Leguminosae-papilionoideae from the parque estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

Papilionoideae do Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

ARTICLES

Leguminosae-papilionoideae from the parque estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil^*

Papilionoideae do Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

Rafael Brune Caboco^I,**; Thiago Prates Rolim^II; Ângela Lúcia Bagnatori Sartori^III; Alan Sciamarelli^IV

^IPrograma de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia - DBI, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - CCBS, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Cidade Universitária, CP 549, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil. http://dbi.ufms.br

^IIFaculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - FCBA, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rod. Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brasil. http://www.ufgd.edu/fcba

^IIIDepartamento de Biologia - DBI, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - CCBS, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Cidade Universitária, CEP 79070-900, CP 549, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil. http://dbi.ufms.br

^IVDepartamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rod Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brasil. http://www.ufgd.edu/fcba

ABSTRACT

This study aims to evaluate the richness of the Papilionoideae species found in the Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema (PEVRI), which is located in the southeast region of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and investigate if the habits of this Leguminosae group vary in different formations of the park. Monthly collections, including all habits, were made by walking along pre-established trails, from September 2004 to September 2009. The PEVRI includes Seasonal Semideciduous Forest, Seasonal Alluvial Semideciduous Forest and fields. Twenty-three species distributed in 16 genera and 5 tribes were recorded. Phaseoleae was noted with 7 genera, followed by Dalbergieae with 6 genera and Desmodieae, Indigofereae and Crotalarieae with only 1 genus in each species. Among the 16 recorded genera, Crotalaria L. (4), Aeschynomene L. (3), Desmodium Desv., and Vigna Savi (2) were the most representative. The Papilionoideae with herbaceous and subshrub habits were predominant in humid and pastures, while arboreous species and lianas were recorded in the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. Nine species of Papilionoideae were recorded in humid grasslands, eight species in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest, and only one in Alluvial Semideciduous Forest. Papilionoideae found in the PEVRI have also been recorded in cerrado, Seasonal Semideciduous Forest and Pantanal, except Andira inermis, which does not present a reference for Seasonal Alluvial Semideciduous Forest.

Keywords:fabaceae, leguminosae, floristic, Central-Western region, Brazil.

RESUMO

Este estudo consiste no inventário das Leguminosae-Papilionoideae do Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema (PEVRI), localizado ao sudeste de Mato Grosso do Sul e na investigação do hábito predominante das espécies nas diferentes formações do parque. As coletas incluindo todos os hábitos foram realizadas por meio de caminhadas, entre setembro de 2004 a setembro de 2009. O PEVRI agrega remanescentes de Floresta Estacional Semidecídua, de Floresta Estacional Semidecídua Aluvial e de campos. Foram registradas 23 espécies reunidas em 16 gêneros e 5 tribos com destaque para Phaseoleae com 7 gêneros, seguida por Dalbergieae com 6 gêneros e Desmodieae, Indigofereae e Crotalarieae representadas por 1 gênero cada. Dentre os 16 gêneros registrados destacaram-se como mais representativos: Crotalaria L. (4), Aeschynomene L. (3), Desmodium Desv. e Vigna Savi (2). As Papilionoideae herbáceas e subarbustivas predominaram em campo úmido e campo com pastagens, as arbóreas e lianas em Floresta Estacional Semidecídua. Nove espécies de Papilionoideae foram registradas em campo úmido, oito em Floresta Estacional Semidecídua e apenas uma em Floresta Estacional Semidecídua Aluvial. As Papilionoideae do PEVRI também foram registradas em outros estudos no Cerrado, Floresta Estacional Semidecídua e Pantanal, exceto Andira inermis, sem registros para a Floresta Semidecídua Aluvial.

Palavras-Chave:fabaceae, leguminosae, florística, região Centro Oeste, Brasil.

Introduction

Leguminosae Adans., the third largest eudicotyledon family in the world (Lewis et al. 2005) and the first in Brazil (Forzza et al. 2010), mainly occurs in tropical and subtropical regions with approximately 727 genera and 19.325 species (Lewis et al. 2005). About 2.694 native species occur in Brazil, and they are distributed among 210 genera (Lima et al. 2010). This family is important to the economy, as well as to ecological studies, and many their representatives are capable of developing nodules with N₂-fixing bacteria, while others have the potential to be used in agro forestry systems, thus having implications for the recovery of degraded areas and the maintenance of soil sustainability (Herrera et al. 1993, Franco & Faria 1997). In taxonomic terms, the subfamilies Papilionoideae and Mimosoideae are supported as monophyletic but they are sheltered in the Caesalpinioideae a subfamily which is paraphiletic (Queiroz 2009).

The Papilionoideae comprises about 13.800 species widely distributed in tropical forests in arid and cold regions (Lewis et al. 2005). In Mato Grosso do Sul, the members of this subfamily are considered important components from many plant communities, occurring in several regions and in such different formations as Planalto Residual do Urucum (Damasceno-Junior unpublished data), semideciduous forest (Sciamarelli, unpublished data), Cerrado (Pott & Pott 1994) and Chaco (Noguchi et al. 2009). Some inventories in Mato Grosso do Sul are specifically referred to Aeschynomene (Lima et al. 2006), Desmodium (Nobre et al. 2008), Machaerium (Polido & Sartori 2007, 2011) and Stylosanthes (Costas et al. 2008), but, so far, no study has specifically focused on all members of Papilionoideae occurring in a same area.

The present study aims (i) to evaluate the species richness of Papilionoideae in Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema (PEVRI), (ii) investigate the variation of the habits of this group in different formations of the park, and (iii) supply the key identification, descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic comments and information about the geographical distribution.

Material and Methods

1. Study area

The PEVRI is located in Mato Grosso do Sul, between Iguatemi and Nova Andradina micro-regions, and comprises Naviraí, Jatei and Taquarussu municipalities (Figure 1). It covers an area of 73,315 ha, (22º 55' 14.8" S and 53º 39' 13.1" W) at 300 m mean altitude (Mato Grosso do Sul 2001). The climate is Cwa with dry winters and rainy summers (Köppen 1948). The average annual temperature is 22 ºC, and the rainfall varies from 1400 to 1700 mm. November, December and January are the wettest months (Oliveira & Luzardo 2000).

The Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema (PEVRI) is the only one located in the Paraná basin, which is located in the southeast region of the state. The PEVRI woods belong to the Atlantic Forest, and, according to Veloso et al. (1991), it may be divided into Seasonal Alluvial Semideciduous Forest, which are mixed with humid grasslands, riparian forests and secondary formation. There is also some areas represented by Cerrado (Campos & Souza 1997).

2. Collection and analysis of the botanical material

The collections were carried out from monthly April 2004 to September 2006, bimonthly July 2008 to September 2009, through non-systematic walks. During the collections, the general aspect of the plant, habitat, morphology and geographical coordinates were obtained.

