Acharya et al., 2015,19 India |
42.7/ 30–55 |
P: 15 DMP: 15 |
≥ 20 natural teeth; ≥ 4 teeth with probing depth ≥ 5mm; clinical attachment loss ≥ 2mm; bleeding on probing; radiographic bone loss (long cone technique). |
|
≥ 7% |
Serum; IL-10 |
P: 10.50±0.61 pg/ml |
Cross-sectional |
DMP 11.35±0.97 pg/ml |
|
(p=0.374) |
Acharya et al., 2016,20 India |
30–55 |
P: 20 DMP: 20 |
Probing depth ≥ 5mm; generalized bleeding; generalized clinical attachment loss ≥ 2mm; radiographic bone loss. |
Cross-sectional |
7.5%–9.5% |
Serum; TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 |
* IL-4: Increased in group P (P=0.172). TNF-α increased in group DMP compared with group P (P <0.05); IL-6 increased in group DMP compared with group P (p<0.05). |
Acharya et al., 2017,21 India |
30–55 |
P: 20 DMP: 20 |
Individuals diagnosed with chronic periodontitis (moderate to severe). |
Cross-sectional |
7.5%–9.5% |
Serum; TNF-α; IL-4, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10 |
TNF-α: Groups P/DMP: 16.66 pg/ml/19.78pg/ml |
IL-4: Groups P/DMP: 22.30 pg/ml/20.20 pg/ml |
IL-6: Groups P/DMP: 19.99 pg/ml/30.25 pg/ml |
IL-1β: Groups P/DMP: 4.63 pg/ml/6.16 pg/ml |
IL-10: Groups P/DMP: 10.46 pg/ml/11.36 pg/ml |
Median values. |
The study showed no comparison between the p group and the DMP group. It presented a comparison between 4 groups. |
Bakshi et al., 2018,24 India |
51 ± 8.2 |
P: 15 DMP: 15 |
Probing depth ≥ 5mm; generalized clinical attachment loss ≥ 2mm; radiographic bone loss. |
Cross-sectional |
P: 5.2 ± 0.30 DMP: 7.8 ± 0.40 |
Plasma; TNF-α, IL-4,IL-6 |
TNF-α Groups P/DMP: 15.8±0.40/ 27.3± 0.32; |
IL-6 Groups P/DMP: 22.02±0.34/39.8±0.35; |
IL-4 Groups P/DMP: 30.5±0.20/ 25.05±0.40 |
Note: No unit of measurement quoted. |
Balaji et al., 2017,22 India |
35–65 |
P: 20 DMP: 20 |
≥ 15 natural teeth (excluding third molars); presence of interproximal loss ≥ 3mm in two or more non adjacent teeth. |
Cross-sectional |
6% |
Saliva; IL-6 |
Group DMP: 245.42±46.81. Group P: 123.39 ± 50.47. Note: No unit of measurement quoted. |
Balitska, 2019,29 Ukraine |
ANP |
P: 32 DMP: 32 |
Diagnosis of periodontal disease confirmed by anamnesis, clinical examination, determination of hygiene and periodontal indexes; radiographs. |
Cross-sectional |
- |
Serum; IL-4, IL-10 |
IL-4 Groups P/DMP: 2.98/1.48 pg/ml (median) |
IL-10 Groups P/DMP: 6.79/3.39 pg/ml (median) |
Costa et al., 2010,27 Brazil |
P: 45.4 ± 1.2 (SE) DMP: 47.8 ± 1.4 (SE) |
P: 24 DMP: 24 |
≥ 15 natural teeth (excluding third molars); proximal insertion loss ≥ 3mm in two or more non adjacent teeth. |
Cross-sectional |
6% |
Saliva; IL-6 |
*IL-6 levels were higher in groups P and DMP (p = 0.006). IL-6 was positively correlated with HbA1c levels in the periodontitis diabetes group (p = 0.04). |
Guruprasad et al., 2018,23 India |
P: 41.5 ± 6.56 DMP: 48.5 ± 6.55 |
P: 35 DMP: 35 |
Gingival inflammation; gingival index > 1; probing depth ≥ 4mm; clinical attachment loss ≥ 1mm; evidence of radiographic bone loss. |
Cross-sectional |
6.5%–7% |
Plasma;IL-34 |
P: 608.17 ± 167.38 pg/ml |
DMP: 671.84 ± 212.14 pg/mg |
Longo et al., 2014,26 Brazil |
P: 47.0 ± 5.25 DMP (adequate glycemic control): 60.6 ± 10.67 DMP (inadequate glycemic control): 52.7 ± 5.54 |
P: 06 DMP (adequate glycemic control): 10 |
≥ 30% of the sites with probing depth > 4mm and bleeding on probing; ≥ 15 natural teeth. |
Cross-sectional |
adequate glycemic control: 6.83 ± 0,78; inadequate glycemic control: 10.86 ± 2.21 |
Serum; IL-6, IL-8 |
* IL-6 ( p= 0.6351); IL-8 (p=0.9460) |
DMP (inadequate glycemic control): 10 |
Non diabetics: 5.43 ± 0.54 |
Maboudi et al., 2019,30 Iran |
P: 44.78 ± 13.18 DMP: 52.72 ± 9,96 |
P: 18 DMP: 18 |
Probing depth ≥ 3mm and clinical attachment loss ≥ 2mm. |
Cross-sectional |
