.01	0.25	0.94
Taxon-environment relation	0.75	0.56	0.28	0
Cumulative variance percentage of the data of taxa	26.5	32.1	32.9	59.8
Taxon-environment relationship	80.5	97.6	100	0
Total sum of the eigenvalues					0.94
Total sum of canonical eigenvalues					0.31

Environmental factors	Axis 1	Axis 2
WT	0.3425	0.4841
WD	-0.4914	0.0933
WV	0.5292	-0.2545

Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade | BIOTA - FAPESP Departamento de Biologia Vegetal - Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP CP 6109, 13083-970 - Campinas/SP, Tel.: (+55 19) 3521-6166, Fax: (+55 19) 3521-6168 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: contato@biotaneotropica.org.br

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[1] 5Corresponding author: Mateus Marques Pires, e-mail:marquespiresm@gmail.com