Author
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Definition
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Bonotto (2013BONOTTO, C. Artifacts as sources for problem-posing activities. Educational Studies in Mathematics, Dordrecht, v. 83, n. 1, p. 37-55, 2013., p. 39) |
The term problem posing has been used to refer both to the generation of new problems and to the reformulation of given problems |
Cai e Hwang (2020CAI, J.; HWANG, S. Learning to teach through mathematical problem posing: theoretical considerations, methodology, and directions for future research. International Journal of Educational Research, [s. L.], v. 102, [s. n.], p. 1-8, 2020., p. 3) |
(a) Students pose mathematical problems based on given problem situations which may include mathematical expressions or diagrams, and (b) students pose problems by changing (i.e., reformulating) existing problems. |
Chen e Cai (2020)CHEN, T.; CAI, J. An elementary mathematics teacher learning to teach using problem posing: A case of the distributive property of multiplication over addition, International Journal of Educational Research, v. 102, p. 1-11; 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2019.03.004. Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0883035518320299?via%3Dihub. Acesso em: 06 abr. 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2019.03.0...
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Teachers ask students to pose mathematical problems based on a given numerical expression. |
Elgrably e Leikin (2021ELGRABLY, H.; LEIKIN, R. Creativity as a Function of Problem-Solving Expertise: Posing New Problems Through Investigations. ZDM - Mathematics Education, Berlim, v. 53, [s. n.], p. 891-904, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-021-01228-3 Disponível em: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11858-021-01228-3. Acesso em: 06 abr. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-021-01228...
, p. 894) |
Problem posing is a broad concept, usually related to the creation of a new problem in response to a requirement to create a problem or a set of problems. |
Singer e Voica (2013SINGER, F. M.; VOICA, C. A Problem-Solving Conceptual Framework and its Implications in designing Problem-Posing tasks. Educational Studies in Mathematic s, Dordrecht, v. 83, [s. n.], p. 9-26, 2013. DOI: 10.1007/s10649-012-9422-x. Disponível em: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10649-012-9422-x. Acesso em: 04 abr. 2024 https://link.springer.com/article/10.100...
, p. 10) |
[...] PP involves extracting/identifying a (new) problem from the multitude of data or information available to the proposer. |
Stoyanova e Ellerton (1996STOYANOVA, E.; ELLERTON, N. F. A framework for research into students' problem posing in school mathematics. In: CLARKSON, P. C. (Ed.). Technology in mathematics education. Melbourne: Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia, 1996. p. 518-525., p. 518) |
Problem posing will be defined as the process by which, on the basis of mathematical experience, students construct personal interpretations of concrete situations and formulate them as meaningful mathematical problems. |
Xu et al. (2020) |
Problem posing refers to both the creation of new problems and the reformulation of certain problems. |
Cai (2022, p. 37) |
Problem posing is defined as the following specific intellectual activities: (1) Students pose mathematical problems based on given problem situations which may include mathematical expressions or diagrams; (2) students pose problems by changing (i.e., reformulating) existing problems; (3) teachers generate mathematical problem-posing situations for students to pose problems; and (4) teachers predict the kinds of problems that students can pose based on given problem situations. |