Smith et al.3434 Smith BA, Neidig JL, Nickel JT, Mitchell GL, Para M F, Fass RJ. Aerobic exercise: effects on parameters related to fatigue, dyspnea, weight and body composition in HIV-infected adults. AIDS. 2001;15(6):693-701.
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HIV/ n = 60 (8 women and 52 men) |
Warm-up + aerobic (30’’) with 60-80% of max HR + relaxation. 3x/week, totaling 12 weeks |
Usual activities |
Fatigue: Time on the treadmill |
Aerobic training had a sig-nificant effect on treadmill time (p: 0.01) |
Supervised aerobic training safely decreases fatigue in HIV-1 infected individuals |
Oncu, Durmaz and Karapolat3535 Oncu J, Durmaz B, Karapolat H. Short-term effects of aerobic exercise on functional capacity, fatigue, and quality of life in patients with post-polio syndrome. Clin Rehabil. 2009;23(2):155-63.
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Post-polio syndrome/ n= 28 (12 men and 16 women) |
Flexibility + aerobic exercises (50-70% VO2 max., 13-15 on the Borg Scale). 3x/week, for 8 weeks and duration of 90 minutes per session |
Exercises at home |
Fatigue: FSS and FIS |
Significant improvement in fatigue observed in the supervised exercise group compared to the home group, in the total FSS (p:0.002) and total FIS (p<0.001) scores |
The physical exercise performed under supervision leads to more functional improvement in people later after polio than a similar program taught and conducted in home, unsupervised |
Borges et al.3838 Borges J, Baptista A F, Santana N, Souza I, Kruschewsky RA, Galvão-Castro B, Sá KN. Pilates exercises improve low back pain and quality of life in patients with HTLV-1 virus: a randomized crossover clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ter. 2014;18(1):68-74.
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HTLV-1/ n= 22 (16 women and 6 men) |
Pilates method: 1 hour session, 2 times a week, totaling 30 sessions |
Usual activities |
Pain Intensity: VAS |
There was a significant reduction in pain intensity after the protocol of Pilates exercises (p< 0.001) |
Pilates proved to be a useful tool to reduce self-reported low back pain |
Jaggers et al.3636 Jaggers JR, Hand GA, Dudgeon WD, Burgess S, Phillips KD, Durstine JL, Blair SN. Aerobic and resistance training improves mood state among adults living with HIV. Int J Sports Med. 2015;36(2):175-81.
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HIV/ n= 49 (37 men and 12 women) |
Aerobic (30’’ with 50-70% HR max.) + Resistance training (20’’). 2 times a week/ for 6 weeks |
Sedentary habits |
Fatigue: POMS-30 – fatigue sub-scale |
The exercise group compared to the control group showed a significant difference in the fatigue subscale (p<0.05) |
Routine aerobic and resistance training at a moderate intensity may serve as a viable fatigue option |
Koopman et al.3737 Koopman FS, Voorn EL, Beelen A, Bleijenberg G, de Visser M, Brehm MA, Nollet F. No reduction of severe fatigue in patients with postpolio syndrome by exercise therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy: results of an RCT. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2016;30(5):402-10.
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Post polio syndrome/n = 67 (30 men and 37 women) |
Home aerobic training (60-70% of Fcmax, 28 to 38’’, 3 times a week) + Muscle strengthening and functional exercises, 1 hour, 1 time a week |
Usual care and CBT |
Fatigue: CIS20-F |
There were no differences between the groups |
Neither the exercise group nor CBT was superior to usual care in reducing fatigue or improving activities in severely fatigued post-polio syndrome patients |
Parker Jelsma and Stein3939 Parker R, Jelsma J, Stein DJ. Managing Pain in Women living with HIV/AIDS: a randomized controlled trial testing the effect of a six-week peer-led exercise and education intervention. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2016;204(9):665-72.
