Foreign aid and the governance of international financial organizations: the Brazilian-bloc case in the IMF and the World Bank

Apolinário Junior, Laerte

doi:10.1590/1981-38212016000300006

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ARTICLES • Bras. Political Sci. Rev. 10 (3) • 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-38212016000300006 copy

Foreign aid and the governance of international financial organizations: the Brazilian-bloc case in the IMF and the World Bank

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

This article examines the relationship between the Brazilian foreign aid, in the context of South-South Cooperation (SSC), and the formation of coalitions in the IMF and the World Bank. It explores whether the participation of a country in the bloc led by Brazil in the two organizations affects the volume of Brazilian foreign aid received by this country. As decisions are made by the Executive Board both in the IMF and the World Bank, the study focus on the alliances for the selection of representatives in those arenas. Results confirm the hypothesis that countries that take part in Brazilian coalition for the formation of both the IMF's and World Bank's Executive Board receive more foreign aid than those that do not.

Brazilian foreign policy; foreign aid; international financial institutions; South-South cooperation

Variable	N	Mean	Std. Dev.	Min.	Max.	Type
Africa	210	0.26	0.44	0	01	Binary
Aid	210	830,596	4.548,073	0	58.5 mi	U$ 2011 const.
Centralamerica	210	0.11	0.32	0	01	Binary
Cplp	210	0.04	0.19	0	01	Binary
ln_aid	210	5.08	6.25	0	17.88	Log
ln_percapita	198	8.23	1.66	4.99	11.82	Log
ln_pop	209	15.18	2.3	9.18	20.99	Log
ln_trade	203	19.96	3.11	11.42	26.4	Log
Member	210	0.038	0.19	0	01	Binary
Memberimf	210	0.03	0.18	0	01	Binary
Memberwb	210	0.03	0.18	0	01	Binary
Percapita	198	12378.6	19759.6	147.8	135611	U$ 2005 const.
Pop	209	30.6 mi	124 mi	9731.12	1.31 bi	Total Nº
Recvisits	210	1.31	2.51	0	20	Count
Southamerica	210	0.06	0.23	0	01	Binary
Trade	210	8.77 bi	28.7 bi	0	291 bi	U$ 2011 const.
Trips	210	0.82	1.69	0	13	Count

	Member	Non-member	Member	Non-member
	All countries		Receiving aid countries
Africa	n = 54	n = 156	n = 40	n = 46
	$2.265,657	$333,844	$3.058,637	$1.132,168
Brazilian Coalition	n = 8	n = 202	n = 8	n = 78
	$2.355,290	$770,212	$2.355,290	$1.994,652
Central America	n = 24	n = 186	n = 20	n = 66
	$1.026,789	$805,280	$1.232,147	$2.269,428
CPLP	n = 8	n = 202	n = 6	n = 80
	$14.500,000	$290,393	$19.300,000	$733,243
South America	n = 12	n= 198	n = 12	n = 74
	$1.081,187	$815,408	$1.081,187	$2.181,769

ln_aid	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Member	7.718***	7.121***	3.928***	5.283***	5.843***	2.607*
	(0.867)	(0.942)	(1.098)	(0.875)	(0.873)	(1.100)

Cplp		6.802*	5.648**		5.450**	6.576**
		(2.631)	(2.068)		(1.804)	(2.037)

Trips		0.788	0.726*		1.145**	0.545
		(0.535)	(0.319)		(0.431)	(0.305)

Recvisits		0.289	0.0325		-0.0604	-0.123
		(0.371)	(0.314)		(0.304)	(0.315)

Africa			7.719***			7.383***
			(0.840)			(0.927)

Southamerica			7.328***			9.629***
			(1.770)			(2.364)

Centralamerica			8.375***			10.39***
			(1.070)			(1.178)

ln_percapita				-2.664***	-2.398***	-0.200
				(0.369)	(0.356)	(0.354)

ln_trade				1.242***	0.858**	-0.104
				(0.256)	(0.257)	(0.228)

ln_pop				-1.194***	-1.048**	0.527
				(0.356)	(0.343)	(0.334)

Cons	4.790***	3.524***	0.718*	20.31***	22.44***	-3.419
	(0.436)	(0.439)	(0.331)	(4.413)	(4.364)	(4.155)

N	210	210	210	193	193	193
R²	0.056	0.215	0.574	0.289	0.395	0.650

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[1] Translated by Robert McDonnell