The collected materials were deposited in the Herbarium CGMS of the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, and the duplicate were donated to the Herbarium of Dourados at UFGD/UEMS/Unigran/Anhanguera and to the Herbarium UEC at the Universidade Estadual de Campinas. The identification of specimens was achieved using taxonomic literature, experts consultation, comparisons with other herbaria material and photographic analysis of the types. When necessary morphological information was achieved using specific literature sources.

To describe the types of habit, the terminology from Guedes-Bruni et al. (2002) was adopted with some modifications, as follows: herbs, non-woody plants up to 50 cm height; subshrubs, i.e., erect plants with ramifications near the soil and whose branches are partially lignified; shrubs, i.e., ramified plants 1m in height and with woody branches; vines, defined as plants with pliable, non-woody branches that use trees or bushes for support; and lianas, i.e., various long-stemmed, woody vines, and trees which were considered as plants due to their branches are near the apex, forming a woody shaft. The terminology used to describe the vegetative and reproductive structures followed Radford et al. (1974), Harris & Harris (1994) and Barroso et al. (1999).

The taxonomic treatment was based on Lewis et al. (2005). The key and the descriptions were based on morphological variations found in individuals that were in the PEVRI. The illustrations were based on the collected material, and the floral parts were moisturized and drawn with a stereomicroscope. The classification of the biomes followed the Ministério do Meio Ambiente do Brazil (Brasil 2011).

Results

Overal, 23 species of Papilionoideae where recorded in the PEVRI (Table 1) distributed in 16 genera and five tribes. Phaseoleae was the most representative with 7 genera (Abrus Adans, Canavalia DC., Collaea (Loisel.) DC., Dioclea Kunth, Eriosema (DC.) Desv., Galactia P. Browne and Vigna Savi.), followed by Dalbergieae with 6 genera (Aeschynomene L., Andira Juss., Machaerium Pers., Platypodium Vogel, Stylosanthes SW., and Zornia J.F. Gmel.) and Desmodieae (Desmodium Desv.), Indigofereae (Indigofera L.) and Crotalarieae (Crotalaria L.) with one genus each.

The most representative genera were Crotalaria with four species, Aeschynomene with three species, Desmodium and Vigna with two species each, followed by Abrus, Andira, Canavalia, Collaea, Dioclea, Eriosema, Galactia, Indigofera, Machaerium, Platypodium, Stylosanthes and Zornia with one species each. The herbaceous habit occurred in six representatives, followed by subshrub and herbaceous in four, arboreous and climbing habit in three, liana in two and shrub in only one.

The predominance of herbaceous and subshrub species in open areas of the pasture and humid grasslands found in the PEVRI is equal to that of identical species widely distributed in Brazil. All the species of Papilionoideae found in the PEVRI have also been recorded in Cerrado, Seasonal Semideciduous Forest and Pantanal, except Andira inermis, which does not present a reference for Alluvial Semideciduous Forest and Collaea speciosa with no record in Pantanal.

1. Identification key for Papilionoideae species from PEVRI

1. Branch with leaves uni-, bi- or trifoliolate .....................................................2 1'. Branch with leaves plurifoliolate ................................................................16 2. Leaves 1-2-foliolate .................................................................................3 2'. Leaves 1-3-foliolate .................................................................................4 3. Leaves 1-foliolate, the stem winged, absence of geminated bracteoles ................ ...................................................................................11. Crotalaria stipularia 3. Leaves 1-foliolate, the stem winged, absence of geminated bracteoles ............... ...................................................................................11. Crotalaria stipularia 3'. Leaves 2-foliolate, stem without a wing, presence of two geminated bracteoles which involves each flower .....................................................23. Zornia latifolia 4. Lianas or vines ........................................................................................5 4'. Shrubs, subshrubs or herbs .......................................................................8 5. Lianas, inflorescence in panicle ..........................................14. Dioclea burkatti 5'. Vines, inflorescence in raceme ...................................................................6 6. Stigma lateral, with a decurrent extension ...........................21. Vigna lasiocarpa 6'. Stigma terminal, without a decurrent extension .............................................7 7. Inflorescence racemose with 4-18 flora; legume 5-6 cm long, 6-9-seeded ......... ........................................................................................16. Galactia striata 7'. Inflorescence racemose with 4-6 flora; legume 10.5 cm long, 12-seeded ........... ...........................................................................6. Canavalia mattogrossensis 8. Fruit type legume ....................................................................................9 8'. Fruit type loment ..................................................................................14 9. Legume with ovate seeds ........................................................................10 9'. Legume with reniform seeds .....................................................................11 10. Legume up to 1.7 cm long, 2-seeded .15. Eriosema platycarpon ....................... 10'. Legume longer than 2 cm, 8-20-seeded ....................................................13 11. Leaflets elliptical to lanceolate, longer than 5 cm ............8. Crotalaria lanceolata 11'. Leaflets elliptical to oblong, shorter than 5 cm ...........................................12 12. Legume puberulent, 12-seeded ................................9. Crotalaria maypurensis 12'. Legume tomentose, 28-30-seeded .................................10. Crotalaria micans 13. Inflorescence 2-flora calyx 5-laciniate, corolla yellow ............22. Vigna longifolia 13'.Inflorescence 4-flora, calyx 4-laciniate, corolla red ...............7. Collaea speciosa 14. Inflorescence in capitulum, corolla yellow ..............................20. Stylosanthes guianensis 14'. Inflorescence racemose, corolla pink or purple ...........................................15 15. Villous fruit, with 2-5 articles, 2-5-seeded .................13. Desmodium barbatum 15'. Fruit hirsute to glandular, with 1-2 articles, 1-2-seeded ....12. Desmodium affine 16. Trees, samara or drupe fruit ...................................................................17 16' Herbs, lianas, vines or subshrubs; other types of fruit ..................................19

17. Leaves with fewer than 10 leaflets, leaflets lanceolate or elliptical, fruit drupe type ... ................................................................................5. Andira inermis

17'. Leaves with more than 15 leaflets; leaflets oblong, fruit samara type ................ ...............................................................................................................18 18. Samara with seed-chamber distal, corolla yellow ...........19. Platypodium elegans 18'. Samara with seed-chamber basal, corolla lilac ...............18. Machaerium hirtum 19. Fruit type legume .................................................................................20 19'. Fruit type loment .................................................................................21 20. Leaves 5-7-foliolate, imparipinnate; both surfaces with hirsute and malpighiaceous indumentum, inflorescence multiflora, 6-9-seeded .17. Indigofera hirsuta 20'. Leaves 20-foliolate, paripinnate; both surfaces with a sericeous indumentum, inflorescence 4-8 flora, 4-6-seeded ....................................1. Abrus praecatorius 21. Leaves 20-40-foliolate, calyx bilabiate, externally glabrous ............................ .............................................................................4. Aeschynomene sensitiva 21'. Leaves 6-10-foliolate, calyx 5-laciniate, externally hispid or sericeous ............... ...............................................................................................................22 22. Inflorescence 9-10-flora, axis 7 cm long, loment with 1-3 articles ................................................................................3. Aeschynomene histrix 22'. Inflorescence 2-flora, axis 0.5-1 cm long, loment with 5-6 articles .................... ................................................................................2. Aeschynomene falcata

