Risk factors |
De Luca Canto et al., 201520
|
No |
7 |
Pubmed, Embase Cochrane, Medline, Virtual Health Library, Google Scholar. June 16, 2014 |
2 |
Without restrictions |
Case-control, Cohort |
Case-control, Cohort |
Proposed by American Academy of Sleep Medicine |
QUIPS |
No |
Psychosocial factors: conformity, masculinity/femininity, maturity, aggression, inhibition, activity levels, sleep disturbance, somatization, daytime cognitive behavioral, stress, anxiety level, personality traits, stress, anxiety level, depressive symptom levels, and psychiatric disorders. |
There is no evidence in children under 5 years. |
Guo et al., 201721
|
No |
14 |
Pudmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, WF. September 12, 2016 |
2 |
Chinese and English |
RCT, Cross-sectional, Case-control, Cohort. |
Case-control, Cross-secional. |
Questionnaire for parents or guardians, Clinical examanination and parasitologic analysis |
NOS and Criteria of the cross-sectional/prevalence study quality |
Yes |
Sleep behaviors: snoring, mouth breathing, restless sleep, awakening at night, crying at night, position during sleep, sleep talking, drooling, night mares, sleep hours, obstructive sleep apnea, light on, noise in room, sleeping with hand on face, frequency of sleep starts, nap habit. |
Mouth breathing 1.51 (1.04–2.18) Position during sleep – on side vs on back (ref) 1.48 (1.07–2.06) Position during sleep – Stomach position vs on back (ref) 1.70 (1.20–2.39) Drooling 1.79 (1.07–2.97) Sleep talking 1.80 (1.02–3.18) Snoring 3.56 (2.88–4.38) Restless sleep 2.31 (1.89–2.83) **Lack of sleep. |
Guo et al., 20187
|
No |
18 |
Pudmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, WF. October 1, 2016 |
2 |
Chinese and English |
RCT, Case-control, Cohort. |
Case-control, Cohort. |
Questionnaire for parents or guardians |
NOS and RoB |
Yes |
Gender, age, gene, sleep position, secondhand smoke, personality traits, psychological reactions, responsibility, obstructive sleep apnea, restless sleep, sialorrhea, sleep hours, lights on, noise in room, headache, nail biting, objects biting, lip biting, cheek tonus, perioral musculature participation , driving problems, conduct problems, posterior crossbite, peer problems, emotional problems, birth weight, occupation of the family head, maternal marital status, family income, hyperactivity, primary canine wear, clenching teeth when awake. |
Male 1.13 (1.02-1.26) Headache 1.39 (1.07–1.8) Nail biting 1.52 (1.05–2.21) Peer problems 1.74 (1.39–2.18) Restless sleep 2.31 (1.62–3.29) Emotional symptoms 1.91 (1.32–2.75) Objects biting 1.99 (1.32–2.98) Mental Health problems 2.08 (1.67–2.58) **Gene, psychological reactions, responsibility, secondhand smoke, snore loudly, sleep with light on, noise in room, duration of sleep and conduct problem. |
Treatments |
Restrepo et al., 20199
|
No |
2 |
Medline/PubMed, Ovid, Biomed Central, EBSCO, ISI, Cochrane Library, Embase, LILACS, Scielo, Scirus, Metacrawler, Academic Google, dogpile, Looksmart, and Journal Sede. From March 1985 to the end of September 2007. |
2 |
Spanish and English |
Experiemntal studies |
Before and After. |
Questionnaires, an oral history taking (including a parent or guardian’s report of grinding sounds), and extraoral and intraoral inspections for clinical signs. |
Chalmers instrument |
No |
(1) Psychological therapy (2) Adenotonsillectomy (patients with respiratory difficulties) |
Absence of evidence for the treatment of bruxism. |
Chisini et al., 202023
|
No |
17 |
PubMed/Medline, SciVerse Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, BVS Bireme, annals of the International Association for Dental Research, pediatric conferences, and conventions, and in ResearchGate. May 2019 |
2 |
Without restrictions |
Case-control, Case series, Case reports, RCT, NRCT |
Clinical trial crossover, Clinical trial, Clinical case, RCT, Before and After. |
Self-reported, signs (headache, morning face/jaw pain |
RoB, NOS, tool developed by Murad et al. |
No |
Pharmacological interventiona: (1) Flurazepam (2) Hydroxyzine (3) Imipramine (4) Tradozone (5) Diazepam (6) Psychological intervention (7) Physiotherapy intervention |
Reduction in self-reported bruxism and headaches with medications (hydroxyzine/trazodone/flurazepam), occlusal splints, orthodontic interventions, and psychological and physical therapy interventions. Melissa officinalis showed inconclusive results. |
Ierardo et al., 202122
|
No |
10 |
Medline/PubMed,Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library. From 1950 to November 30, 2017 |
2 |
English, French, German, Spanish, Polish, and Portuguese. |
RCT, Sequential unblended phases studies, Cohort, Cross-sectional, Case-control. |
RCT, Sequential unblended phases. |
Tooth grinding and/or clenching – Parent-reported and investigation protocol. |
NOS and Jaded scale |
Yes |
1) Melissa officinalis (2) Hydroxyzine (3) Flurazepam vs. Placebo |
(1) Melissa officinalis OR=0.50 (0.10-2.60) (2) Hydroxyzine OR=10.63 (1.48-76.1) (3) Flurozepam OR=0.75 (0.17-3.33) Weak evidence of a possible efficacy of the Hydroxyzine |