Gingival crevicular fluid oxidative stress level in patients with periodontal disease and hyperlipidemia

Lutfioğlu, Müge; Aydoğdu, Ahmet; Atabay, Vadim Ekrem; Sakallioğlu, Elif Eser; Avci, Bahattin

doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0110

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Original Research • Braz. oral. res. 31 • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0110 copy

Gingival crevicular fluid oxidative stress level in patients with periodontal disease and hyperlipidemia

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

This study aimed to assess the impact of hyperlipidemia on healthy and diseased periodontal tissue by evaluating oxidative stress biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Clinical periodontal parameters and blood serum lipid, GCF malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) levels were evaluated in six age and sex-matched groups (n = 15 each) of normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic individuals as follows: normolipidemic + periodontally healthy (H), normolipidemic + gingivitis (G), normolipidemic + chronic periodontitis (CP), hyperlipidemic + periodontally healthy (HH), hyperlipidemic + gingivitis (HG), and hyperlipidemic + CP (HCP). GCF MDA, and PC levels varied among groups, with patients with periodontitis having the highest MDA and PC levels [CP > G > H (p < 0.01) and HCP > HG > HH (p < 0.01)] and the lowest TAOC levels [CP < G < H (p < 0.01) and HCP < HG < HH (p < 0.01)]. Furthermore, paired comparisons showed MDA and PC levels to be higher and TAOC levels to be lower in HCP compared with NCP (p < 0.01). In patients with hyperlipidemia, GCF, MDA, and PC levels positively correlated with clinical assessments and serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels and negatively correlated with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels, whereas GCF TAOC levels negatively correlated with clinical assessments and serum TG, TC, and LDL levels, but positively correlated with serum HDL levels (p < 0.01). In normolipidemic patients, GCF, MDA, and PC levels positively correlated with clinical assessments and serum TG levels and negatively correlated with serum HDL levels, whereas GCF TAOC levels negatively correlated with clinical assessments and serum TG levels and positively correlated with serum HDL levels (p < 0.01). In conclusion, abnormal serum lipid subfractions could be considered a risk factor for enhancing oxidative stress in GCF in the presence of periodontal disease.

Keywords:
Hyperlipidemia; Periodontal Disease; Malondialdehyde; Oxidative Stress

Clinical parameters	H	G	CP	HH	HG	HCP	p-value
Clinical parameters	n = 15	n = 15	n = 15	n = 15	n = 15	n = 15	p-value
Age (years)	38.30 ± 4.84	40.04 ± 3.93	42.17 ± 3.1	45.47 ± 6.66	41.0 ± 5.91	41.45 ± 4.81	0.205^* * Welch ANOVA test;
Sex (M/F)	07/08	07/08	09/06	07/08	07/08	09/06	0.132^§ § chi-square test; Values given as mean ± standard error of mean, except sex.
PI	0 ± 0	1.60 ± 0.13	2.10 ± 0.18	0 ± 0	1.75 ± 0.60	2.33 ± 0.17	0.001 ^* * Welch ANOVA test;
GI	0 ± 0	1.23 ± 0.11	2.31 ± 0.40	0.23 ± 0	1.37 ± 0.11	2.01 ± 0.53	0.001 ^* * Welch ANOVA test;
BOP (%)	0 ± 0	71.00 ± 1.78	92.72 ± 10.2	0 ± 0	71.89 ± 2.21	93.85 ± 1.92	0.001 ^* * Welch ANOVA test;
PPD (mm)	1.29 ± 0.23	1.91 ± 0.09	5.30 ± 0.55	1.39 ± 0.06	2.47 ± 1.75	5.64 ± 0.30	0.001 ^* * Welch ANOVA test;
CAL (mm)	1.29 ± 0.28	1.91 ± 0.09	7.41 ± 0.88	1.39 ± 0.06	2.47 ± 1.75	8.82 ± 0.68	0.001 ^* * Welch ANOVA test;

