| Finkelstein1515 Finkelstein MM. Back pain and parenthood. Occup Environ Med. 1995;52(1):51-3.
|
Ontario, Canada. |
346 men |
Cross-sectional design.
A proprietary questionnaire including questions about back pain (Do you have problems with back pain?), personal habits (including smoking and alcohol consumption), and parenting. |
33% of police officers reported having problems with back pain. |
| Brown et al.1616 Brown JJ, Wells GA, Trottier AJ, Bonneau J, Ferris B. Back pain in a large Canadian police force. Spine. 1998;23(7):821-7.
|
Ontario, Canada. |
805 police officers (716 men and 89 women) |
Cross-sectional design.
A proprietary questionnaire including questions about low back pain. |
Prevalence of chronic back pain 54,9% Leave of absence in the last year: 24.7% (of those who reported suffering from chronic low back pain) |
| Gyi and Porter88 Gyi DE, Porter JM. Musculoskeletal problems and driving in police officers. Occup Med. 1998;48(3):153-60.
|
United Kingdom |
80 traffic cops (79 men and 1 woman; age=37.65±7.7 years)
91 general service officers (87 men and 4 women; age=36.8±9.1 years) |
Cross-sectional design.
Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). |
Prevalence of low back problems for more than eight days in the last 12 months: traffic cops = 29%; general service 15% |
Minayo, Assis and
Oliveira1717 Minayo MCS, Assis SG, Oliveira RVC. Impacto das atividades profissionais na saúde física e mental dos policiais civis e militares do Rio de Janeiro (RJ, Brasil). Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2011;16(4):2199-209.
|
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
2566 (both the genders) |
A proprietary questionnaire with questions about health problems presented or treated in the last year. |
Pain in the neck, back and spine:
civil police = 42%; military police = 38.8%; joint sprain or dislocation: civil police = 18.3%; military police = 23.8%; another muscle or tendon problem: civil police = 17.0%; military police = 18.5% |
| Trindade et al.1212 Trindade APNT, Oliveira LCN, Santos BMO, Oliveira FB, Quemelo PRV. Symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders among police officers. Arq Ciênc Saúde. 2015;22(2):42-5.
|
Araçatuba, SP, Brazil |
262 military police officers (216 men and 46 women; age 37±7.2 years) |
Cross-sectional design.
NMQ and questionnaire with information on absenteeism. |
Prevalence of symptoms in the last 12 months: lumbar region 51.5%; dorsal region 45%; neck 36.3%; knee 34.3%; shoulder 32.4%; ankle 28.2%; wrists, hands and fingers 23.3%; hips and thighs 18.3%; forearm 11.5%; elbow 8%
Prevalence of symptoms in the last 7 days:
lumbar region 25.2%; dorsal region 16.4%; knee 14.9%; neck 14.5%; shoulder 14.5%; ankle and feet 13%; hips and thighs 9.9%; wrists, hands and fingers 9.5%; elbow 5.3%; forearm 5.0%
Prevalence of sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders was 35.3% for police officers in administrative functions and 23.5% in operational functions. |
Douma, Cote and
Lacasse1010 Douma NB, Cote C, Lacasse A. Quebec Serve and Protect Low Back Pain Study a web-based cross-sectional investigation of prevalence and functional impact among police officers. Spine. 2017;42(19):1485-93.
|
Quebec, Canada |
3589 police officers
(68% men and 32% women) |
Cross-sectional design.
NMQ and questionnaire with information on absenteeism. Additional questions on self-reported low back pain symptoms for more than three months (chronic). |
Back pain: sometime in life: 91.5%; in the last 12 months: 67.7%; chronic low back pain: 28.7% |
| Marins and Del Vecchio99 Marins EF, Del Vecchio F. Programa Patrulha da Saúde: indicadores de saúde em policiais rodoviários federais. Sci Médica. 2017;27(2):25855.
|
Pelotas, RS, Brazil |
41 federal highway police officers
Age=40.5±6.3 years |
Cross-sectional design.
NMQ and questionnaire with information on absenteeism. |
Prevalence of symptoms in the last 12 months: lumbar region 41.5%; knees 41.5%; neck 41.5%; shoulders 29.3%; wrists, hands, fingers 26.8%; dorsal region 22.0%; ankles and feet 19.5%; hips and thighs 12.2%; elbows 9.8%; 7.3% forearm.
Prevalence of symptoms in the last seven days: lumbar region 26.8%; knees 19.5%; shoulders 17.1%; wrists, hands, fingers 17.1%; neck 12.2%; dorsal region 12.2%; hips and thighs 7.3%; forearm 4.9%; ankles and feet 4.9%; elbows 4.9%
Leave of absence in the last year: shoulders 9.8%; neck 2.4%; wrists, hands and fingers 4.9%; dorsal region 4.9%; forearm 2.4%; lumbar region 14.6%; knees 22%; ankles and feet 9.8%; 7.3% elbows; hips and thighs 7.3% |
| Brage et al.2424 Brandt Y, Currier L, Plante TW, Schubert Kabban CM, Tvaryanas AP. A randomized controlled trial of core strengthening exercises in helicopter crewmembers with low back pain. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015;86(10):889-94.
|
Pernambuco, PE, Brazil |
28 officers of the motorcycle patrol group
(27 men and 1 woman; age=34±5 years) |
Cross-sectional design.
NMQ and visual analog pain
scale |
Prevalence of symptoms in the last 12 months: neck 29%; shoulder 7%; dorsal region 36%; wrist and hands 7%; lumbar region 50%; hip and thigh 14%; knees 43%; ankle and feet 18% |
| Cardoso et al.1919 Cardoso ES, Fernandes SGG, Corrêa LCAC, Dantas GAF, Câmara SMA. Low back pain and disability in military police: an epidemiological study. Fisioter Mov. 2018;31:e003101-e003101.
|
Nova Cruz, RN, Brazil |
97 military police officers
(age=39.3±5.3 years) |
Cross-sectional design.
A proprietary questionnaire
using the Oswestry Disability
Index, Numerical pain classification
scale, with 10 points. |
Prevalence of low back pain before a work shift: 58.8%
Prevalence of low back pain after a work shift: 89.7%
Besides, it was observed that the intensity of low back pain after the work shift was statistically higher than before the work shift (before: 2.00±2.12; after 4.34±2.51; p<0.001; paired t-test). |
| Larsen et al.33 Larsen LB, Andersson EE, Tranberg R, Ramstrand N. Multi-site musculoskeletal pain in Swedish police: associations with discomfort from wearing mandatory equipment and prolonged sitting. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2018;91(4):425-33.
|
Sweden |
4114 police officers analyzed (3028 men and 1063 women; 23 losses) |
Cross-sectional design.
A proprietary online questionnaire, self-administered, including questions about musculoskeletal pain. Each item was evaluated with the question: "Over the past three months, did you feel pain in [region] after work…?" The alternative answers were in a 5-point scale (1=none/rarely, 2=a few days a month, 3=1 day a week, 4=a few days a week or 5=every day). |
Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the last three months: without pain 37.3%; pain in a single site 19.7%; pain in several sites 41.3%.
Leave of absence 1.7%, the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the four sites of the body:
Upper back or neck 33.7%; lower back 43.2%; shoulders or arms 25.5%; hips, legs, knees or feet 38.0% |