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HIV/AIDS / n= 27 (all women) |
Education program + aerobic exercise and muscle strengthening (20 minutes weekly for 16 weeks) + guided relaxation (2 hours total) |
Education program |
Pain Intensity: BPI |
There were no significant differences between groups in the reduction of the PSS primary outcome at each time point between Week 0 and Week 16. There was no improvement in PIS during the 15 months of normal care between Baseline and Week 0, but the PSS reduced significantly for all participants between Week 0 and Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 and Week 16 |
Both supervised exercise and educational intervention or educational intervention alone appear to be a viable and effective method of treating pain in women living with HIV |
Maharaj and Yakasai2727 Maharaj SS, Yakasai AM. Does a rehabilitation program of aerobic and progressive resisted exercises influence HIV-induced distal neuropathic pain? Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;97(5):364-9.
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HIV/ n= 136 (79 women and 57 men) |
AE= 20 minutes with 40 Fc max. in the first 6 weeks and 65% in the following PRE= 40% of 1 RM, 2 sets of 10 repetitions, 3-5 second interval; after 6 weeks 65% of 1 RM in 3 sets of 10 repetitions, 2-3 second interval. HR (40-65%) for 30 minutes, every other day, 3 times/week, for 12 week |
HIV talks, video presentations and counseling |
Pain Intensity: NRS |
There were significant differences between the intervention and control groups (p<0.001) |
Moderate-intensity aerobic and progressive resistance exercise is safe and effective for reducing neuropathic pain |
Macêdo et al.2424 Macêdo MC, Mota RS, Patrício NA, Baptista A F, Andrade Filho AS, Sá KN. Pain and quality of life in human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis after home-based exercise protocol: a randomized clinical trial. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2019;52:e20180270.
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HTLV-1/ n= 49 (31 women and 18 men) |
Stretching and muscle strengthening: 1 to 3 sets of 10 repetitions with a 1-minute interval between sets. 2 times a week/45-50 minutes |
Exercise booklet-guided protocol and control group |
Pain Intensity: BPI |
There were no differences between the groups |
The exercise protocol tested generated a small degree of pain relief, but did not affect aspects of pain reactions or quality of life |
De Oliveira et al.4040 de Oliveira BFA, Carvalho PRC, de Souza Holanda AS, Dos Santos RISB, da Silva FAX, Barros GWP, de Albuquerque EC, Dantas AT, Cavalcanti NG, Ranzolin A, Duarte ALBP, Marques CDL. Pilates method in the treatment of patients with Chikungunya fever: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2019;33(10):1614-24.
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Chikungunya/ n= 42 (39 women and 3 men) |
Pilates: 12 weeks with 2 sessions/week, 50’’, light to moderate intensity |
Clinical care |
Pain Intensity: VAS |
In the intragroup analysis, a significant improvement in pain intensity was observed after 24 Pilates sessions |
Patients in the chronic phase of Chikungunya fever who participated in Pilates training have reduced pain, improved functional capacity and quality of life without the emergence of adverse effects |
Patrício et al.2525 Patrício NA, Vidal DG, Pinto EB, Sá KN, Baptista A F. Efectiveness of virtual reality games for falls, postural oscillations, pain and quality of life of individual HAM/TSP: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial. J Neurovirol. 2020;26(5):676-86.
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HTLV-1/ n= 28 (9 men and 17 women) |
GCT: Sensory-motor exercises applied through a virtual game coupled to Nintendo Wii® (20’’/ 2 times a week, totaling 10) |
CTG: protocol started after 10 weeks |
Pain Intensity: BPI |
There were no differences between the groups |
Virtual game training did not improve pain intensity |
Neumann et al.4141 Neumann IL, de Oliveira DA, de Barros EL, da S Santos G, de Oliveira LS, Duarte AL, Marques CD, Dantas AT, Dantas D, de Siqueira GR, da Silva Tenório A. Resistance exercises improve physical function in chronic Chikungunya fever patients: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2021;57(4):620-9.
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Chikungunya/ n= 31 (28 women and 3 men) |
Progressive resistance exercises: 2 sets of 8 repetitions totaling eight exercises per session, 2 times/week, for 50’’ |
Phone call about symptoms and drug use |
Pain Intensity: VAS |
Significant decrease in pain intensity after the intervention (p: 0.01) |
Pain intensity is significantly reduced for patients in the chronic stage of Chikungunya who have performed progressive resistance exercises for 12 weeks |