Biochemical parameters	Groups
	H	G	CP	HH	HG	HCP
	n = 15	n = 15	n = 15	n = 15	n = 15	n = 15
Serum TG (mg/dL)	71.8 ± 7.09	83.46 ± 7.12	109.33 ± 8.24	175.46 ± 4.11	175.80 ± 2.37	210.66 ± 10.63
Serum TC (mg/dL)	162.34 ± 5.21	147.62 ± 3.68	164.94 ± 3.03	252.38 ± 4.28	259.38 ± 3.42	279.19 ± 4.36
Serum HDL (mg/dL)	57.50 ± 3.18	56.30 ± 3.38	45.21 ± 1.73	50.25 ± 1.67	49.42 ± 2.57	44.14 ± 2.01
Serum LDL (mg/dL)	90.47 ± 4.96	91.31 ± 3.72	97.86 ± 2.52	167.04 ± 3.78	174.80 ± 2.86	192.91 ± 3.78
GCF MDA (μM)	144.09 ± 4.15	298.52 ± 18.90	802.09 ± 88.17	139.50 ± 3.40	292.98 ± 4.03	899.73 ± 16.58
GCF PC (pM)	0.05 ± 0.002	0.31 ± 0.004	1.91 ± 0.081	0.07 ± 0.003	0.41 ± 0.019	2.89 ± 0.104
GCF TAOc (μM)	92.21 ± 1.19	78.32 ± 0.84	69.70 ± 3.37	90.32 ± 0.74	70.58 ± 3.70	54.12 ± 1.06

Comparisons	Serum TG (mg/dL)	Serum TC (mg/dL)	Serum HDL (mg/dL)	Serum LDL (mg/dL)	GCF MDA (μM)	GCF PC (pM)	GCF TAOc (μM)
H-G	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test
H-CP	0.002^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	p > 0.05	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	p > 0.05	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test
G-CP	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	0.002^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	p > 0.05	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test
HH-HG	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test
HH-HCP	0.010^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.000^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	p > 0.05	0.000^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test
HG-HCP	0.010^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.016^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	p > 0.05	0.016^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test
H-HH	0.000^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.000^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.000^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.000^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	p > 0.05
G-HG	0.000^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.000^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.000^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.000^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	p > 0.05
CP-HCP	0.000^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.000^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.000^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.000^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.005^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test	0.001^* * Welch ANOVA test (p < 0.05), post-hoc Tamhane's T2 test

Variable	Normolipidemic subjects (n = 45)
	r values
	PI	GI	BOP %	PPD (mm)	CAL (mm)	Serum TG	Serum TC	Serum HDL	Serum LDL
	PI	GI	BOP %	PPD (mm)	CAL (mm)	(mg/dL)	(mg/dL)	(mg/dL)	(mg/dL)
GCF MDA (>M)	0.713^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.704^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.660^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.858^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.868^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.433^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	NS	-0.464^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	NS
GCF PC (pM)	0.571^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.566^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.505^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.770^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.842^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.456^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	NS	-0.465^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	NS
GCF TAOC (>M)	-0.713^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	-0.740^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	-0.770^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	-0.640^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	-0.693^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	NS	NS	0.393^ Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.05 level; NS: not significant.	NS

Variable	SUBJECTS WITH HYPERLIPIDEMIA (n = 45)
	r values
	PI	GI	BOP	PPD (mm)	CAL (mm)	Serum TG (mg/dL)	Serum TC	Serum HDL	Serum LDL
	PI	GI	%	PPD (mm)	CAL (mm)	Serum TG (mg/dL)	(mg/dL)	(mg/dL)	(mg/dL)
GCF MDA (μM)	0.724^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.746^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.738^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.976^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.979^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.591^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.558^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	-0.323^ Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.05 level; NS: not significant.	0.625^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;
GCF PC (pM)	0.685^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.762^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.773^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.834^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.975^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.643^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.567^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	-0.372^ Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.05 level; NS: not significant.	0.594^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;
GCF TAOC (μM)	-0.825^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	-0.817^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	-0.849^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	-0.836^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	-0.891^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	-0.476^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.575^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;	0.261^ Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.05 level; NS: not significant.	-0.623^* * Pearson's correlation test, significant at the 0.01 level;

Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica - SBPqO Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, 05508-000 São Paulo SP - Brazil, Tel. (55 11) 3044-2393/(55 11) 9-7557-1244 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: office.bor@ingroup.srv.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Corresponding Author: Müge LUTFIOGLU E-mail: mugelutfioglu@hotmail.com