≥ 6.5% |
Serum; IL-23,IL-35 |
*The IL-23 and IL-35 interleukins did not present a significant statistical difference between the groups. |
Miranda et al., 2019,28 Brazil |
P: 52.7 ± 8.3 DMP: 55.9 ± 9.2 |
P: 26 DMP: 30 |
≥ 15 teeth (excluding third molars); > 30% of sites with probing depth and clinical attachment loss ≥ 4mm and bleeding on probing; and at least 6 teeth distributed in 4 quadrants with at least 1 site with probing depth and clinical attachment loss ≥ 5mm and bleeding on probing. |
Cross-sectional |
> 6.5% |
Serum; IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17 A, IL-21, IL-23, TGF-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α |
IL-10 Groups P/DMP: 10±5.6/ 10.5±17 pg/ml |
IL-4 Groups P/DMP: 21.8±14.9/ 16±21.6 pg/ml |
IL-5 Groups P/DMP: 1.2±1.5/ 1.4±3.9 pg/ml |
IL-13 Groups P/DMP: 10.4±20.6/ 11.7±46.4 pg/ml |
IL-2 Groups P/DMP: 1.1±0.8/ 0.7±0.9 pg/ml (p < 0.05) |
TGF-β Groups P/DMP: 2.6±1.8/ 4.5±5.0 pg/ml |
IL-8 Groups P/DMP: 5.1±5.3/ 6.8±9.8 pg/ml |
IL-1β Groups P/DMP: 1.1±0.8/ 0.7±1.1 pg/ml |
TNF-α Groups P/DMP: 4.7±2.9/ 4.4±2.4 pg/ml |
IL-6 Groups P/DMP: 2.9±2.1/ 2.0±2.5 pg/ml |
IFN-γ Groups P/DMP: 5.8±2.4/ 3.8 ±3.8 pg/ml (p < 0.05) |
IL-12 Groups P/DMP: 3.1±2.1/ 1.4±2.0 pg/ml (p < 0.05) |
IL-17 Groups P/DMP: 8.4±3.4/ 7.1±7.0 pg/ml |
IL-21 Groups P/DMP: 0.6±1.2/ 0.7±1.6 pg/ml |
IL-23 Groups P/DMP: 258.2 ±218.2/ 255.7 ± 709.1 pg/ml |
IL-7 Groups P/DMP: 6.8±4.1/ 5.2±4.7 pg/ml |
Purnamasari et al., 2019,31 Indonesia |
P: 50.81 ± 12.50 DMP: 49.5 ± 8.78 |
P: 16 DMP: 22 |
Group P not severe: clinical attachment loss 1–4mm; Group P severe: clinical attachment loss > 5mm. Plaque index, probing depth and bleeding on probing were also evaluated. |
Cross –Sectional |
- |
Serum; IL-10, TNF-α |
IL-10 Groups P/DMP (mean/standard deviation): 3.38±1.05/ 6.98±12.63 (P=0.079) |
TNF-α P/DMP groups (medium/range): 6.52(5.13-8.10)/ 6.16(5.43-12.94) (p=0.722) |
Note: No unit of measurement quoted. |
Saxena et al., 2020,25 Índia |
P: 50.4 ± 8.6 |
P: 17 |
Patients with sites presenting with CALs ≥ 4mm, PDs of ≥ 5mm, with ≥ 4 teeth in each jaw and ≥ 50% alveolar bone loss in ≥ 2 quadrants were defined as having CP. |
Cross –Sectional |
DMP (adequate glycemic control): ≥ 6.5 and < 7% |
Saliva; IL-17 |
P: 56.54±19.79 |
DMP (adequate glycemic control): 53.6 ± 9.0 |
DMP (adequate glycemic control): 17 |
DMP (inadequate glycemic control): ≥ 7% |
DMP (adequate glycemic control): 63.84±24.72 |
DMP (inadequate glycemic control):54.3 ± 8.8 |
DMP (inadequate glycemic control): 17 |
|
DMP (inadequate glycemic control): 74.74±17.79 |
|
|
|
The study showed no comparison between the p group and the DMP group. It presented a comparison between 5 groups. |
Singh et al., 2014,2 India |
P: 42.80 ± 8.02 (30-55) DMP: 45.10 ± 6.79 (32-53) |
P: 20 DMP: 20 |
≥ 20 natural teeth; probing depth ≥ 5mm; clinical attachment loss ≥2mm. |
Cross –Sectional |
> 6% |
Saliva; TNF-α |
P: 8.46±4.60 ng/ml |
DMP: 26.52±8.52 ng/ml |
(p<0.001) |
Techatanawat et al., 2020,32, Thailand |
P: 55.5 (50.25–60.50) DMP: 63 (55.0–69.0) (Values in median and interquartile range-1st and 3rd) |
P: 8 DMP: 23 |
PSR evaluation. Presence of periodontitis if PSR 3 or 4. |
Cross –Sectional |
P: 5.5 (5.3–5.8) DMP: 6.6 (6.0–7.8) (median and interquartile range) |
Saliva, Serum; IL-17 A, IL-18 |
*A trend of higher IL-17 levels in individuals with diabetes with periodontitis; in the correlation with RSP, salivary levels were increased in patients with RSP4 compared with the RSP0 and RSP1 group; salivary and serum levels of IL-18 did not show statistically significant differences; individuals with high glycated hemoglobin levels tended to show higher serum levels of IL-18; no correlation between serum and salivary levels was observed. |