Investigations on the cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) and cauliflower (B. oleracea var. cauliflora, Gars, D.C.) plants at the Instituto Agronômico and its various experiment stations were intensified since 1941. From 1944 on, a great deal of attention has been given to the variety problem, to improvement of local and imported types, and to their seed production. Seventy four varieties of cabbage and 59 varieties of cauliflower have been tested. The majority of these grew well in the cool season, when the average monthly temperature was around 22.5°C during the vegetative period and about 16.6°C at the time when heads were formed. In order to supply the local markets with cabbage and cauliflower during the warmer months, attention was turned to types that were capable of making satisfactory growth and forming heads during those months of the year when temperature was high. The local variety of cabbage named "Louco" (I.A.C. N.° 758), as well as the cauliflower Early Benares from India, could be cultivated in summer and fall in most mparts of São Paulo. Satisfactory growth of these types was obtained at average monthly temperatures from 20.4 to 22.6°C, and good heading when the average monthly was from 18 to 22.2°C. Improvement of the "Louco" cabbage, originally obtained from growers in Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, has been carried out at Campinas by mass selection and by isolation of superior progenies and strains. Since 1950 seed increase of some of the best strains has been carried out by selected growers under government supervision. In order to obtain good Isolation, each grower is allowed to multiply only one strain. In São Paulo, cabbage for seed production is sown in December. Heads are formed in March and April, and are cut for sale. Two of the most vigorous shoots, from a number of nearly 13 that usually develop on the stumps, are allowed to grow for seed production. Harvesting of seeds begins about 160 days after the heads were cut off and lasts for about 60 days. The cauliflower Campinas (I.A.C. N.° 1587) has been under selection since 1944. The original seed was purchased from a dealer in São Paulo, and selection has been carried out at Campinas and Monte Alegre do Sul. The best sowing time for head production of this variety is the beginning of the fall, that is, February to March. Heads are formed 3 1/2 to 4 months after sowing. Harvesting of seeds starts nearly 120 days after head formation and lasts for about 16 days. Seeds of this type are being produced by competent growers as in case of cabbage. Improvement of the Early Benares cauliflower, originatelly obtained in 1947 from Sutton's Seeds, India, has been carried out by mass selection and by isolation of superior progenies and strains. The best sowing time for head production of this variety are December, January and February. Heads are formed 80 to 100 days after gTowing. Harvest of seeds starts nearly 100 days after head formation. Another local variety of cauliflower under study is the Teresópolis N.° 759. It is late, and its best sowing time for head or seed production is the end of the summer.