Angelieri et al.1111. Angelieri F, Carlin V, Martins RA, Ribeiro DA. Biomonitoring of mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011 Apr;139(4 Suppl):e399-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.06.029 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.06....
|
Brazil |
18.5 + 7 |
10 males; 13 females |
Brackets were composed ofiron(71%), nickel(8%), and chromium(19%). The archwires were composed ofnickel(50.8%), titanium(49.2%) during the treatment or stainless steel nickel (8.6%), iron(72.6%), chromium(20%) at the end of orthodontic therapy. |
0, 6, and 12 months |
Faccioni et al.2020. Faccioni P, De Santis D, Sinigaglia S, Pancera P, Faccioni F, Nocini PF. Short-term “in vivo” study on cellular DNA damage induced by acrylic Andresen activator in oral mucosa cells. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2019 Aug;22(3):208-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12312 https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12312...
|
Italy |
10.3 + 1.2 |
14 males; 12 females |
Andresen activator (AA): acrylic resin and two Adam’s clasps and a buccalstainless steel arch |
0, 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days |
Flores-Bracho et al.1717. Flores-Bracho MG, Takahashi CS, Castillo WO, Saraiva MC, Küchler EC, Matsumoto MA, et al. Genotoxic effects in oral mucosal cells caused by the use of orthodontic fixed appliances in patients after short and long periods of treatment. Clin Oral Investig. 2019 Jul;23(7):2913-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-02795-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-02795...
|
Brazil |
nov/35 |
Not informed |
Brackets were bonded with composite Transbond XT and followed the Edgewise standard system: 0.022” × 0.028” slot and are composed of stainless steel (17.0 to 20.0% chromium, 8.0 to 10.5% nickel, molybdenum 0.60% max) with stainless steel wires (0.016”, 0.018”, 0.020”, or 0.019” × 0.025”). |
1-12, 13-24, 25-48, and >48 months |
Cunha et al.1212. Cunha AS, Castillo WO, Takahashi CS, Küchler EC, Segato RA, Silva LA, et al. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of Haas appliance in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells during orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 2018 Sep;88(5):590-5. https://doi.org/10.2319/101117-687.1 https://doi.org/10.2319/101117-687.1...
|
Brazil |
06/dez |
Not informed |
Haas appliances were formed with stainless steel bands. They were madeof silver welded onto 0.9-mm-diameter stainless steel wire. Wires and bands were welded with silver solder, and metallic structures were bondedwith self-curing acrylic resin |
0,1, and 3 months |
Gonçalves et al.1818. Gonçalves TS, Menezes LM, Trindade C, Thomas P, Fenechc M, Henriques JA. In vivo evaluation of the genotoxic effects of Hyrax auxiliary orthodontic appliances containing silver-soldered joints. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2015 Sep;791:25-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015....
|
Brazil |
jul/14 |
Not informed |
Metallic extensions of the Hyrax expansion screw were silver-soldered (eight silver-soldered joints in each appliance). The bands, according to the manufacturer’s information, were composed of: Cr, 17–20%; Ni, 8–10%; Mo, max. 0.60%, and Fe; the silver-soldered alloy wascomposed of Ag, 55–57%; Cu, 21–23%; Zn, 15–19%; and Sn, 4–6% |
-7,0, and 28 days, 6 and 12 months |
Heravi et al.2222. Heravi F, Abbaszadegan MR, Merati M, Hasanzadeh N, Dadkhah E, Ahrari F. DNA damage in oral mucosa cells of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. J Dent (Tehran). 2013 Nov;10(6):494-500. |
Iran |
dez/20 |
10 males; 15 females; |
Brackets (standard edge-wise, 0.018-in slot). The bands and brackets were made of stainless steel.The archwires used over the course of this study included 0.014-in nickel-titanium (NiTi;), 0.016-in stainless steel and 0.016×0.022-in stainless steel |
0 and 9 months |
Toy et al.2121. Toy E, Yuksel S, Ozturk F, Karatas OH, Yalcin M. Evaluation of the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the buccal epithelial cells of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with three light-cured bonding composites by using micronucleus testing. Korean J Orthod. 2014 May;44(3):128-35. https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2014.44.3.128 https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2014.44.3.1...
|
Turkey |
14 + 1.79 |
12 males; 18 females |
Transbond XT, Kurasper F |
0, 1, 3, and 6 months |
Natarajan et al.1010. Natarajan M, Padmanabhan S, Chitharanjan A, Narasimhan M. Evaluation of the genotoxic effects of fixed appliances on oral mucosal cells and the relationship to nickel and chromium concentrations: an in-vivo study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011 Sep;140(3):383-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.07.027 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.07....
|
India |
14-24 |
Not informed |
Orthodontic appliances were composed of0.07% carbon,0.70% manganese, 1% silicon, 1%-17.5% chromium,3.0%-5.0% nickel, 3.0%-5.0% copper, 0.04% phosphorus, 0.04% sulfur, and 0.15%-0.45% tantalum and niobium |
0 and 18 months |
Westphalen et al.1919. Westphalen GH, Menezes LM, Prá D, Garcia GG, Schmitt VM, Henriques JA, et al. In vivo determination of genotoxicity induced by metals from orthodontic appliances using micronucleus and comet assays. Genet Mol Res. 2008;7(4):1259-66. https://doi.org/10.4238/vol7-4gmr508 https://doi.org/10.4238/vol7-4gmr508...
|
Brazil |
16 + 2.54 |
6 males; 14 females |
Orthodontic appliances were made of stainless steel (0.07% carbon, 1.0% manganese, 1.0% silicon, 15.5-17.5% chromium, 3-5% nickel, 3-5% copper, 0.15-0.45% niobium + tantalum) |
0 and 30 days |