1. Abrus praecatorius L. Syst. Nat. (ed. 12) 2: 472. 1767. Figure 2a

 

Vine; branches cylindrical; stipule and stipel linear, petiole 1-2cm long, puberulent; rachis 5-10 cm long, sericeous. Leaves 20-foliate, paripinnate, symmetrical leaflet, 0.7-2 × 0.4-0.9 cm, obovate; apex mucronated; base obtuse, acute; both surfaces sericeous; entire margin; venation brochidodromous, discolorous. Inflorescence pseudo-racemose, axial, 4-8 flora; peduncle 2-10 cm long, axis 2 cm long, both sericeous. Pedicel 1mm long, sericeous; calyx 3 mm long, campanulate, 5-lacinia, 1 mm long, externally sericeous; corolla purple, standard 6-7 mm long, wing 5-6 mm long, keel 7-8 mm long. Stamens 10, diadelphous (9) + 1, 6-7 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 8 mm long, ovary sericeous, style erect, glabrous, stigma terminal glabrous. Legume, 2.5-4.5 × 0.5-1 cm, oblong, apex aristate, sericeous; seeds 4-6 ovate, 4 × 2 mm, nut-brown.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 18.IV.2009, fl. and fr., R. B. Caboco & A. Sciamarelli 28946 (CGMS), 22º 56' 06.3" S and 53º 43' 01.6" W.

Leaves with 20 leaflets, with mucronated apex, climbing habit and purple corolla allow the immediate identification of Abrus praecatorius. According to Lewis (1987), Abrus praecatorius was brought to South America, and there are records in both reef area and Atlantic Forest.

2. Aeschynomene falcata (Poir.) DC. Prodr., 2: 322. 1825. Figure 2b

Prostrate herb or decumbent subshrub, branches cylindrical; stipule lanceolate, striate, stipel ovate, petiole 0.2-0.3 cm long, rachis 0.5-1 cm long, both sericeous. Leaves 6-8-foliate, paripinnate or imparipinnate, leaflet symmetrical, 0.6-0.9 × 0.3-0.4 cm, obovate; apex mucronate; base oblique, both surfaces sericeous, entire margin, venation brochidodromous, concolorous. Inflorescence racemose, axial, 2-flora; peduncle 1-2.5 cm long, axis 0.5-1 cm long, both sericeous. Pedicel 3-5 mm long, sericeous; calyx 3-4 mm long, campanulate, 5-laciniate, 1-1.5 mm long, externally sericeous; corolla yellow, standard 4 mm long, wing 3.5 mm long, keel 3.5 mm long. Stamens 10, diadelphous (9) + 1, 2-6 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 6-12 mm long, ovary tomentose, style curved, glabrous; stigma terminal glabrous. Loment, 3-3.3 × 2.5-3 mm, ovate, 5-6 articles, obovate, apex mucronate, tomentose; seeds 5-6 ovate to reniform, 3 × 3 mm, nut-brown.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 11.X.2006, fr. and fl., Z. V. Pereira et al. 28908 (CGMS), 22º 55' 14.8" S and 53º 39' 13.1" W.

Aeschynomene falcata is distinguished by its stipule lanceolate, leaflet obovate, stipe 6-12 mm long and loment with 5-6 tomentose articles. There are records of this species in Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and the savannas, fields, rocky hillsides, high altitude areas and Chaco in Argentina (Rudd 1955). It is commonly found in cerrado and closed fields, as secondary or disturbed vegetation, along lagoon shoreline, and in flooded fields (Lima et al. 2006).

3. Aeschynomene histrix Poir., Encycl. Suppl. 4. (1): 77. 1816 .........Figure 2d, e

Prostrate herb, ascending to subshrub, branches cylindrical; stipule ovate, stipel caducous, petiole 3 mm long, rachis 1.4 cm long, both hispid. Leaves 6-10-foliate, imparipinnate, leaflets symmetrical, 0.5-1 × 0.3-0.5 cm, obovate; apex mucronate, rounded; base oblique, surfaces, adaxial glabrous and abaxial hispid, entire margin, venation brochidodromous, concolorous. Inflorescence racemose, axial, 9-10 flora; peduncle 1 cm long, axis 7 cm long, hispid. Pedicel 4-6 mm long, hispid; calyx 2 mm long, campanulate, 5-laciniate, 0.5 mm long, externally hispid; corolla yellow, standard 2.5 mm long, wing 1.2 mm long, keel 1.5 mm long. Stamens 10, diadelphous (9) + 1, 5.5 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 1 mm long, ovary tomentose, style erect, hispid; stigma terminal glabrous. Loment, 3.5-4 × 2.5-3 mm, ovate, 1-3 articles, obovate, apex acute, thickly pilose; seeds 2-3, ovate to reniform, 2.5 × 2 mm, nut-brown.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 27.III.2004, fr. and fl., Z. V. Pereira et al. 28884 (CGMS), 22º 56' 16.7" S and 53º 41' 13.3" W.

Aeschynomene histrix is distinguished by its 6-10 foliolated leaves, obovate leaflets, apex mucronate, loment with 1, 2 or 3 articles, thick pilosity (Figure 2d). According to Lima et al. (2006), this species may be collected in areas of cerrado, mountain ridge, Elyonurus muticus grassland (caronal), Byrsonima orbignyana scrub (canjiqueiral), disturbed vegetation, secondary vegetation and lagoon shoreline.

4. Aeschynomene sensitiva Sw., Prod. 107. 1788 .............Figure 2c

Erect herb or subshrub, branches cylindrical; stipule and stipel were not observed, petiole 3-5 cm long, hispid, rachis 30-45 mm long, glabrous. Leaves 20-40-foliate, imparipinnate, leaflets symmetrical, 0.8-1.4 × 0.2-0.3 cm, obovate; apex rounded, base oblique, both surfaces glabrous, entire margin, venation brochidodromous, concolorous. Inflorescence racemose, axial, 2-4 flora; peduncle 0.5-2 cm long, axis 1-1.5 cm long, both hispid. Pedicel 3 mm long, glabrous; calyx 5-6 mm long, bilabiate, 2-laciniate, 4-5 mm long, glabrous; corolla yellow, standard 7 mm long, wing 7 mm long, keel 8 mm long. Stamens 10, diadelphous (9) + 1, 5-6 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 1 mm long, ovary glabrous, style erect, glabrous; stigma terminal glabrous. Loment, 6-8 × 54-5 mm, ovate, 3-7 articles, obovate, apex apiculate, seeds 3-7, ovate, 3 × 1.5 mm, brown.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 12.X.2006, fr. and fl., Z. V. Pereira et al. 28907 (CGMS), 22º 55' 14.8" S and 53º 39' 13.1" W.

Aeschynomene sensitiva may be distinguished by its leaves with 20 to 40 obovate leaflets, rounded apex, calyx with 2 lacinia and loment with 3-7 glabrous articles. Lima et al. (2006) note that the bracts 3 mm long, ovate-lanceolate and flabelliform margin are important for identifying this species, but these characteristics were not observed in the material analyzed. This species occurs in flooded grasslands, swamps and disturbed vegetation (Lima et al. 2006).

5. Andira inermis (W. Wright) Kunth ex DC., Prodr. 2: 475. 1825. Figure 2f

Tree, branch cylindrical; stipule and stipel absent, petiole 4-6.5 cm long, rachis 7 cm long, all of them glabrous. Leaves 7-foliolate, imparipinnate, leaflets symmetrical, 3-7 × 1-2.5 cm, elliptical to lanceolate; apex acute, base diminished, surfaces glabrous, entire margin, venation brochidodromous, concolorous. Inflorescence racemose, terminal axial, multiflora; 0.5-1 cm long, tomentose, axis 5-15 cm long, tomentose. Pedicel 1-2 mm long, tomentose; calyx 5-6 mm long, campanulate, 5-laciniate, 1 mm long, tomentose; corolla yellow, standard 14 mm long, wing 14 mm long, keel 14 mm long. Stamens 10, diadelphous (9) + 1, 13-14 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 6 mm long, ovary sericeous, style erect, sericeous; stigma terminal glabrous. Fruit drupe, 2.5-4.3 × 2-4.3 cm, ovate, glabrous (Pennington 2003).

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 18.IV.2009, fl., Z. V. Pereira et al. 28947 (CGMS), 22º 55' 14.8" S and 53º 39' 13.1" W.

Andira inermis may be distinguished by its raceme inflorescence with purple flowers, standard 14 mm long, calyx thickly pilose and lacinia smaller than 1 mm in length, rounded or acute apex. There are records of this species in Seasonal Deciduous and Semideciduous Forests and cerrado (Silva 2006).

6. Canavalia mattogrossensis (Barb. Rodr.) Malme, Ark. Bot. 4(7): 9. 1905 ........... ...............................................................................................Figure 2g, h

Vine, branches cylindrical; stipule not observed, stipel lanceolate, petiole 1-2 cm long, rachis 0.3-0.8 cm long, both tomentose. Leaves 3-foliate, imparipinnate, leaflet terminal asymmetrical, 3-6.5 × 1.6-3.5 cm, elliptical, apex acute, retuse, base obtuse, both surfaces sericeous, tomentose, entire margin, venation brochidodromous, discolorous. Leaflet lateral 3.5-5 × 1.5-3 cm. Inflorescence racemose, axial 4-6 flora; peduncle 1-2 cm long, axis 2-3 cm long, tomentose. Pedicel 0.2-0.3 cm long, tomentose; calyx 12 mm long, campanulate, 5-laciniate, 2-4 mm long, externally tomentose; corolla pink, standard 30 mm long, wing 29 mm long, keel 38 mm long. Stamens 10, monadelphous, 35 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 1 mm long, ovary tomentose, style erect, glabrous; stigma terminal glabrous. Legume, 10.5 × 1.5 cm, oblong, apex rounded, mucronate, tomentose; seeds 12, ovate, 5 × 8 mm, brown spotted with black.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 22.IV.2005, fr. and fl., Z. V. Pereira et al. 28900 (CGMS), 22º 55' 45.4" S and 53º 42' 13.9" W.

Canavalia mattogrossensis is readily distinguished by its keel petals which are bigger (38 mm long) than, or equal to, the standard length (30 mm long) and racemose inflorescences with nodules along its axis. According to Tropicos (2006), there are records in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest and cerrado.

7. Collaea speciosa (Loisel.) DC., Mem. Leg. 6: 245. 1825 ...................Figure 3a, b

 

Subshrub, branches cylindrical; stipule and stipel absent, petiole 0.2 cm long, tomentose, rachis absent. Leaves 3-foliate, imparipinnate, leaflets symmetrical, 3-5.5 × 0.6-0.8 cm, lanceolate, apex acute, diminished base, entire margin, venation eucamptodromous, surfaces, adaxial glabrous and abaxial tomentose, discolorous. Inflorescence racemose, axial, 4-flora, peduncle 0.2-0.3 cm long, axis 0.1-0.2 cm long, tomentose. Pedicel 1-1.5 cm long, tomentose; calyx 16 mm long, campanulate, 4-laciniate, 8-10 mm long, tomentose; corolla red, standard 33 mm long, wing 30 mm long, keel 25 mm long. Stamens 10, diadelphous (9) + 1, 23-25 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 1 mm long, ovary tomentose, style erect, glabrous; stigma terminal glabrous. Legume, 6.5 × 0.7 cm, oblong, apex apiculate, tomentose; seeds 10-20, ovate, 2 × 1 mm, nut-brown, brown.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 21.IV.2005, fr. and fl., Z. V. Pereira et al. 28904 (CGMS), 22º 55' 14.8" S and 53º 39' 13.1" W.

Collaea speciosa may be noted as a subshrub by its 3-foliate leaves, lanceolate leaflets, inflorescence with short peduncle (0.3-0.2 cm long), red flowers and calyx tomentose. According to Ceolin & Miotto (2009), this species is generally isolated, occupying wooded fields, gallery forest and roadsides.

8. Crotalaria lanceolata E. Mey., Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 1: 24. 1836 ...................... ...................................................................................................Figure 3c

Subshrub, branches cylindrical; stipule and stipel not observed, petiole 1-3 cm long, puberulent, rachis 0.1 cm long, puberulent. Leaves 3-foliate, leaflet terminal asymmetrical, 1.5-6.5 × 0.4-0.5 cm long, elliptical to lanceolate, apex acute, apiculate, base acute, surfaces, adaxial glabrous and abaxial puberulent, entire margin, venation camptodromous, discolorous, leaflet lateral 5-14 × 0.4-0.5 cm long. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, multiflora; peduncle 3-6 cm long, puberulent, axis 6-10 cm long, puberulent. Pedicel 2 cm long, puberulent; calyx 3-4 mm long, campanulate, 5-laciniate, 1 mm long, externally puberulent; corolla yellow, standard 9 mm long, wing 10 mm long, with brown grooves, keel 11 mm long. Stamens 10, monadelphous, 8-9 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 1 mm long, ovary puberulent, style curved, sericeous, stigma terminal glabrous. Legume, 3-3.5 × 0.4-0.5 cm long, oblong, apex apiculate, puberulent; seeds 16-20, reniform, 2 × 2 mm, orange or fawn.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 18.IV.2009, fr. and fl., R. B. Caboco & A. Sciamarelli 28926 (CGMS), 22º 51' 05.8" S and 53º 39' 18.2" W.

Crotalaria lanceolata is distinguished by its leaflets lanceolate, abaxial puberulence, inflorescence axis 6-10 mm long and wing with brown grooves.

9. Crotalaria maypurensis Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 6: 403. 1824 .................Figure 3d

Subshrub, branches cylindrical; stipule linear, elliptical, stipel not observed, petiole 2-4 cm long, rachis 0.1-0.2 cm long, both puberulent. Leaf 3-foliate, leaflet terminal asymmetrical, 3.5-4 × 1.2-1.8 cm, elliptical to oblong, apex acute and apiculate, diminished base, surfaces, adaxial glabrous and abaxial puberulent, entire margin, venation camptodromous, discolorous, leaflet lateral 2-3.5 × 0.8-1.2 cm long. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, multiflora, peduncle 6-8 cm long, axis 10-32 cm long, puberulent. Pedicel 1.0 cm long, puberulent; calyx 8-10 mm long, campanulate, 5-laciniate, 5-7 mm long, sericeous; corolla yellow, standard 17-20 mm long, wing 18 mm long, with fawn grooves, keel 18 mm long. Stamens 10, monadelphous, 16 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 1 mm long, ovary sericeous; style curved, glabrous; stigma terminal glabrous. Legume, 3.2 × 1 cm, oblanceolate, apex apiculate, puberulent; seeds 12, reniform, 3 × 3 mm, nut-brown.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 23.XI.2004, fr. and fl., Z. V. Pereira et al. 28876 (CGMS), 22º 55' 45.4" S and 53º 44' 49.9" W.

Crotalaria maypurensis may present a variation in the shape of its leaflets, i.e., from elliptical to oblong, inflorescence axis 10-32 cm long, standard 17-20 mm long, with fawn grooves. In Brazil, it is frequently found in cerrado areas (Flores & Miotto 2001).

10. Crotalaria micans Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 228, 1822. Figure 3e, f

Subshrub, branches cylindrical; stipule elliptical, stipel absent, petiole 2-3 cm long, rachis 0.3 cm long, tomentose. Leaves 3-foliate, leaflets symmetrical, 2.5-5 × 1.6-2.8 cm long, oblong to elliptical, apex apiculate, cuneated base, surfaces, adaxial glabrous and abaxial sericeous, entire margin, venation camptodromous, discolorous. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, multiflora, peduncle 6-8 cm long, axis 15-35 cm long, both pubescent. Pedicel 0.4-0.5 cm long, pubescent; calyx 6-8 mm long, campanulate, 5-laciniate, 3-4 mm long, externally sericeous; corolla yellow, standard 12-13 mm long, wing 11-14 mm long, without grooves, keel 18-21 mm long. Stamens 10, monadelphous, 12-13 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 1 mm long, ovary sericeous, style curved, sericeous, stigma terminal ciliate. Legume, 2.5-3.5 × 0.4-0.5 cm, linear to oblong, apex apiculate, tomentose in the external region of the placentation; glabrous in the opposite position; seeds 28-30, reniform, 3 × 2 mm, fawn.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 18.IV.2009, fr. and fl., R. B. Caboco & A. Sciamarelli 28927 (CGMS), 22º 55' 45.4" S and 53º 44' 49.9" W.

The inflorescence axis of Crotalaria micans is longer (15-35 cm) than that of C. maypurensis, and it presents smaller flowers (12-13 mm long).

11. Crotalaria stipularia Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 3: 76. 1814 . Figure 3g

Erect herb, winged stem, branches cylindrical; stipule and stipel not observed, internode wing 2-6 cm long. Leaf 1-foliate, leaflet symmetrical, 2.5-4.5 × 1.5-3 cm long, elliptical to obovate, apex retuse to apiculate, diminished base, both surfaces hispid, entire margin, venation camptodromous, discolorous. Inflorescence racemose, axial, peduncle 4-6 cm long, rachis 5-12 cm long, both tomentose. Pedicel 0.1-0.4 cm long, tomentose; calyx 7-10 mm long, campanulate, 5-laciniate, lacinium 5-7 mm long, sericeous; corolla yellow, standard 5-6 mm long, wing 5 mm long, without grooves, keel 7 mm long. Stamens 10, monadelphous, 7-8 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 1 mm long, ovary sericeous, style curved, hispid near the stigma, stigma terminal ciliate. Legume, 2-3.5 × 0.8-1 cm, oblong, apex apiculate, glabrous; seeds 21-27, reniform, 3 × 2 mm, nut-brown.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 18.IV.2009, fr. and fl., R. B. Caboco & A. Sciamarelli 28880 (CGMS), 22º 52' 50.2" S and 53º 38' 40.7" W.

Crotalaria stipularia may be distinguished by its winged stem, unifoliate leaves, elliptical leaflet, obovate, with hispid trichomes on both surfaces. In South America, this species is found from Venezuela and Guiana to Argentina (Filliettaz 2002, Flores & Miotto 2001). It is found in "restinga", riparian forest, cerrado, open fields, "campo rupestre" and sandy, swampy and disturbed places (Filliettaz 2002, Flores 2004).

12. Desmodium affine Schltdl., Linnaea 12: 312. 1838 . Figure 4a, b

 

Prostrate herb or subshrub, branches cylindrical; stipule ovate-lanceolate, stipel lanceolate, petiole 0.6-1.8 cm long, sericeous, rachis 0.2-0.5 cm long, sericeous. Leaves 3-foliate, leaflets symmetrical 3-6.2 × 1-2 cm, elliptical, apex acute, base obtuse, cuneate, entire margin, venation brochidodromous, both surfaces sericeous, discolorous. Inflorescence racemose, terminal and axial, multiflora; peduncle 3-5 cm long, axis 6-10 cm long, both hirsute to sericeous. Pedicel 2-5 mm long, hirsute; calyx 3 mm long, campanulate, 5-laciniate, 2 mm long, hirsute; corolla pink, standard 6 mm long, wing 5 mm long, keel 5 mm long. Stamens 10, diadelphous, (9) + 1, 4 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 1 mm long, ovary hirsute, style erect, glabrous; stigma terminal glabrous. Loment, 6 × 4 mm, oblong, 1-2 articles, obovate, apex apiculate, hirsute to glandular; seeds 1-2, ovate to reniform, 1.5 × 2 mm, white.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 12.IX.2006, fr. and fl., Z. V. Pereira et al. 28910 (CGMS), 22º 55' 59.6" S and 53º 43' 06.9" W.

Desmodium affine is distinguished by its ovate-lanceolate stipule, elliptical leaflets, loment with 1-2 articles, obovate, with hirsute-glandular trichomes. It is found in woods, cerrado, grasslands, "campo rupestre", but it is mainly found in humid and shadowy areas (Azevedo 1981, Nobre et al. 2008).

13. Desmodium barbatum (L.) Benth., Pl. Jungh. 2: 224. 1852 ............Figure 4c, d

Prostrate herb, branches cylindrical, stipule and stipel lanceolate, petiole 5-13 mm long, rachis 1-3 cm long, both sericeous. Leaf 1-3-foliate, leaflet asymmetrical 1-2.6 × 0.5-1.8 cm, elliptical to obovate; apex obtuse to rounded, base rounded, cuneate, adaxial surface glabrous, villous, abaxial villous to sericeous, entire margin, venation brochidodromous, concolorous, lateral leaflet 0.9-1.9 × 0.6-1 cm. Inflorescence racemose, terminal to axial, multiflora; peduncle 1-2 cm long, villous, axis 1-3 cm long, villous. Pedicel 6-8 mm long, sericeous; calyx 4 mm long, campanulate, 5-laciniate, 3 mm long, villous; corolla purple, standard 6 mm long, wing 5 mm long, keel 5 mm long. Stamens 10, diadelphous (9) + 1, 5 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 1 mm long, ovary tomentose, style erect, glabrous; stigma glabrous. Loment, 4-5 × 3-4 mm, oblong, 2-5 articles, ovate, apex apiculate, villous; seeds 2-5, ovate, 2 × 1 mm, black.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 27.III.2004, fr. and fl., Z. V. Pereira et al. 28944 (CGMS), 22º 56' 06.3" S and 53º 43' 01.6" W.

Desmodium barbatum may be identified by its uni- to trifoliate leaf, elliptical and obovate leaflets present on the same plant, villous calyx and loment, which may vary from 2-5 articles. This species may be found in cerrado, swampy grasslands, dirty grasslands and degraded area (Ducke 1949, Tropicos 2006, Nobre et al. 2008).

14. Dioclea burkartii R.H. Maxwell, Darwiniana 16(1-2): 413. 1970 ..........Figure 4e

Liana branches cylindrical; stipule ovate, stipel lanceolate, petiole 2-3 cm long, rachis 0.5 cm long, both sericeous. Leaves 3-foliate, leaflet terminal asymmetrical 6-7.5 × 4-4.5 cm long, ovate to elliptical; apex acute, base oblique, both surfaces sericeous, entire margin, venation brochidodromous, discolorous, lateral leaflet 4.5-6.5 × 3-4.5 cm. Inflorescence racemose nodose, axial, 15-26-flora; peduncle 4.5 cm long, axis of the inflorescence 20-25 cm, both sericeous. Pedicel 5-7 mm long, sericeous; calyx 14 mm long, campanulate, 5-laciniate, 5.5 mm long, sericeous; corolla lilac, standard 25 mm long, sericeous, wing 23 mm long, keel 20-23 mm long. Stamens 10, monadelphous or pseudomonadelphous, 33 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 1 mm long, ovary tomentose, style curved, glabrous; stigma puberulent. Legume, 8.5-10 × 1.5-2.2 cm, oblong, apex apiculate, tomentose; seeds 9, ovate, 13 × 7 mm, nut-brown.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 06.IX.2003, fr. and fl., Z. V. Pereira et al. 28875 (CGMS), 22º 55' 45.4" S and 53º 44' 49.9" W.

The main characteristics of Dioclea burkartii are the ovate and elliptical leaflets, acute apex, inflorescence racemose with nodes evident, lilac corolla and tomentose fruit 8 to 10 cm long. Database records of this species are few in number. It is only noted in Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná (Maxwell 1970).

15. Eriosema platycarpon Micheli, Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 28(7): 34. 1883 ......... ...............................................................................................Figure 4f, g

Subshrub, branches cylindrical; stipule and stipel lanceolate, petiole 0.5 mm long, rachis 1.5 cm long, both tomentose. Leaves 3-foliate, leaflets symmetrical 0.8-3.4 × 1.5-2.5 cm long, elliptical; apex acute, base oblique, tomentose, entire margin, venation brochidodromous, discolorous. Inflorescence racemose, axial, 8-11-flora; peduncle 2.5 cm, tomentose, axis 2.5-4 cm long, tomentose. Pedicel 6 mm long, tomentose; calyx 5 mm long, campanulate, 5-laciniate, 3 mm long, tomentose; corolla yellow, standard 15 mm long, wing 10 mm long, keel 15 mm long. Stamens 10, diadelphous (9) + 1, 15 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 1 mm long, ovary tomentose, style erect, tomentose; stigma terminal, tomentose. Legume, 1.5-1.7 × 1-1.2 cm, oblong, apex mucronate, tomentose; seeds 2, ovate, 5-4 × 3-4 mm, greenish brown.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 19.IV.2009, fr. and fl., R. B. Caboco & A. Sciamarelli 28891 (CGMS), 22º 5546.3" S and 53º 43' 07.4" W.

Eriosema platycarpon is distinguished by its elliptical leaflets, tomentose, discolorous and relatively small fruit (1.5-1.7 × 1-1.2 cm). It is found along the cerrado edges and in the transition of woody cerrado and riparian forest and parks, as well as sandy and silty soils (Cristaldo, unpublished data).

16. Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb., Symb. Antill. . 2(2): 320. 1900 ...........Figure 4h, i

Vine, branches cylindrical; stipule and stipel lanceolate, petiole 0.6-3 cm long, rachis 2-5 mm long, both sericeous. Leaves 3-foliate, leaflet terminal symmetrical 2.5-6 × 1-2.4 cm, elliptical; apex apiculate, base acute, both sericeous, entire margin, venation brochidodromous, discolorous, leaflet lateral 2.2-4.5 × 0.9-2 cm. Inflorescence racemose, axial, 4-18-flora; peduncle 1-4 cm long, axis 6.5 cm long, both sericeous. Pedicel 1-2 mm long, sericeous; calyx 5 mm long, campanulate, 5-laciniate, 2-3 mm long, sericeous; corolla purple, standard 11.5 mm long, wing 9-10 mm long, keel 10 mm long. Stamens 10, diadelphous (9) + 1, 10-11 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 1 mm long, ovary tomentose, style erect, glabrous; stigma terminal, glabrous. Legume, 5-6 × 0.6-0.7 cm, oblong, apex apiculate, sericeous; seeds 6-9, ovate, 4 × 4 mm, black.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 22.IV.2005, fr. and fl., Z. V. Pereira et al. 28897 (CGMS), 22º 55' 14.8" S and 53º 39' 13.1" W.

Galactia striata is mainly characterized by its lanceolate stipule and stipel, venation brochidodromous, discolorous, and legume 5-6 × 0.6-0.7 cm, oblong. According to Burkart (1970), there are records of this species in the Americas, from the southeast of the United States to Argentina.

17. Indigofera hirsuta L., Sp. Pl. 2: 751. 1753 ......................................Figure 5a

 

Herb or subshrub, branches cylindrical; stipule lanceolate, stipel not observed, petiole 1-2 cm long, rachis 2.5-3.0 cm long, both hirsute. Leaves 5-7-foliate, imparipinnate, leaflet terminal asymmetrical, 1-2.5 × 0.6-1.5 cm, obovate; apex mucronate, diminished base, both hirsute and malpighiaceous, entire margin, venation not evident, leaflet lateral 0.9-1.4 × 0.4-0.8 cm. Inflorescence racemose, axial, multiflora; peduncle 1 mm long, axis 4-5.5 cm long; calyx 4 mm long, campanulate, 5-laciniate, 1 mm long, tomentose; corolla pink, standard 3-4 mm long, wing 4 mm long, keel 5 mm long. Stamens10, diadelphous (9) + 1, 4-4.2 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 1 mm long, ovary glabrous, style erect, glabrous; stigma terminal glabrous. Legume, 0.2-1.6 × 0.2-1.2 cm, cylindrical, tomentose, apex acute; seeds 6-9, ovate, 1 × 1 mm, black and nut-brown.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 27.III.2004, fr. and fl., Z. V. Pereira et al. 28879 (CGMS), 22º 52' 50.2" S and 53º 38' 40.7" W.

The peculiarities of Indigofera hirsuta include the hirsute and malpighiaceous indumentum on the branches, leaflets, peduncles and floral axis, leaves with 5 to 7 leaflets, lanceolate stipules and cylindrical fruit. According to Moreira & Azevedo-Tozzi (1997), it is commonly found in disturbed areas, secondary vegetation and sandy soils.

18. Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfeld, Tribuna Farm., Bras. 12i . 132.1944 ........... .....................................................................................................Figure 5b

Tree, branches cylindrical; stipule lanceolate, rectilinear, spinescent, stipel not observed, petiole 0.5-1 cm long, rachis 8-12 cm long, both tomentose. Leaves 40-foliate, imparipinnate, leaflets symmetrical, 1-1.3 × 0.3- 0.4 cm, oblong; apex mucronate, diminished base, both surfaces glabrous, entire margin, venation craspedodromous, discolorous. Inflorescence paniculate, terminal to axial, multiflora; axis of inflorescence 11-16 cm long, villous (Polido & Sartori 2007). Pedicel 8.8-10.6 mm long, villous; calyx 2.6 mm long, campanulate, 5-laciniate; corolla lilac; standard 6.9-9.3 × 5.9-7.6 mm, wing 7.6-9 × 3.3-4.7 mm long, keel 7.1-9.6 × 4.5-5.1 mm. Stamens 10, monadelphous. Gynoecium not stipellate, ovary velutinous, style erect, stigma glabrous. Samara cultriform, 4.5-5.4 × 0.9-1.2 cm, apex obtuse, apiculate, glabrescent; seed-chamber basal, brownish, tomentose, 2-3.4 × 1-1.2 cm.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema PEVRI, 19.IV.2009, fr., R. B. Caboco & A. Sciamarelli 28931 (CGMS), 22º 56' 15.3" S and 53º 41' 01.9" W.

Macherium hirtum is distinguished by its rectilinear, spinescent stipules, oblong leaflets and arboreous habit. It is found in several phyto-physyonomy of Cerrado, in sandy and clayish soils, in Seasonal Semideciduous and Deciduous Forests and dense Ombrophylous Forest (Polido & Sartori 2007).

19. Platypodium elegans Vogel., Linnaea 11: 420. 1837 ......................Figure 5c, d

Tree, branches cylindrical, stipule and stipel caducous, petiole 1-16 cm long, sericeous, rachis 8.5-12 cm long, sericeous. Leaves 17-foliate, pinnate, leaflets symmetrical, 4.3 × 1-1.5 cm, elliptical to oblong; apex obcordate, diminished base, both surfaces sericeous, entire margin, venation eucamptodromous, discolorous. Inflorescence racemose, axial, 20-flora, peduncle 1.8-2.2 cm long, axis 8.5-9 cm long, both sericeous. Zygomorphic flower; pedicel 6 mm long, sericeous; calyx 9.5 mm long, campanulate, 5-lacinia; lacinium 2 mm long, sericeous; corolla yellow; standard 20 mm, wing 19 mm long, keel 14 mm long. Androecium heterodynamous, stamens 10, diadelphous (9) + 1, 10-12 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 6 mm long, ovary sericeous, style curved, glabrous, stigma terminal puberulent. Samara elliptical, 6.4 × 2.3 cm, apex acute, glabrous; seed-chamber distal, fawn, glabrate, 2 × 1 cm.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 11.XI.2004, fl. and fr., R. B. Caboco & A. Sciamarelli 28912, idem, 19/IV/2009, fr., 28942 (CGMS), 22º 55' 59.6" S and 53º 40' 23.5" W.

Platypodium elegans presents 17-foliolate, pinnate leaves, obcordate apex, both surfaces sericeous, and samara 6.4 × 2.3 cm. This species has been reported to occupy areas of Seasonal Semideciduous and Deciduous Forests and cerrado (Mendonça-Filho 1996, Dubs 1998).

20. Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 10: 301. 1789 ............................................................................................Figure 5e

Herb or subshrub, branches cylindrical; stipule lanceolate, stipel not observed, petiole 0.3-1 cm long, villous, rachis 1-2 mm long, tomentose. Leaf 3-foliate, leaflets symmetrical, 0.4-2.9 × 0.3-1.9 cm, lanceolate; apex acute, diminished base, both surfaces sericeous, entire margin, venation eucamptodromous, discolorous. Inflorescence in capitulum, fasciculate, terminal or axial, peduncle 3.5-5 cm long, villous, axis 0.5-1 cm long, villous. Flower without pedicel; calyx 7 mm long, villous, 5-laciniate, 1-3 mm long; corolla yellow, standard 5 mm long, wing 4 mm long, keel 4 mm long. Stamens 10, monadelphous, 8 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 1 mm long, ovary puberulent, with terminal appendix, style erect, glabrous; stigma terminal, glabrous. Loment, 1 article, 4 × 2 mm, rounded, puberulent; seed 1, ovate, 2.4 × 1 mm, fawn.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI 23.III.2004, fl., Z. V. Pereira et al. 28877 (CGMS); idem 19/IV/2009, fr., R. B. Caboco & A. Sciamarelli 28921 (CGMS), 22º 55' 46.3" S and 53º 43' 07.4" W.

Stylosanthes guianensis may be identified by its striped stipules, eucamptodromous venation, discolorous leaflets, inflorescence in capitulum and fasciculate, absence of pedicel and lomentum with one article. According to Costas et al. (2008), this species may be found in cerrado, and dirty grasslands.

21. Vigna lasiocarpa (Mart. ex Benth.)Verdc., Kew Bull. 24(3): 539. 1970 ...................................................................................Figure 5f, i

Vine, branches cylindrical; stipule elliptical to lanceolate, stipel linear, petiole 1.5-3 cm long, sericeous, glabrous, rachis 0.5-1 cm long, sericeous. Leaves 3-foliate, leaflet terminal asymmetrical 2.5-3.5 × 1-2.5 cm, trullate to elliptical; apex acute, stalked base, oblique, adaxial surface sericeous, abaxial surface glabrous, entire margin, venation brochidodromous, discolorous, leaflet lateral 2-3.5 × 1-2.2 cm. Inflorescence racemose, axial, multiflora; peduncle 3-6.5 cm long, sericeous. Pedicel 1-2 mm long, glabrous; calyx 5 mm long, campanulate, 5-laciniate, 1-2 mm long, sericeous; corolla purple, standard 13-22 mm long, wing 15-29 mm long, keel 20 mm long. Stamens 10, diadelphous (9) + 1, 25 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 1 mm long, ovary sericeous, style curved with trichomes near the terminal stigma, glabrous. Legume, 7 × 0.5 cm, oblong, apex acute, sericeous; seeds 8-10, oblong, 4 × 3 mm, brown marbled with black and beige.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 19.IV.2009, fl. and fr., R. B. Caboco & A. Sciamarelli 28940 (CGMS), 22º 55' 50.6" S and 53º 42'19.4" W.

Vigna lasiocarpa may be identified by its habit, elliptical stipule to lanceolate, multiflora inflorescence, oblong legume, and marbled seeds, both black and beige. It is associated with humid environments and flooded areas (Maréchal et al. 1978).

According to Snak et al. (2011) this species is recognized by its auriculated stipule with different lobes and sericeous indument. It is commonly confused with V. longifolia which is distinguished by its elongated style and a stigmatic region.

22. Vigna longifolia (Benth.) Verdc., Kew Bull. 24:541 (1970) ................Figure 5j, k

Prostrate herb, branches cylindrical; stipule expanded below point of insertion, basis auriculate, stipule and stipel lanceolate, petiole 1.5-3.5 cm long, strigose to tomentose, rachis 0.2-0.3 mm long, strigose. Leaf 3-foliate, leaflets symmetrical 2-6.5 × 0.3-0.6 cm, lanceolate; apex acute, base obtuse, both surfaces strigose, entire margin, venation brochidodromous, concolorous. Inflorescence racemose, axial, 2-flora; peduncle 4 cm long, axis 0.3 cm long, both strigose; calyx 3 mm long, campanulate, 5-laciniate, 1 mm long, sericeous; corolla yellow, orange, standard 16 mm long, wing 10 mm long, keel 17 mm long. Stamens 10, diadelphous (9+1), 14-15 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 1 mm long, ovary tomentose, style erect, sericeous near the lobated lateral stigma. Legume, 6-6.6 × 0.4-0.7 cm, linear, apex acute, sericeous; seeds 12, ovate, 4 × 2 mm, nut-brown with white aril.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 12.IX.2006, fl. and fr., Z. V. Pereira et al. 28909 (CGMS), 22º 51' 11.1" S and 53º 39' 18.2" W.

Vigna longifolia is distinguished by its stipules with auriculate basis and equal lobes, corolla yellow to orange, petals from the keel twisted and lateral stigma. It is frequently confused with V. lasiocarpa, which differs by its non-elongated style and its stigmatic region (Snak et al. 2011).

23. Zornia latifolia Sm., Cycl.39: 4. 1819 ..........................................Figure 5l, m

Prostrate herb, branches cylindrical; stipule and stipel not observed, petiole 1-2 cm long, sericeous. Leaves 2-foliate, bipinnate, leaflets symmetrical 3.3-3.5 × 1-1.3 cm, elliptical to lanceolate; apex acute, base oblique, diminished, both surfaces sericeous, entire margin, venation brochidodromous, concolorous. Spike inflorescence, axial, 6-12-flora; peduncle 1-2 cm long, sericeous, rachis 2-6 cm long, sericeous. Pedicel absent; bracteoles geminated, calyx 4 mm long, bilabiate, 2-laciniate, 2-3 mm long, sericeous; corolla yellow, standard 6 mm long, wing 3 mm long, keel 4 mm long. Stamens 10, monadelphous, 5-6 mm long. Gynoecium stipellate, stipe 1 mm long, ovary tomentose, style erect, tomentose, lateral stigma, glabrous. Loment, 6-7 articles, 3 × 2 cm, ovate, uncinate; seeds 6-7, ovate and reniform, 1.5 × 1.5 mm, yellow.

Selected material: Brazil. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ivinhema, PEVRI, 16.VII.2005, fl. and fr., Z. V. Pereira et al. 28898 (CGMS), 22º 56' 06.3" S and 53º 43' 01.6" W.

Zornia latifolia may be distinguished by its bifoliate leaves and loment with 6-7 uncinate articles, presence of two geminated bracteoles which involves each flower in the inflorescence.

Discussion

About 35% of species studied in PEVRI are distributed in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest and 26% occur only in this type of forest, which suggests the importance of preserving them for the maintenance of species richness such as the Papilonoideae. Andira inermis is the only species recorded in PEVRI whose habit is Alluvial Semideciduous Forest. Dioclea burkatii recorded only for the Pantanal has expanded its distribution since it occurs in the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest of the park. Among the 23 recorded species of Papilonoideae in PEVRI, nine of them are found in humid grasslands, and the most representatives are Aeschynomene, Crotalaria, Desmodium and Vigna. The occurrence of Aeschynomene falcata, Aeschynomene histrix, Crotalaria maypurensis and Vigna lasiocarpa denote the capacity of these species to survive in flooded soil, since they were not observed in other environments in PEVRI.

When the studies of Aeschynomene (Lima et al. 2006), Desmodium (Nobre et al. 2008), Machaerium (Polido & Sartori 2007, 2011) and Stylosanthes (Costas et al. 2008) are compared, these authors mentioned Aeschynomene falcata, A. histrix, A. sensitiva, Desmodium affine, D. barbatum, Machaerium hirtum and Stylosanthes guianensis, respectively, as common to those sampled in PEVRI, which occupy cerrado, flooded grasslands and disturbed areas. For Sciamarelli (unpublished data), who studied areas similar to those from PEVRI, no common species were present.

PEVRI is the second largest unit of conservation in Mato Grosso do Sul and its flora is influenced by its formations which constitutes the basins from Paraná and Paraguai rivers. Ours results are an important tool for understanding the diversity of flora in the conservation area in southern Mato Grosso do Sul, which is occupied by the westernmost border of the Atlantic biome.

Acknowledgements

We thank the UFMS Master's Program in Plant Biology for conceding the structure for the realization of the work. We also thank CAPES for providing a scholarship to the first author and CNPq for a scholarship of Scientific Initiation (PIBIC) to the second author.

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Received 05/09/2011

Revised 24/04/2012

Accepted 24/02/2012

*

Part of a Master's dissertation from the first author

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  09 Aug 2012
• Date of issue
  June 2012

History

• Received
  05 Sept 2011
• Accepted
  24 Feb 2012
• Reviewed
  24 Apr 2012