Hylén et al.3333 Hylén M, Alm-Roijer C, Idvall E, Akerman E. To assess patients pain in intensive care: developing and testing the Swedish version of the Behavioural Pain Scale. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2019;52:28-34.
|
Sweden |
Adults |
n=57 (63% men and 37% women) |
BPS |
Kaya and Erden2626 Kaya P, Erden S. Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the Turkish version of revised nonverbal pain scale. Agri. 2019;31(1):15-22.
|
Turkey |
Adults |
n=74 |
NVPS |
Sulla et al.1414 Sulla F, La Chimia M, Barbieri L, Gigantiello A, Iraci C, Virgili G, et al. A first contribution to the validation of the Italian version of the Behavioral Pain Scale in sedated, intubated, and mechanically ventilated paediatric patients. Acta Biomed. 2018;89(7-S):19-24.
|
Italy |
Children |
n=09 |
BPS |
Klein et al.3434 Klein C, Caumo W, Gélinas C, Patines V, Pilger T, Lopes A, et al. Validation of two pain assessment tools using a standardized nociceptive stimulation in critically ill adults. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2018;56(4):594-601.
|
Brazil |
Adults |
n=168 (88 men and 80 women) |
BPS - CPOT |
Pudas-Tähkä and Salanterä3030 Pudas-Tahka S, Salantera S. Reliability of three linguistically and culturally validated pain assessment tools for sedated ICU patients by ICU nurses in Finland. Scand J Pain. 2018;18(2):165-73.
|
Finland |
Adults |
n=06 (04 men and 02 women) |
BPS - CPOT - NVPS |
Fagioli et al.3535 Fagioli D, Evangelista C, Gawronski O, Tiozzo E, Broccati F, Ràva L, et al. Pain assessment in pediatric intensive care: the Italian COMFORT behaviour scale. Nurs Child Young People. 2018;30(5):27-33.
|
Italy |
Children |
n=35 (17 boys and 18 girls) |
COMFORT |
Shan et al.3636 Shan K, Cao W, Yuan Y, Hao JJ, Sun XM, He X, et al. Use of the critical-care pain observation tool and the bispectral index for the detection of pain in brain-injured patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. A STROBE-compliant observational study. Medicine. 2018;97(22):e10985.
|
China |
Adults |
n=400 (235 men and 165 women) |
CPOT |
Dionysakopoulou et al.3131 Dionysakopoulou C, Giannakopoulou M, Lianou L, Bozas E, Zannikos K, Matziou V. Validation of Greek Versions of the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale and Premature Infant Pain Profile in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Pain Manag Nurs. 2018;19(3):313-9.
|
Greece |
Newborns |
n=81 (44 boys and 37 girls) |
NIPS - PIPP |
Ribeiro et al.3737 Ribeiro CJN, Araújo ACS, Brito SB, Dantas DV, Nunes MDS, Alves JAB, et al. Avaliação da dor de vítimas de traumatismo crânio encefálico pela versão brasileira da Behavioral Pain Scale. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2018;30(1):42-9.
|
Brazil |
Adults |
n=27 (25 men and 02 women) |
BPS |
Wiegand et al.3838 Wiegand DL, Wilson T, Pannullo D, Russo MM, Kaiser KS, Soeken K, et al. Measuring acute pain over time in the critically ill using the Multidimensional Objective Pain Assessment Tool (MOPAT). Pain Manag Nurs. 2018;19(3):277-87.
|
United States |
Adults |
n=27 (13 men and 14 women) |
MOPAT |
Sulla et al.2020 Sulla F, de Souza Ramos N, Terzi N, Trenta T, Uneddu M, