Peixes do lago Yarinacocha: um ecossistema amazônico emblemático na bacia do baixo rio Ucayali, Pucallpa, Peru

Biota Neotropica bn Biota Neotropica Biota Neotrop. 1676-0611 Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade | BIOTA - FAPESP Resumo O lago Yarinacocha é um ecossistema emblemático da Amazônia peruana, representando o principal ponto de desembarque de peixes e também uma atração turística da cidade de Pucallpa. A grande diversidade faunística nesta área a tornou alvo de vários estudos, embora para as espécies de peixes a maioria deles tenha sido focada em espécies comerciais. Neste trabalho, realizamos o primeiro inventário da ictiofauna do lago Yarinacocha, amostrando todo o lago durante as estações chuvosa e seca, e também considerando todas as espécies depositadas na Coleção Ictiológica do MUSM dessa localidade. Um total de 164 espécies de peixes foram registradas, representando 10 ordens (mais Eupercaria), 34 famílias e 116 gêneros. Characiformes foi a ordem com mais espécies (68 espécies, 41,5%), seguida por Siluriformes (59 espécies, 36%), Cichliformes (17 espécies, 10,5%) e Gymnotiformes (8 espécies, 4,9%). As famílias mais representadas, incluindo quase 55,5% da diversidade total obtida, foram Characidae (23 spp., 14%), seguido por Cichlidae (17 spp., 10,4%), Loricariidae (14 spp., 8,5%), Pimelodidae (13 spp., 7,9%), Doradidae (13 spp., 7,4%) e Anostomidae (12 spp., 7,3%). Do total de espécies de peixes registradas neste estudo, apenas 22 são consideradas espécies protegidas seguindo os critérios da IUCN e 109 espécies têm importância comercial, incluindo 90 espécies ornamentais (54,8%). Nossos resultados contribuem para o conhecimento da ictiofauna do lago Yarinacocha e podem ser utilizados como ponto de partida para sua conservação e manejo sustentável ao longo do tempo. Introduction The Peruvian Amazonian ichthyofauna has been the object of numerous and in-depth studies, which register more than 800 species (Ortega et al. 2012). Among lotic water bodies, the most important assessments include the Amazon (Goulding et al. 2003), Huallaga (Ortega et al. 2007), Madre de Dios (Barthem et al. 2003), Aguaytía (Quezada et al. 2017) and Las Piedras (Carvalho et al. 2011) River basins. Likewise, the lentic aquatic ecosystems of the Peruvian Amazon play an important ecological role and contribute to the support of economic activities of the local population (García-Vásquez et al. 2009) due to its value as a source of hydrobiological resources. This is partially the consequence of oxbows migration, which promotes this enormous diversity forming sinuous rivers and lakes during the course changes (Nagel et al. 2022), and the flood pulses that comprise annual oscillations of the average water level (Junk et al. 1989), allowing the interconnection of lakes and small water bodies during the floods (Bartletta et al. 2010). The Yarinacocha lake, located in the district of Yarinacocha, department of Ucayali, known regionally as “cocha” or “tipishca” by shipibo-conibo populations, is approximately 20 km long, with an area of 13.4 km2, a maximum depth of 19 m and average width of 650 m (Campbell et al. 2017). Its meandering origin formed by the erosion of Ucayali River banks (Neuendorf et al. 2005) has allowed the occurrence of an enormous diversity, not yet fully monitored, but which supports important fishing activities in the region, local consumption and tourist destination (García-Dávila et al. 2018). During the floods of the Ucayali River in January, February and March, the entire lake acts as a riverside highway for trade and transportation (Campbell et al. 2017). The rest of the year it is supplied with water from small tributaries that can be streams or “caños”, which are small channels that connect the lake with other water bodies and represents a key habitat for many species of fish reproduction (MINAM 2021). However, as a result of the human populations growth on the riverbanks (hamlets, communities and the population of the Yarinacocha district), restaurants and tourism, the use of toxic substances in illegal fishing and by hospital wastewater that fail biodiversity and human health (personal comments by José Riofrío), this ecosystem is highly polluted by sewage and solid waste that could affect biodiversity (Rondon-Espinoza et al. 2022). These characteristics and threats as a whole, give Yarinacocha lake an emblematic meaning covering cultural, economic and ecological aspects worthy of being preserved and studied. Scientific knowledge of the fish species composition at Yarinacocha lake is limited. A recent study reports that the diversity of fish species that arrives at the Yarinacocha lake landing stage, including a large part of the Utuquinía and Callería sub-basins, and to a lesser extent Loreto and Aguaytía-San Alejandro (Salazar-Ramirez et al. 2021). In their results, 63 species between 2015 and 2019 were reported, being the most abundant “carachama” (Loricariidae), “piro” (Doradidae), “palometa” (Mylossoma spp.) and “sardina” (Triportheus spp.) all of them recorded only as common names that may include several species. Other studies include monitoring of fishing landings in the city of Pucallpa (Vela et al. 2016) and characterization of commercial fisheries in the Ucayali River basin (Zorrilla et al. 2016), without offering precise data on the ichthyofauna of the lake. Also, these studies focus on large fishes with commercial interest, while neglecting the smaller species that contain the highest biomass (Barletta et al. 2010) and to date, no other publication has reported the total diversity of the ichthyofauna of the Yarinacocha lake. This lack of monitoring and rapid identification tools for the fish fauna of Yarinacocha lake encourages the existence of erroneous records in fishing statistics (García-Dávila et al. 2018) and could be covering up the depredation of the fish populations. For the above stated, we have formulated as the main purpose of this work to present the first fish species checklist of Yarinacocha Lake, updating the information of continental catalogs (Reis et al. 2003), species threatened status (IUCN 2022) and economic importance of species reported. Material and Methods A total of 15 sampling sites were evaluated (Fig. 1, Table 1), covering variable environments inside Yarinacocha lake including streams, water channels and shores (Fig. 2). Figure 1. Map of Yarinacocha lake, Ucayali, Peru showing each collecting site (red circles). Numbers follow Table 1 and Fig. 2. Table 1. Sampled localities in the Yarinacocha lake. Site Latitude Longitude Hábitat 1 –8.283635° –74.613530° Shore 2 –8.293595° –74.605929° Shore 3 –8.294893° –74.610005° Lake 4 –8.324666° –74.597307° Shore 5 –8.255102° –74.639067° River canal 6 –8.261677° –74.637215° Lake 7 –8.261672° –74.631376° Stream 8 –8.317004° –74.570915° Lake 9 –8.337667° –74.566134° Shore 10 –8.334606° –74.563095° Stream 11 –8.321236° –74.570293° Lake 12 –8.343393° –74.592056° Stream 13 –8.328085° –74.588685° Pool 14 –8.331376° –74.595665° Shore 15 –8.318975° –74.570368° Shore Figure 2. Sampled localities in Yarinacocha lake. Numbers 1–12 follows Table 1. Sampling efforts occurred during the start of the rainy season in October 2020 and in the dry season in July 2022, mostly during daylight. The collection of specimens involved bottom trawls of 10 and 20 m nets with 5 mm internodes, used on the beaches and areas with vegetation, trunks and leaves; cast nets of 15 m in open areas and channels; and gillnets of 30 m, blocking the passage of fish during the beginning of the day. Obtained specimens were anesthetized in a clove oil solution, muscle tissues were fixed in 96% ethanol (for molecular studies), vouchers and other specimens were fixed in 10% formalin by 48 hours and then preserved in 70% ethanol. Expeditions had a Fish Collection Permit for research purposes under PRODUCE license number 132/2021. Species identifications to the lowest taxonomic level were conducted consulting the taxonomic literature (Galvis et al. 2006, Queiroz et al. 2013, van der Sleen & Albert 2018) and identification keys for Characiformes (Géry, 1977; Vari, 1991; Malabarba, 2004), Siluriformes (Burgess, 1989; Albert, 2001; Littmann et al. 2021), Cichliformes (Kullander, 1986; Kullander and Ferreira, 2006; Arbour et al. 2014) and Gymnotiformes (Mago-Leccia, 1994; Crampton et al. 2016; de Santana et al. 2019); and valid names were confirmed following Fricke et al. (2022). Classification follows the current phylogenetic arrangement of bony fishes sensu according to Betancur et al. (2017) and for Characiformes the classification proposed by Oliveira et al. (2011). To corroborate geographical distribution of species we used CLOFFSCA (Reis et al. 2003), digital platforms like SpeciesLink (http://www.splink.org.br/) and FishNet2 (http://www.fishnet2.net/) and Nijssen and Isbrücker (1986) for additional taxonomic revisions and species descriptions.Vouchers were deposited in the Ichthyology Collection of Museo de Historia Natural of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru (MUSM). Specimens collected in the Yarinacocha lake by previous expeditions and deposited in the MUSM Fish Collection, were also recorded after their identifications were verified. In our results, only native species were included without considering invasive or exotic species because they lacked vouchers in the scientific collection; however, its presence was discussed due to previous reports from the Ministerio del Ambiente (MINAM). The commercial species were classified into ornamental fish (IIAP 2011, García-Dávila et al. 2020) and fish for consumption (García-Dávila et al. 2018). The threatened status of the species was derived from IUCN (2022) criteria available in https://www.iucnredlist.org/. Results and Discussion The total of previously reported species is 63 (Vela et al. 2016; Zorrilla et al. 2016; Salazar-Ramirez et al. 2021) reporting only Characiformes and Siluriformes. However, as indicated above, those studies did not include precise data on the location of capture, making impossible a comparison of the total richness previously reported in relation to the results presented here which only include fishes from Yarinacocha lake. Our contribution carries a very high value due to the fact of representing the first ichthyofauna inventory of Yarinacocha lake in its entire extension, assessing a wide range of habitats, including almost all possible species, not only those with commercial value (Fig. 3). In this manner, a total 164 fish species were recorded (Table 2) representing 10 orders (plus Eupercaria), 34 families and 116 genera. Figure 3. Some fish species collected in Yarinacocha lake, Ucayali basin, Peru. Scale bar 1 cm. A) Abramites hypselonotus, B) Schizodon fasciatus, C) Leporinus cf. parae, D) Aphyocharax pusillus, E) Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus, F) Tetragonopterus argenteus, G) Hydrolycus scomberoides, H) Prochilodus nigricans, I) Hoplias malabaricus, J) Pygocentrus nattereri, K) Adontosternarchus balaenops, L) Crenicichla proteus, M) Heros efasciatus, N) Cichla monoculus, O) Pterophyllum scalare, P) Mesonauta mirificus, Q) Satanoperca jurupari, R) Hypoclinemus mentalis, S) Corydoras multiradiatus, T) Oxydoras niger, U) Trachelyopterus galeatus, V) Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus, W) Sorubim lima, X) Pseudoplatystoma punctifer, Y) Synbranchus marmoratus. Table 2. Fish fauna recorded for the Yarinacocha lake. The list includes the Peruvian common name, economic importance of the species as ornamental fish (O) according to IIAP (2011) and García Dávila et al. (2021), or fish for consumption (C) according to García-Dávila et al. (2018), IUCN category (LC = Least Concern, DD = Data Deficient, NT = Near Threatened, CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable). In addition, the catalog number of the voucher specimens deposited in the MUSM fish collections is also being considered. Taxon Peruvian common name Economic importance IUCN Voucher MUSM CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII BELONIFORMES Belonidae Potamorrhaphis guianensis (Jardine, 1843) pez aguja – – MUSM 7466 Pseudotylosurus angusticeps (Günther, 1866) pez aguja – – MUSM 70497 CHARACIFORMES Acestrorhynchidae Acestrorhynchus abbreviatus (Cope, 1878) peje zorro O LC MUSM 7424 Acestrorhynchus microlepis (Jardine, 1841) pez cachorro O LC MUSM 1778 Anostomidae Abramites hypselonotus (Günther, 1868) san pedrito O – MUSM 2056, 70030 Leporellus vittatus (Valenciennes, 1850) lisa O – MUSM 7447 Leporinus aff. amazonicus Santos & Zuanon, 2008 lisa – – MUSM 10307 Leporinus jamesi Garman, 1929 lisa – – MUSM 70419 Leporinus niceforoi Fowler, 1943 lisa – – MUSM 2351 Leporinus cf. parae Eigenmann, 1907 lisa C – MUSM 59645, 69652, 69884, 70137, 70175, 70204 Leporinus pearsoni Fowler, 1940 lisa – LC MUSM 70420 Leporinus striatus Kner, 1858 lisa – LC MUSM 69704 Leporinus subniger Fowler, 1943 lisa – – MUSM 69704 Megaleporinus trifasciatus (Steindachner, 1876) lisa C – MUSM 69876 Rhytiodus microlepis Kner, 1858 lisa C – MUSM 15769, 15914 Schizodon fasciatus Spix & Agassiz, 1829 lisa C – MUSM 481, 6269, 15298, 15769, 15813, 15914, 15917, 59644, 70033, 70048, 70136 Characidae Aphyocharax pusillus Günther, 1868 mojarita O – MUSM 7421, 15381, 15804, 59640, 70037, 70041, 70131, 70171 Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) mojara O – MUSM 1887, 2371, 2985, 3453, 5494, 15325 Astyanax maximus (Steindachner, 1876) mojara – – MUSM 70056, 70138 Brachychalcinus copei (Steindachner, 1882) palometita O LC MUSM 70207 Charax tectifer (Cope, 1870) dentón O – MUSM 70467 Ctenobrycon hauxellianus (Cope, 1870) mojara O – MUSM 59293, 69868, 70039, 70054, 70145, 70170 Cynopotamus amazonum (Günther, 1868) dentón – – MUSM 69875 Galeocharax gulo (Cope, 1870) dentón – – MUSM 70031 Moenkhausia barbouri Eigenmann, 1908 mojara – – MUSM 70154 Moenkhausia collettii (Steindachner, 1882) mojara O – MUSM 5490 Moenkhausia aff. dichroura (Kner, 1858) mojara – – MUSM 59288, 70023, 70055, 70144 Moenkhausia intermedia Eigenmann, 1908 mojara O – MUSM 69649, 70052, 70148 Moenkhausia grandisquamis (Müller & Troschel, 1845) mojara – – MUSM 7417, 7425 Moenkhausia oligolepis (Günther, 1864) mojara O – MUSM 2195, 6280 Odontostilbe fugitiva Cope, 1870 mojarita O – MUSM 5492, 69881 Prionobrama filigera (Cope, 1870) mojara O – MUSM 1392, 2194, 2272, 3458, 5487, 7422, 10881, 15323, 15800, 17787, 69880, 70034, 70050, 70142, 70153 Protocheirdodon pi (Vari, 1978) pez vidrio O – MUSM 70418 Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819) mojarra O – MUSM 2273 Roeboides affinis (Günther, 1868) dentón O – MUSM 10235, 15717, 15771, 15324, 59286, 70140, 70209 Roeboides myersi Gill, 1870 dentón O, C LC MUSM 15201, 39575, 59289, 70210 Stethaprion erythrops Cope, 1870 palometita O – MUSM 3528, 15328 Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier, 1816 mojara O – MUSM 5488, 7418, 7423, 8568, 15297, 15411, 39577, 59290, 70038, 70053,70134, 70164, 70206 Serrapinnus heterodon (Eigenmann, 1915) mojarita – – MUSM 5493 Crenuchidae Characidium zebra Eigenmann, 1909 mojarita O – MUSM 70491 Curimatidae Curimatella meyeri (Steindachner, 1882) chio chio C – MUSM 5213, 69742, 69759 Potamorhina altamazonica (Cope, 1878) yahuarachi C – MUSM 858, 5134, 15088 Potamorhina latior (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) llambina C – MUSM 70463 Psectrogaster amazonica Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 ractacara C – MUSM 7462, 15203, 69741, 69758, 70165 Psectrogaster rutiloides (Kner, 1858) ractacara C – MUSM 2076, 2108, 5133, 7465, 15205, 69743, 69757, 70162 Steindachnerina dobula (Günther, 1868) julilla – – MUSM 5227, 15322, 70043, 70146 Steindachnerina leucisca (Günther, 1868) julilla – – MUSM 5228, 15924, 70045, 70129 Cynodontidae Cynodon gibbus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) chambira O, C – MUSM 69761 Hydrolycus scomberoides (Cuvier, 1819) chambira O, C – MUSM 69875 Rhaphiodon vulpinus Spix & Agassiz, 1829 chambira O, C – MUSM 7054 Erythrinidae Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) shuyo O, C – MUSM 69755 Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) fasaco O, C LC MUSM 5123, 5497, 15299, 15915, 69752, 69753, 69871, 69887, 70151 Gasteropelecidae Thoracocharax stellatus (Kner, 1858) pechito O – MUSM 7463, 15399, 15806, 17756, 17785, 70211 Hemiodontidae Anodus elongatus Agassiz, 1829 julilla C – MUSM 7055 Hemiodus aff. microlepis Kner, 1858 julilla – – MUSM 69745 Hemiodus amazonum (Humboldt, 1821) julilla – – MUSM 7451 Prochilodontidae Prochilodus nigricans Agassiz, 1829 boquichico C – MUSM 47, 50, 2001, 2023, 2111, 2190, 7455, 7467, 8575, 10302, 15327, 15768, 15803, 17755, 19711, 19721, 59643, 69653, 69874, 69885, 70040, 70159 Parodontidae Parodon pongoensis (Allen, 1942) julilla O – MUSM 70495 Serrasalmidae Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816) gamitana C – MUSM 62 Mylossoma albiscopum (Cope, 1872) palometa C – MUSM 59646, 70043 Mylossoma aureum (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) palometa O, C – MUSM 5489, 17843 Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) paco O, C – MUSM 1814, 70044 Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858 paña roja O, C – MUSM 84, 15410, 39581, 69740, 69762, 70202 Serrasalmus rhombeus Linnaeus, 1776 paña moteada O, C – MUSM 70462 Triportheidae Triportheus albus Cope, 1872 sardina – – MUSM 2384, 5226, 10301, 15766, 15801, 15808, 15918, 69639, 69648, 70114, 70132, 70156 Triportheus angulatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) sardina C MUSM 2341, 2374, 7416, 7420, 10300, 15921, 15522, 15810, 15921, 17750, 59281, 70115, 70139, 70155 Triportheus curtus (Garman, 1890) sardina – MUSM 70464 Triportheus rotundatus (Jardine, 1841) sardina – LC MUSM 575, 70465 CLUPEIFORMES Engraulidae Anchoviella guianensis (Eigenmann, 1912) sardina – – MUSM 70205 Anchoviella hernanni Loeb, Varella & Menezes, 2018 sardina – – MUSM 70490 Jurengraulis juruensis (Boulenger, 1898) sardina – – MUSM 70163 Lycengraulis batesii (Günther, 1868) sardina – – MUSM 70169 Pristigasteridae Pellona castelnaeana Valenciennes, 1847 panshin, bacalao C LC MUSM 5111, 5275 Pristigaster cayana Cuvier, 1829 pechito – LC MUSM 5, 15776, 70171 GYMNOTIFORMES Apteronotidae Apteronotus bonapartii (Castelnau, 1855) macana O – MUSM 3027, MUSM 3030 Adontosternarchus balaenops (Cope, 1878) macana O – MUSM 70485 Gymnotidae Electrophorus varii de Santana, Wosiacki, Crampton, Sabaj, Dillman, Mendes–Júnior & Castro e Castro, 2019 anguila eléctrica O – MUSM 70128 Hypopomidae Brachyhypopomus bennetti Sullivan, Zuanon & Cox Fernandes, 2013 macana O – MUSM 70493 Sternopygidae Eigenmannia humboldtii (Steindachner, 1878) macana O – MUSM 3020 Eigenmannia limbata (Schreiner & Miranda Ribeiro, 1903) macana – – MUSM 70184 Eigenmannia virescens (Valenciennes, 1836) macana O – MUSM 3019, 70190 Sternopygus macrurus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) macana O – MUSM 3018, 70189 CICHLIFORMES Cichlidae Aequidens tetramerus (Heckel, 1840) bujurqui O – MUSM 70494 Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831) acahuarazu O, C – MUSM 19724 Bujurquina megalospilus Kullander, 1986 bujurqui – – MUSM 70486 Chaetobranchus flavescens Heckel, 1840 bujurqui C – MUSM 940 Cichla monoculus Agassiz, 1831 tucunare O, C – MUSM 7392, 8571, 69739, 70150 Cichlasoma amazonarum Kullander, 1983 bujurqui O – MUSM 5486, 7391, 15345, 15378, 70146 Crenicara punctulata (Günther, 1863) bujurqui O – MUSM 2538 Crenicichla cyanonotus Cope, 1870 añashua – – MUSM 59279, 70178 Crenicichla proteus Cope, 1872 añashua O – MUSM 5482, 7394, 7399, 69654, 700051, 70148, 70180 Crenicichla sedentaria Kullander, 1986 añashua – LC MUSM 15379, 70179 Heros efasciatus Heckel, 1840 bujurqui O, C – MUSM 5484, 6272, 7395, 7400, 15073, 15140, 15375, 15781, 59280, 70025, 70147, 70203 Hypselecara temporalis (Günther, 1862) bujurqui O, C – MUSM 916, 7396 Mesonauta festivus (Heckel, 1840) bujurqui O – MUSM 1021 Mesonauta insignis (Heckel, 1840) bujurqui – – MUSM 5483 Mesonauta mirificus Kullander & Silfvergrip, 1991 bujurqui O LC MUSM 3049, 7401, 7403, 10294, 15397, 70027, 70149 Pterophyllum scalare (Schultze, 1823) pez angel O – MUSM 982, 984, 1041, 1209, 3451, 3469, 5485, 7398, 9124, 10297, 15247, 15376, 15772, 19725, 70026, 70157 Satanoperca jurupari (Heckel, 1840) bujurqui O, C – MUSM 957, 5503, 7402, 7415, 8572, 10295, 15383, 59282, 70172 EUPERCARIA sensu Betancur et al. 2017 Scianidae Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) corvina O, C – MUSM 790, 2110 PLEURONECTIFORMES Achiridae Achirus achirus (Linnaeus, 1758) panga raya, lenguado O LC MUSM 15807, 59292 Hypoclinemus mentalis (Günther, 1862) panga raya, lenguado O LC MUSM 898, 59641, 69650 OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES Arapaimidae Arapaimas gigas (Schinz, 1822) paiche O, C DD MUSM 104 SILURIFORMES Auchenipteridae Ageneiosus inermis (Linnaeus, 1766) bocón O, C – MUSM 7045 Epapterus dispilurus Cope, 1878 maparate O – MUSM 17782, 70181 Trachelyopterus galeatus (Linnaeus, 1766) bocón O, C – MUSM 70474 Trachelyopterus isacanthus (Cope, 1878) bocón – – MUSM 7457 Trachelyopterus porosus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888) bocón – – MUSM 70475 Tympanopleura atronasus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888) bocón – – MUSM 70472 Tympanopleura longipinna Walsh, Ribeiro & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2015 bocón – – MUSM 70473 Aspredinidae Bunocephalus aleuropsis Cope, 1870 banjo, sapo cunshi O – MUSM 70499 Callichthyidae Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus, 1758) coridora, shirui – – MUSM 3481 Corydoras leucomelas Eigenmann & Allen 1942 coridora, shirui O LC CAS 36561 Corydoras multiradiatus (Orcés V, 1960) coridora, shirui O LC MUSM 69877 Corydoras splendens (Castelnau 1855) coridora, shirui O LC MUSM 69878 Corydoras stenocephalus Eigenmann & Allen, 1942 coridora, – LC CAS 36386 shirui Corydoras trilineatus Cope, 1872 coridora, shirui O – MUSM 7458 Dianema longibarbis Cope, 1872 shirui C – MUSM 1790 Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock, 1828) shirui – – MUSM 69756 Doradidae Acanthodoras aff. spinosissimus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888) pirillo O – MUSM 15486 Agamyxis pectinifrons (Cope, 1870) pirillo O – MUSM 2804, 5116 Anadoras grypus (Cope, 1872) pirillo O LC MUSM 15485, 33335 Hemidoras stuebelii (Steindachner, 1882) pirillo – – MUSM 5127, 70501 Nemadoras humeralis (Kner, 1855) pirillo O – MUSM 5122, 5128, 5163, 15484 Ossancora asterophysa Birindelli & Sabaj Pérez, 2011 pirillo – – MUSM 70177 Ossancora eigenmanni (Boulenger, 1895) pirillo O – MUSM 5130, 15499, 32674 Ossancora punctata (Kner, 1855) pirillo – – MUSM 596, 1982, 5105, 5120, 5126, 5159, 5160, 5161, 5501, 7042, 15413, 19714, 70047, 70176 Oxydoras niger (Valenciennes, 1821) turushuqui O, C – MUSM 2902, 5119, 70183 Platydoras armatulus (Valenciennes, 1840) rafles O – MUSM 70200 Platydoras costatus (Linnaeus, 1758) rafles O – MUSM 5103, 5115, 19713 Pterodoras granulosus (Valenciennes, 1821) cahuara C – MUSM 1637, 1980, 5102, 5114, 15513 Heptapteridae Pimelodella cristata (Müller & Troschel, 1849) cunshi, bagre – – MUSM 5500 Pimelodella cyanostigma (Cope, 1870) cunshi, bagre – – MUSM 69873, 70036, 70166, 70195 Pimelodella gracilis (Valenciennes, 1835) cunshi, bagre – – MUSM 5500, 15811, 70049, 70133, 70167 Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) cunshi, bagre O – MUSM 70028 Loricariidae Ancistrus alga (Cope, 1872) carachama – – MUSM 69869, 70194 Farlowella amazonum (Günther, 1864) shitari aguja – – MUSM 69872, 70182 Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus (Kner, 1853) shitari O – MUSM 7452, 15764, 17753, 70191 Hypoptopoma gulare Cope, 1878 carachamita O – MUSM 15146, 15206, 15237, 15341, 69879, 69886, 70130, 70160, 70197 Hypoptopoma psilogaster Fowler, 1915 carachamita – – MUSM 70141, 70174 Hypoptopoma thoracatum Günther, 1868 carachamita O – MUSM 15349, 69882, 70199 Hypostomus ericius Armbruster, 2003 carachama – LC MUSM 69870, 70173, 70198 Limatulichthys griseus (Eigenmann, 1909) shitari – – MUSM 1776 Loricaria simillima Regan, 1904 shitari O – MUSM 7453, 70042, 70188 Loricariichthys maculatus (Bloch, 1794) shitari – – MUSM 70502 Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) carachama O – MUSM 59278, 69746, 70036, 70152, 70187 Rineloricaria sp. shitari – – MUSM 70024, 70193 Rineloricaria wolfei Fowler, 1940 shitari – LC MUSM 70192 Sturisoma nigrirostrum Fowler, 1940 shitari O LC MUSM 10106, 70186 Pimelodidae Brachyplatystoma platynemum Boulenger, 1898 mota flemosa O, C – MUSM 1813 Calophysus macropterus (Lichtenstein, 1819) mota O, C – MUSM 7056 Hemisorubim platyrhynchos (Valenciennes, 1840) toa O, C – MUSM 70498 Hypophthalmus edentatus Spix & Agassiz, 1829 maparate C – MUSM 1505, 1506, 1509, 3249, 12777 Hypophthalmus oremaculatus Nani & Fuster de Plaza, 1947 maparate – – MUSM 69744 Phractocephalus hemioliopterus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) peje torre O, C – MUSM 1518 Pimelodina flavipinnis Steindachner, 1876 bagre C – MUSM 10014 Pimelodus blochii Valenciennes, 1840 cunshi, bagre O – MUSM 15783, 15797, 15814, 17789, 59291, 59642, 69651,70135, 70168, 70196 Pimelodus maculatus Lacepède, 1803 cunshi, bagre O – MUSM 15250, 17751, 17851 Pimelodus pictus Steindachner, 1876 cunshi, bagre O – MUSM 1742, 3465, 5107, 5118, 6288, 15809 Pseudoplatystoma punctifer (Castelnau, 1855) doncella O, C – MUSM 70496 Sorubim elongatus Littmann, Burr, Schmidt & Isern, 2001 shiripira – – MUSM 70477 Sorubim lima (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) shiripira O, C – MUSM 643, 681, 5053, 5158, 10105, 15449, 19720, 70201 SYNBRANCHIFORMES Synbranchidae Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch, 1795 atinga O – MUSM 3057, 12711 TETRAODONTIFORMES Tetraodontidae Colomesus asellus (Müller & Troschel, 1849) pez globo O – MUSM 1949 The order with the most species richness was Characiformes with 68 species (41.5%) followed by Siluriformes with 59 species (36%), Cichliformes with 17 species (10.5%) and Gymnotiformes with eight species (4.9%). These orders represent 92.6% of the total species (Fig. 4). Clupeiformes, with four species, and remaining five orders (plus Eupercaria), with one or two species for each, represent 7.4% of total species. The most highly represented family was Characidae with 23 species (14%), followed by Cichlidae with 17 species (10.4%), Loricariidae with 14 species (8.5%), Pimelodidae with 13 species (7.9%), Doradidae with 13 species (7.4%) and Anostomidae with 12 species (7.3%); together represent 55.5% of the total species (Fig. 5). As in the Neotropical freshwater habitats, the ichthyofauna belongs to the Ostariophysi and in South America mostly represented by Characiformes, Siluriformes and Gymnotiformes (Reis et al. 2016). In the Peruvian Amazon, the families Characidae, Loricariidae y Cichlidae, concentrate the greatest diversity of species (Ortega et al. 2012) and represent some of the dominant families in the composition of Amazonian species (Dagosta & de Pinna 2019). Figure 4. Richness of fish species for orders/series recorded in Yarinacocha lake. Figure 5. Richness of fish species for families recorded in Yarinacocha lake. Another interesting novelty is Leporinus subniger, with distribution in the Upper Amazon Basin (Colombia and Ecuador) (Britski & Birindelli 2008), species not previously reported by previous peruvian inventories (Ortega et al. 2012, Meza-Vargas et al. 2021, Chuctaya et al. 2022) representing a new record for the department of Ucayali. The following species could not be identified to the species level Hemiodus aff. microlepis belongs to the Hemiodus microlepis species group, previously reported for the Ucayali River, being a species not formally described (Nogueira et al. 2021), Leporinus cf. parae, a member of the Leporinus friderici species complex (Silva-Santos et al. 2018), and Leporinus aff. amazonicus represents putative undescribed species. Leporinus is the most species-rich genus within Anostomidae and is considered one of the richest genera within Characiformes (Garavello and Britski 2003, Ramirez et al. 2016) and a thorough taxonomic review of this group is needed (Silva-Santos et al. 2018). Rineloricaria sp. could only be identified to the genus level without coinciding with R. morrowi or R. wolfei, the two species described for the region by Fowler (1940), further studies will be needed to classify these specimens. Moenkhausia aff. dichroura belongs to the M. dichroura species group, because it’s distributed only in the La Plata basin (Paraguay and lower Paraná rivers) and the morphotype found in the Amazon basin would be a possible new species (Britzke 2011). Several species have the same color pattern, such as M. dichroura, M. intermedia, M. barbouri, M. bonita and also the species Schultzites axelrodi, which in some cases may make it difficult to correctly identify this species group. Regarding the species of economic importance, 109 species have commercial importance, of which 90 species (54.8%) are ornamentals, 26 species are used for both purposes and 20 species only for consumption, including Prochilodus nigricans (boquichico) which contributes the highest percentage of catches (Riofrío 1998, Riofrío 2002, Wasiw et al. 2012, Salazar-Ramirez et al. 2021) and large migratory catfish, with high commercial value, such as Pseudoplatystoma punctifer (doncella) and Phractocephalus hemioliopterus (peje torre), whose presence indicates the importance of this ecosystem in its migratory route, since this type of whitewater ecosystems are the most important for commercial migratory species (Duponchelle et al. 2021). Therefore, the majority of species recorded for Yarinacocha lake (66.7%) represent important economic resources. Nevertheless, the abundances of these resources can decline due to human impacts including habitat alteration, water pollution, overfishing, exotic species introduction and other factors (van der Sleen & Albert 2021). The reduction in landings in Yarinacocha lake has been reported in recent years (Salazar-Ramirez et al. 2021). Species of consumption of high commercial demand such as Colossoma macropomum (gamitana) and Piaractus brachypomus (paco) have almost disappeared from landings, being replaced by small-sized species (Riofrío 1998, Wasiw et al. 2012, Salazar-Ramirez et al. 2021). This evidences the decrease of fish populations for consumption due to overexploitation. The global ornamental fish industry is a market expansion grid, and moves approximately US$ 15 billion/year, including equipment, accessories, supplies and publications (Cheong 1996). There are 350 to 400 million ornamental fish sold, where 70% are produced in captivity and 63% are exported by developing countries generating about U.S. $ 202 million/year (Chao et al. 2001). This market is dominated by freshwater fishes and the Amazon basin is a key supplier of wild freshwater fishes to the ornamental trade (Moreau and Coomes 2007). In the Peruvian Amazon, most of these resources are the product of direct extraction from the natural environment (MINAM 2021) and Yarinacocha lake is one of the leading regions for ornamental fish extraction in the Ucayali department (PNIPA 2021). Although the collection of fish from tropical lentic environments can be carried out almost throughout the entire year, this activity can lead to direct depletion of wild populations (Andrews 1990). In recent years, the global trade for freshwater specimens has led to the overexploitation of native species, and the destruction of these habitats by invasive species (Chang et al. 2009). An example of an exotic species found in Peru would be Trichopodus trichopterus (Pallas 1770), order Anabantiformes, family Osphronemidae, that was reported in Yarinacocha in 2016, in the La Restinga fishing area (MINAM 2021). This species is a tropical freshwater fish native to Southeast Asia, known as the three spot gourami, and has a specialized organ (organ labyrinth) that allows them to breathe oxygen from the air (Blank & Burggren 2014), helping them to adapt to an environment of low oxygen concentration in the water (Degani et al. 2021). Specimens of this group were introduced in 1970 for ornamentation (Ortega et al. 2007) and have been reported for the city of Iquitos (department of Loreto, Peru) (Meza-Vargas et al. 2021). The effects of exotic species on lentic water bodies can be complex (Ortega and Hidalgo 2008), although the impact of T. trichopterus on native species is uncertain, the introduction of exotic species may imply a risk of co-introduction of parasites, especially with phylogenetically similar native fauna (Trujillo-González et al. 2018), and generate problems of predation, competition for food and occupation of niches (Meza-Vargas et al. 2021). Therefore, T. trichopterus can be detrimental to native fish and further studies are required to assess the real impact on native species. Freshwater fish may currently be one of the most threatened vertebrate groups, mainly based on the more than 5,000 species assessed by the IUCN, where the main threats include habitat modification, fragmentation and destruction; the introduction of invasive species; fisheries overexploitation; environment pollution; and climate change (Reid 2013). Thus, in the long term, it is estimated that 20% of the world’s freshwater fish should be in the vulnerable, threatened or extinct category in recent decades (Revenga et al. 1998). In this study, 22 species are considered protected species (13.4%) following the IUCN criteria. One species, Arapaima gigas, was categorized as “Data deficient” (DD), therefore the knowledge about the biology and ecology of this species is limited, in particular the structure of its natural populations (Vitorino et al. 2017) and further information on the species is required. The natural populations of this species have historically been reduced or even eradicated near the main cities (Castello et al. 2011). Currently, its landing in Yarinacocha lake is almost nil (Salazar-Ramírez et al. 2021). The other 21 species are considered “Least concern” (LC), which means that after being evaluated, it doesn’t meet any of the criteria that define the other categories. Most of the registered species lack information that allows them to be classified in some category, therefore further studies are necessary for an adequate evaluation of these species and of the Peruvian ichthyofauna in general. Overall, Yarinacocha lake is an ecosystem with a high diversity of fish species that are valuable resources for the local people. Nonetheless, these resources are vulnerable to pollution, overexploitation and the presence of exotic species that affect native populations. Our study contributes to the knowledge of the ichthyofauna of the Yarinacocha lake and can be used as a starting point for its conservation and sustainable management over time. Acknowledgments We thank Roberto Quispe, Gian Pier Valenzuela, Ricardo López, Julio Ramirez, Flavio Lima for the help in the identification of some species and help in the field. Authors were supported by Concytec- Banco Mundial “Mejoramiento y Ampliación de los Servicios del Sistema Nacional de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica” 8682-PE, through the Programa Nacional de Investigación Científica y Estudios Avanzados (ProCiencia) grants number 022-2019- FONDECYT-BM and 363-2019-FONDECYT. Data Availability Supporting data are available at: Britzke, Ricardo, 2022, “Fishes from Yarinacocha lake: an emblematic Amazonian ecosystem in the lower Ucayali River basin, Pucallpa, Peru”, https://doi.org/10.48331/scielodata.4FNJMY, SciELO Data, DRAFT VERSION. References ALBERT, J.S. 2001. Species diversity and phylogenetic systematics of American knifefishes (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei). Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. University of Michigan 190:1–129. ALBERT J.S 2001 Species diversity and phylogenetic systematics of American knifefishes (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei). Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. University of Michigan 190 1 129 ANDREWS, C. 1990. The ornamental fish trade and fish conservation. Journal of Fish Biology, 37:53–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05020.x ANDREWS C 1990 The ornamental fish trade and fish conservation Journal of Fish Biology 37 53 59 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05020.x ARBOUR, J.H., SALAZAR, R.E.B. & LÓPEZ-FERNÁNDEZ, H. 2014. A new species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the río Danta, Ecuador, with a key to the species in the genus. Copeia:79–86. ARBOUR J.H. SALAZAR R.E.B LÓPEZ-FERNÁNDEZ H 2014 A new species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the río Danta, Ecuador, with a key to the species in the genus Copeia 79 86 BARLETTA, M., JAUREGUIZAR, A.J., BAIGUN, C., FONTOURA, N.F., AGOSTINHO, A.A., ALMEIDA-VAL, V.M.F, VAL, A.L., TORRES, R.A., JIMENES-SEGURA, L.F., GIARRIZZO, T., FABRÉ, N.N., BATISTA, V.S., LASSO, C., TAPHORN, D.C., COSTA, M.F., CHAVES, P.T., VIEIRA, J.P. & CORRÊA, M.F.M. 2010. Fish and aquatic habitat conservation in South America: a continental overview with emphasis on neotropical systems. Journal of Fish Biology, 76:2118–2176. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02684.x BARLETTA M. JAUREGUIZAR A.J. BAIGUN C. FONTOURA N.F. AGOSTINHO A.A. ALMEIDA-VAL V.M.F VAL A.L. TORRES R.A. JIMENES-SEGURA L.F. GIARRIZZO T. FABRÉ N.N. BATISTA V.S. LASSO C. TAPHORN D.C. COSTA M.F. CHAVES P.T. VIEIRA J.P. CORRÊA M.F.M 2010 Fish and aquatic habitat conservation in South America: a continental overview with emphasis on neotropical systems Journal of Fish Biology 76 2118 2176 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02684.x BARTHEM, R., GOULDING, M., FORSBERG, B., CAÑAS, C. & ORTEGA, H. 2003. Aquatic Ecology of the Río Madre de Dios. Lima: Biblos. 117 p. BARTHEM R. GOULDING M. FORSBERG B. CAÑAS C ORTEGA H 2003 Aquatic Ecology of the Río Madre de Dios Lima: Biblos. 117 BETANCUR-R, R., WILEY, E.O., ARRATIA, G., ACERO, A., BAILLY, N., MIYA, M., LECOINTRE, G. & ORTÍ, G. 2017. Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes. BMC Evol Biol17, 162. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3 BETANCUR-R R. WILEY E.O. ARRATIA G. ACERO A. BAILLY N. MIYA M. LECOINTRE G. ORTÍ G. 2017 Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes BMC Evol Biol 17 162 10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3 BLANK, T. & BURGGREN, W. 2014. Hypoxia-induced developmental plasticity of the gills and air-breathing organ of Trichopodus trichopterus. J Fish Biol, 84:808–826. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12319 BLANK T BURGGREN W 2014 Hypoxia-induced developmental plasticity of the gills and air-breathing organ of Trichopodus trichopterus J Fish Biol 84 808 826 10.1111/jfb.12319 BRITSKI, H.A. & BIRINDELLI, J.L.O. 2008. Description of a new species of the genus Leporinus Spix (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from the rio Araguaia, Brazil, with comments on the taxonomy and distribution of L. parae and L. lacustris. Neotropical Ichthyology, (1):45–51. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252008000100005 BRITSKI H.A BIRINDELLI J.L.O 2008 Description of a new species of the genus Leporinus Spix (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from the rio Araguaia, Brazil, with comments on the taxonomy and distribution of L. parae and L. lacustris. Neotropical Ichthyology 1 45 51 10.1590/S1679-62252008000100005 BRITZKE, R. 2011. Revisão taxonômica do grupo Moenkhausia dichroura (Kner, 1858) (Characiformes: Characidae). Msc Thesis, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. BRITZKE R 2011 Revisão taxonômica do grupo Moenkhausia dichroura (Kner, 1858) (Characiformes: Characidae) Msc Thesis Universidade Estadual Paulista Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil BURGESS, W.E. 1989. An atlas of freshwater and marine catfishes. A preliminary survey of the Siluriformes. TFH Publication, Neptune City, Canada, 28. p. 305–325. BURGESS W.E 1989 An atlas of freshwater and marine catfishes A preliminary survey of the Siluriformes TFH Publication Neptune City, Canada 28 305 325 CAMPBELL, E., ALFARO-SHIGUETO, J., GODLEY, B. & MANGEL, J. 2017. Abundance estimate of the Amazon River Dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) and the tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis) in southern Ucayali, Peru. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research. 45:957–969. 10.3856/vol45-issue5-fulltext-11 CAMPBELL E. ALFARO-SHIGUETO J. GODLEY B MANGEL J 2017 Abundance estimate of the Amazon River Dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) and the tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis) in southern Ucayali, Peru Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research. 45 957 969 10.3856/vol45-issue5-fulltext-11 CARVALHO, T.P., ESPINO, J., MÁXIME, E., QUISPE, R., RENGIFO, B., ORTEGA, H. & ALBERT, J.S. 2011. Fishes from the lower Urubamba river near Sepahua, Amazon Basin, Peru. Check List, 7(4):413–442. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.4.413 CARVALHO T.P. ESPINO J. MÁXIME E. QUISPE R. RENGIFO B. ORTEGA H ALBERT J.S 2011 Fishes from the lower Urubamba river near Sepahua, Amazon Basin, Peru Check List 7 4 413 442 10.15560/7.4.413 CASTELLO, L., STEWART, D.J. & ARANTES, C.C. 2011. Modeling population dynamics and conservation of Arapaima in the Amazon. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 21(3):623–640 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-010-9197-z CASTELLO L. STEWART D.J ARANTES C.C 2011 Modeling population dynamics and conservation of Arapaima in the Amazon Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 21 3 623 640 10.1007/s11160-010-9197-z CHANG, A.L., GROSSMAN, J.D., SPEZIO, T.S., WEISKEL, H.W., BLUM, J.C., BURT, J.W., MUIR, A.A., PIOVIA-SCOTT, J., VEBLEN, K.E. & GROSHOLZ, E.D. 2009. Tackling aquatic invasions: risks and opportunities for the aquarium fish industry. Biological Invasions, 11(4):773–785. CHANG A.L. GROSSMAN J.D. SPEZIO T.S. WEISKEL H.W. BLUM J.C. BURT J.W. MUIR A.A. PIOVIA-SCOTT J. VEBLEN K.E. GROSHOLZ E.D. 2009 Tackling aquatic invasions: risks and opportunities for the aquarium fish industry Biological Invasions 11 4 773 785 CHAO, N.L. 2001. Fisheries, diversity and conservation of ornamental fish of the Rio Negro River, Brazil- a review of Project Piaba (1989–99). 2001. In Conservation and Management of Ornamental Fish Resources of the Rio Negro Basin, Amazonia, Brazil- Project Piaba (L.N. Chao, P. Petry, G. Prang, L. Sonneschein, & M. Tlusty, eds). Manaus: University of Amazonas Press, p. 161–204. CHAO N.L 2001 Fisheries, diversity and conservation of ornamental fish of the Rio Negro River, Brazil- a review of Project Piaba (1989–99). 2001. Conservation and Management of Ornamental Fish Resources of the Rio Negro Basin, Amazonia, Brazil- Project Piaba Chao L.N. Petry P. Prang G. Sonneschein L. Tlusty M. Manaus University of Amazonas Press 161 204 CHEONG, L. 1996. Overview of the current international trade in ornamental fish, with special reference to Singapore. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics), 15(2):445–481. CHEONG L 1996 Overview of the current international trade in ornamental fish, with special reference to Singapore Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) 15 2 445 481 CHUCTAYA, J., MEZA-VARGAS, V., FAUSTINO-FUSTER, D.R., HIDALGO, M. & ORTEGA, H. 2022. Lista De Especies De Peces De La Cuenca Del Río Ucayali, Perú. Revista Peruana De Biología 29 (4):e20049. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v29i4.20049 CHUCTAYA J. MEZA-VARGAS V. FAUSTINO-FUSTER D.R. HIDALGO M. ORTEGA H. 2022 Lista De Especies De Peces De La Cuenca Del Río Ucayali, Perú. Revista Peruana De Biología 29 4 e20049 10.15381/rpb.v29i4.20049 CRAMPTON, W.G.R., DE SANTANA, C.D., WADDELL, J.C. & LOVEJOY, N.R. 2016. A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical electric fish genus Brachyhypopomus (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes: Hypopomidae), with descriptions of 15 new species. Neotropical Ichthyology, v. 14, n. 04:e150146. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20150146 CRAMPTON W.G.R. DE SANTANA C.D. WADDELL J.C LOVEJOY N.R 2016 A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical electric fish genus Brachyhypopomus (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes: Hypopomidae), with descriptions of 15 new species Neotropical Ichthyology 14 04 e150146 10.1590/1982-0224-20150146 DAGOSTA, F. & DE PINNA, M. 2019. The Fishes of the Amazon: Distribution and Biogeographical Patterns, with a Comprehensive List of Species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 431. 1. https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090.431.1.1 DAGOSTA F DE PINNA M 2019 The Fishes of the Amazon: Distribution and Biogeographical Patterns, with a Comprehensive List of Species Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 431 1 10.1206/0003-0090.431.1.1 DE SANTANA, C.D., CRAMPTON, W.G.R., DILLMAN, C.B., FREDERICO, R.G., SABAJ, M.H., COVAIN, R., READY, J., ZUANON, J., DE OLIVEIRA, R.R., MENDES-JÚNIOR, R.N., BASTOS, D.A., TEIXEIRA, T.F., MOL, J., OHARA, W., CASTRO e CASTRO, N., PEIXOTO, L.A., NAGAMACHI, C., SOUSA, L., MONTAG, L.F.A, RIBERIRO F., WADDELL, J.C., PIORSKY, N.M., VARI, R.P. & WOSIAKI, W.B. 2019. Unexpected species diversity in electric eels with a description of the strongest living bioelectricity generator. Nat Commun 10, 4000. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11690-z DE SANTANA C.D. CRAMPTON W.G.R. DILLMAN C.B. FREDERICO R.G. SABAJ M.H. COVAIN R. READY J. ZUANON J. DE OLIVEIRA R.R. MENDES-JÚNIOR R.N. BASTOS D.A. TEIXEIRA T.F. MOL J. OHARA W. CASTRO e CASTRO N. PEIXOTO L.A. NAGAMACHI C. SOUSA L. MONTAG L.F.A RIBERIRO F. WADDELL J.C. PIORSKY N.M. VARI R.P. WOSIAKI W.B. 2019 Unexpected species diversity in electric eels with a description of the strongest living bioelectricity generator Nat Commun 10 4000 10.1038/s41467-019-11690-z DEGANI, G., VEKSLER-LUBLINSKY, I. & MEERSON, A. 2021. Markers of Genetic Variation in Blue Gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) as a Model for Labyrinth Fish. Biology. 10(3):228. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10030228 DEGANI G. VEKSLER-LUBLINSKY I MEERSON A 2021 Markers of Genetic Variation in Blue Gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) as a Model for Labyrinth Fish Biology. 10 3 228 10.3390/biology10030228 DUPONCHELLE, F., ISAAC, V.J., RODRIGUES DA COSTA DORIA, C., VAN DAMME, P.A., HERRERA-R, G.A., ANDERSON, E.P., CRUZ, R.E.A., HAUSER, M., HERMANN, T., AGUDELO, E., BONILLA-CASTILLO, C., BARTHEM, R., FREITAS, C.E.C., GARCÍA-DÁVILA, C., GARCÍA-VASQUEZ, A., RENNO, J.F. & CASTELLO, L. 2021. Conservation of migratory fishes in the Amazon basin. Aquatic Conservation: Mar Freshw Ecosyst, 31: 1087–1105. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3550 DUPONCHELLE F. ISAAC V.J. RODRIGUES DA COSTA DORIA C. VAN DAMME P.A. HERRERA-R G.A. ANDERSON E.P. CRUZ R.E.A HAUSER M. HERMANN T. AGUDELO E. BONILLA-CASTILLO C. BARTHEM R. FREITAS C.E.C GARCÍA-DÁVILA C. GARCÍA-VASQUEZ A. RENNO J.F. CASTELLO L. 2021 Conservation of migratory fishes in the Amazon basin. Aquatic Conservation: Mar Freshw Ecosyst 31 1087 1105 10.1002/aqc.3550 FRICKE, R., ESCHMEYER, W.N. & VAN DER LAAN, R. 2022. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Calif. Acad. Sci. FRICKE R. ESCHMEYER W.N VAN DER LAAN R. 2022 Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references Calif. Acad. Sci. GARCÍA, G.A., VARGAS, G., NOLORBE, C., NÚÑEZ, J., MARIAC, C., DUPONCHELLE, F. & RENNO, J.F. 2018. Peces De Consumo de la Amazonía Peruana. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP). Iquitos, Peru. 218. GARCÍA G.A. VARGAS G. NOLORBE C. NÚÑEZ J. MARIAC C. DUPONCHELLE F RENNO J.F 2018 Peces De Consumo de la Amazonía Peruana Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP). Iquitos, Peru 218 GALVIS, G., MOJICA, J.I., DUQUE, S.R., CASTELLANOS, C., SÁNCHEZ-DUARTE, P., ARCE, M., GUTIÉRREZ, A., JIMÉNEZ, L.F., SANTOS, M., VEJARANO-RIVADENEIRA, S., ARBELÁEZ, F., PRIETO, E. & LEIVA, M. 2006. Peces del medio Amazonas. Región de Leticia. Serie de Guías Tropicales de Campo Nº 5. Conservación Internacional. Editorial Panamericana, Formas e Impresos. Bogotá, Colombia. 548. GALVIS G. MOJICA J.I. DUQUE S.R. CASTELLANOS C. SÁNCHEZ-DUARTE P. ARCE M. GUTIÉRREZ A. JIMÉNEZ L.F. SANTOS M. VEJARANO-RIVADENEIRA S. ARBELÁEZ F. PRIETO E. LEIVA M. 2006 Peces del medio Amazonas. Región de Leticia. Serie de Guías Tropicales de Campo Nº 5. Conservación Internacional. Editorial Panamericana, Formas e Impresos Bogotá, Colombia 548 GARAVELLO, J.C. & BRITSKI, H.A. 2003. Family Anostomidae. In Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America (R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander, C.J. Ferraris Jr., eds). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, p. 71–84. GARAVELLO J.C BRITSKI H.A 2003 Family Anostomidae In Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America Reis R.E. Kullander S.O. Ferraris C.J. Jr. Porto Alegre EDIPUCRS 71 84 GARCÍA-DÁVILA, C., SÁNCHEZ, H., FLORES, M., MEJIA, J., ANGULO, C., CASTRO-RUIZ, D., ESTIVALS, G., GARCÍA-VÁSQUEZ, A., ALONSO, J., CARVAJAL, F., MOREAU, J., NUÑEZ, J., RENNO, J.F., TELLO, S., MONTREUIL, V. & DUPONCHELLE, F. 2009. Life-history characteristics of the large Amazonian migratory catfish Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii in the Iquitos region, Peru. Journal of Fish Biology, 75(10):2527–2551. GARCÍA-DÁVILA C. SÁNCHEZ H. FLORES M. MEJIA J. ANGULO C. CASTRO-RUIZ D. ESTIVALS G. GARCÍA-VÁSQUEZ A. ALONSO J. CARVAJAL F. MOREAU J. NUÑEZ J. RENNO J.F. TELLO S. MONTREUIL V. DUPONCHELLE F. 2009 Life-history characteristics of the large Amazonian migratory catfish Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii in the Iquitos region, Peru Journal of Fish Biology 75 10 2527 2551 GARCÍA-DÁVILA, C., ESTIVALS, G., MEJIA, J., FLORES, M., ANGULO, C., SÁNCHEZ, H., NOLORBE C., CHUQUIPIONDO, C., CASTRO-RUIZ, D., GARCÍA, A., ORTEGA, H., PINEDO, L., MARIAC, C., DUPONCHELLE, F., OLIVEIRA, C., RÖMER, U. & RENNO J.F. 2020. Peces ornamentales de la Amazonia Peruana. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP). Iquitos, Peru. 503 pp. GARCÍA-DÁVILA C. ESTIVALS G. MEJIA J. FLORES M. ANGULO C. SÁNCHEZ H. NOLORBE C. CHUQUIPIONDO C. CASTRO-RUIZ D. GARCÍA A. ORTEGA H. PINEDO L. MARIAC C. DUPONCHELLE F. OLIVEIRA C. RÖMER U. RENNO J.F. 2020 Peces ornamentales de la Amazonia Peruana Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) Iquitos, Peru. 503 GÉRY, J. 1977. Characoids of the World. TFH Publications, Neptune City. 672 pp. GÉRY J 1977 Characoids of the World TFH Publications Neptune City 672 GOULDING, M., BARTHEM, R., FORSBERG, B., CAÑAS, C. & ORTEGA, H. 2003. Las fuentes del Amazonas: Ríos, vida y conservación de la cuenca del Madre de Dios. Asociación para la Conservación de la Cuenca Amazónica (ACCA)/Amazon Conservation Association (ACA). Gráfica Biblos S.A., Lima, Perú. 198. GOULDING M. BARTHEM R. FORSBERG B. CAÑAS C ORTEGA H 2003 Las fuentes del Amazonas: Ríos, vida y conservación de la cuenca del Madre de Dios Asociación para la Conservación de la Cuenca Amazónica (ACCA)/Amazon Conservation Association (ACA) Gráfica Biblos S.A., Lima, Perú 198 IIAP. 2011. Peces ornamentales amazónicos: catálogo 2011. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru. 218. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12921/138 IIAP 2011 Peces ornamentales amazónicos: catálogo 2011 Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana Iquitos, Peru 218 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12921/138 IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org (last access in 01 Aug 2022). IUCN 2022 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1 https://www.iucnredlist.org last access in 01 Aug 2022 JUNK, W.J., BAYLEY, P.B. & SPARKS, R.E. 1989 The flood pulse concept in river– floodplain systems. Special Publication of the Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 106:10–127. JUNK W.J. BAYLEY P.B. SPARKS R.E. 1989 The flood pulse concept in river– floodplain systems Special Publication of the Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 106 10 127 KULLANDER, S.O. 1986. Cichlid fishes of the Amazon River drainage of Peru. Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Research Division, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. 394. KULLANDER S.O 1986 Cichlid fishes of the Amazon River drainage of Peru Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Research Division, Swedish Museum of Natural History Stockholm, Sweden 394 KULLANDER, S.O. & FERREIRA, E.J.G. 2006. A review of the South American cichlid genus Cichla, with descriptions of nine new species (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 17:289–398. KULLANDER S.O FERREIRA E.J.G 2006 A review of the South American cichlid genus Cichla, with descriptions of nine new species (Teleostei: Cichlidae) Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 17 289 398 LITTMANN, M.W., LUNDBERG, J.G. & ROCHA, M.S. 2021. Revision of the South American catfish genus Hypophthalmus (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae) with descriptions of two new species from the Amazon and Orinoco Basins. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 167(1), 171–223. LITTMANN M.W. LUNDBERG J.G ROCHA M.S 2021 Revision of the South American catfish genus Hypophthalmus (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae) with descriptions of two new species from the Amazon and Orinoco Basins Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 167 1 171 223 MAGO-LECCIA, F. 1994. Electric Fishes of the Continental Waters of America. Peces Eléctricos de las Aguas Continentales de América. Biblioteca de la Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales. Vol XXIX. Caracas, Venezuela. 226. MAGO-LECCIA F 1994 Electric Fishes of the Continental Waters of America. Peces Eléctricos de las Aguas Continentales de América Biblioteca de la Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales XXIX Caracas, Venezuela 226 MALABARBA, M.C.S.L. 2004. Revision of the Neotropical genus Triportheus Cope, 1872 (Characiformes: Characidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 2:167–204. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-6225200400040000 MALABARBA M.C.S.L 2004 Revision of the Neotropical genus Triportheus Cope, 1872 (Characiformes: Characidae) Neotropical Ichthyology 2 167 204 10.1590/S1679-6225200400040000 MEZA-VARGAS, V., FAUSTINO-FUSTER, D.R., CHUCTAYA, J., HIDALGO, M. & ORTEGA TORRES H. 2021. Lista de especies de peces de agua dulce de Loreto, Perú. Revista Peruana de Biología 28 (especial): e21911. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v28iespecial.21911 MEZA-VARGAS V. FAUSTINO-FUSTER D.R. CHUCTAYA J. HIDALGO M. ORTEGA TORRES H. 2021 Lista de especies de peces de agua dulce de Loreto, Perú. Revista Peruana de Biología 28 especial e21911 10.15381/rpb.v28iespecial.21911 MINAM (MINISTERIO DEL AMBIENTE). 2021. Línea base de los peces ornamentales con fines de bioseguridad en el Peru. https://bioseguridad.minam.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/ldb_pecesornam_2021.pdf MINAM (MINISTERIO DEL AMBIENTE) 2021 Línea base de los peces ornamentales con fines de bioseguridad en el Peru https://bioseguridad.minam.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/ldb_pecesornam_2021.pdf MOREAU, M. & COOMES, O. 2007. Aquarium fish exploitation in western Amazonia: Conservation issues in Perú. Environmental Conservation, 34(1):12–22. doi:10.1017/S0376892907003566 MOREAU M COOMES O 2007 Aquarium fish exploitation in western Amazonia: Conservation issues in Perú Environmental Conservation 34 1 12 22 10.1017/S0376892907003566 NAGEL, G.W., NOVO, E.M.L.M., MARTIN, V.S., CAMPOS-SILVA, J.V., BARBOSA, C.C.F. & BONNET, M.P. 2022. Impacts of meander migration on the Amazon riverine communities using Landsat time series and cloud computing. Sci. Total Environ, 806, 150449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150449 NAGEL G.W. NOVO E.M.L.M. MARTIN V.S. CAMPOS-SILVA J.V. BARBOSA C.C.F BONNET M.P. 2022 Impacts of meander migration on the Amazon riverine communities using Landsat time series and cloud computing Sci. Total Environ 806 150449 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150449 NEUENDORF, K.K.E., MEHL, J.P. & JACKSON, J.A. 2005. Glossary of Geology. 5 ed. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag. NEUENDORF K.K.E. MEHL J.P. JACKSON J.A. 2005 Glossary of Geology 5 ed. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York Springer-Verlag NOGUEIRA, A.F., OLIVEIRA, C., LANGEANI, F. & NETTO-FERREIRA, A.L. 2021. Overlooked biodiversity of mitochondrial lineages in Hemiodus (Ostariophysi, Characiformes). Zoologica Scripta, 337–351. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12469 NOGUEIRA A.F. OLIVEIRA C. LANGEANI F NETTO-FERREIRA A.L 2021 Overlooked biodiversity of mitochondrial lineages in Hemiodus (Ostariophysi, Characiformes) Zoologica Scripta 337 351 10.1111/zsc.12469 OLIVEIRA, C., AVELINO, G.S., ABE, K.T., MARIGUELA, T.C., BENINE, R.C., ORTÍ, G., VARI, R.P. & CORRÊA E CASTRO, R.M. 2011. Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling. BMC evolutionary biology, 11(1):1–25. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-275 OLIVEIRA C. AVELINO G.S. ABE K.T. MARIGUELA T.C. BENINE R.C. ORTÍ G. VARI R.P. CORRÊA E CASTRO R.M. 2011 Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling BMC evolutionary biology 11 1 1 25 10.1186/1471-2148-11-275 ORTEGA, H., GUERRA, H. & RAMÍREZ, R. 2007. The Introduction of Non-native Fishes into Freshwater Systems of Peru, in: BERT T.M. (Ed.), Ecological and Genetic Implications of Aquaculture Activities. Methods and Technologies in Fish Biology and Fisheries, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht, pp.247–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6148-6_14 ORTEGA H. GUERRA H RAMÍREZ R 2007 The Introduction of Non-native Fishes into Freshwater Systems of Peru BERT T.M. Ecological and Genetic Implications of Aquaculture Activities. Methods and Technologies in Fish Biology and Fisheries 6 Springer Dordrecht 247 278 10.1007/978-1-4020-6148-6_14 ORTEGA, H. & HIDALGO, M. 2008. Health & Management. Freshwater fishes and aquatic habitats in Peru: Current knowledge and conservation. Aquatic Ecosystem doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980802319135 ORTEGA H HIDALGO M 2008 Health & Management. Freshwater fishes and aquatic habitats in Peru: Current knowledge and conservation. Aquatic Ecosystem 10.1080/14634980802319135 ORTEGA, H., HIDALGO, M. TREVEJO, G., CORREA, E., CORTIJO, A.M., MEZA, V. & ESPINO, J. 2012. Lista anotada de los peces de aguas continentales del Perú: Estado actual del conocimiento, distribución, usos y aspectos de conservación. Segunda Edición. Ministerio del Ambiente, Dirección General de Diversidad Biológica - Museo de Historia Natural, UNMSM. p. 56. ORTEGA H. HIDALGO M TREVEJO G. CORREA E. CORTIJO A.M. MEZA V. ESPINO J. 2012 Lista anotada de los peces de aguas continentales del Perú: Estado actual del conocimiento, distribución, usos y aspectos de conservación. Segunda Edición. Ministerio del Ambiente, Dirección General de Diversidad Biológica - Museo de Historia Natural UNMSM 56 PNIPA (PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE INNOVACIÓN EN PESCA Y ACUICULTURA). 2021. Estudio de prospectiva: cadena de valor de peces ornamentales. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12864/302 PNIPA (PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE INNOVACIÓN EN PESCA Y ACUICULTURA) 2021 Estudio de prospectiva: cadena de valor de peces ornamentales https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12864/302 QUEIROZ, L.J.D., VILARA, G.T., OHARA, W.M., PIRES, T.H.D.S., ZUANON, J.A.S. & DÓRIA, C.R. 2013. Peixes do Rio Madeira y Cuyari Pirá Ketá, vol. 1, 2, 3. 1172. QUEIROZ L.J.D. VILARA G.T. OHARA W.M. PIRES T.H.D.S. ZUANON J.A.S DÓRIA C.R 2013 Peixes do Rio Madeira y Cuyari Pirá Ketá 1, 2, 3 1172 QUEZADA-GARCIA, M., HIDALGO, M., TARAZONA, J. & ORTEGA, H. 2017. Ictiofauna de la cuenca del río Aguaytía, Ucayali, Perú. Revista peruana de biología, 24(4):331–342. QUEZADA-GARCIA M. HIDALGO M. TARAZONA J ORTEGA H 2017 Ictiofauna de la cuenca del río Aguaytía, Ucayali, Perú Revista peruana de biología 24 4 331 342 RAMIREZ, J.L., CARVALHO-COSTA, L.F., VENERE, P.C., CARVALHO, D.C., TROY, W.P. & GALETTI, P.M. 2016. Testing monophyly of the freshwater fish Leporinus (Characiformes. Anostomidae) through molecular analysis. J. Fish Biol. 88:1204–1214. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12906 RAMIREZ J.L. CARVALHO-COSTA L.F. VENERE P.C. CARVALHO D.C. TROY W.P. GALETTI P.M. 2016 Testing monophyly of the freshwater fish Leporinus (Characiformes. Anostomidae) through molecular analysis J. Fish Biol. 88 1204 1214 10.1111/jfb.12906 REID, G.M. 2013. Introduction to freshwater fishes and their conservation. Int. Zoo. Yb. 47:1–5. REID G.M 2013 Introduction to freshwater fishes and their conservation Int. Zoo. Yb. 47 1 5 REIS, R.E., KULLANDER, S.O. & FERRARIS, JR. C.J. 2003. Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Edipucrs, Porto Alegre, 742. REIS R.E. KULLANDER S.O FERRARIS C.J JR. 2003 Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America Edipucrs, Porto Alegre 742 REIS, R.E., ALBERT, J.S., DI DARIO, F., MINCARONE, M.M., PETRY, P. & ROCHA, L.A. 2016. Fish biodiversity and conservation in South America. J Fish Biol, 89:12–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13016 REIS R.E. ALBERT J.S. DI DARIO F. MINCARONE M.M. PETRY P. ROCHA L.A. 2016 Fish biodiversity and conservation in South America. J Fish Biol 89 12 47 10.1111/jfb.13016 REVENGA, C., MURRAY, S., ABRAMOVITZ, J. & HAMMOND, A. 1998. Watersheds of the World: Ecological Value and Vulnerability. Washington (DC) World Resources Institute, Washington, DC. REVENGA C. MURRAY S. ABRAMOVITZ J HAMMOND A 1998 Watersheds of the World: Ecological Value and Vulnerability Washington (DC) World Resources Institute Washington, DC RIOFRÍO, J.C. 2002. Aspectos biométricos y reproductivos de boquichico Prochilodus nigricans Agassiz, 1829 (Pisces: Prochilodontidae) en Ucayali, Perú. Revista Peruana de Biología, 9(2):111–115. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v9i2.2529. RIOFRÍO J.C 2002 Aspectos biométricos y reproductivos de boquichico Prochilodus nigricans Agassiz, 1829 (Pisces: Prochilodontidae) en Ucayali, Perú. Revista Peruana de Biología 9 2 111 115 10.15381/rpb.v9i2.2529 RONDÓN-ESPINOZA, J., GAVIDIA, C., GONZÁLEZ, R. & RAMOS, D. 2022. Water Quality and Microbiological Contamination across the Fish Marketing Chain: A Case Study in the Peruvian Amazon (Lagoon Yarinacocha). Water. 14. 1465. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14091465 RONDÓN-ESPINOZA J. GAVIDIA C. GONZÁLEZ R RAMOS D 2022 Water Quality and Microbiological Contamination across the Fish Marketing Chain: A Case Study in the Peruvian Amazon (Lagoon Yarinacocha). Water 14 1465 10.3390/w14091465 SALAZAR-RAMÍREZ, L.E., RIOFRÍO-QUIJANDRÍA, J.C., ZAVALETA-FLORES, J.O. & RUBIO-RODRÍGUEZ, J.A. 2021. Análisis de los desembarques de la pesca comercial en Yarinacocha (Ucayali, Perú) entre 2015-2019. Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú, 32(4):e20931. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v32i4.20931 SALAZAR-RAMÍREZ L.E. RIOFRÍO-QUIJANDRÍA J.C. ZAVALETA-FLORES J.O RUBIO-RODRÍGUEZ J.A 2021 Análisis de los desembarques de la pesca comercial en Yarinacocha (Ucayali, Perú) entre 2015-2019. Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 32 4 e20931 10.15381/rivep.v32i4.20931 SILVA-SANTOS, R., RAMIREZ, J.L., GALETTI, JR. P.M. & FREITAS, P.D. 2018. Molecular Evidences of a Hidden Complex Scenario in Leporinus cf. friderici. Frontiers in Genetics, 9:1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00047 SILVA-SANTOS R. RAMIREZ J.L. GALETTI P.M. JR FREITAS P.D. 2018 Molecular Evidences of a Hidden Complex Scenario in Leporinus cf. friderici Frontiers in Genetics 9 1 9 10.3389/fgene.2018.00047 TRUJILLO-GONZÁLEZ, A., BECKER, J., VAUGHAN, D.B. & HUTSON, K.S. 2018. Monogenean parasites infect ornamental fish imported to Australia. Parasitology Research. 117:995–1011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-5776-z TRUJILLO-GONZÁLEZ A. BECKER J. VAUGHAN D.B HUTSON K.S 2018 Monogenean parasites infect ornamental fish imported to Australia Parasitology Research. 117 995 1011 10.1007/s00436-018-5776-z VAN DER SLEEN, P. & ALBERT, J.S. 2017. Field guide to the fishes of the Amazon, Orinoco and Guianas. Princeton University Press, Princeton, USA. VAN DER SLEEN P ALBERT J.S 2017 Field guide to the fishes of the Amazon, Orinoco and Guianas Princeton University Press Princeton, USA VITORINO, C.A., NOGUEIRA, F., SOUZA, I.L, ARARIPE, J. & VENERE, P.C. 2017. Low Genetic Diversity and Structuring of the Arapaima (Osteoglossiformes, Arapaimidae) Population of the Araguaia-Tocantins Basin.Front. Genet. 8:159. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2017.00159 VITORINO C.A. NOGUEIRA F. SOUZA I.L ARARIPE J VENERE P.C 2017 Low Genetic Diversity and Structuring of the Arapaima (Osteoglossiformes, Arapaimidae) Population of the Araguaia-Tocantins Basin Front. Genet. 8 159 10.3389/fgene.2017.00159 WASIW, J., RIOFRIO, J. & MUÑOZ, V. 2012. Monitoreo de la pesquería comercial en Pucallpa y Yarinacocha, 2010 (Ucayali – Perú). Informe IMARPE, 39(3-4):288–293. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12958/2235 WASIW J. RIOFRIO J MUÑOZ V 2012 Monitoreo de la pesquería comercial en Pucallpa y Yarinacocha, 2010 (Ucayali – Perú) Informe IMARPE 39 3-4 288 293 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12958/2235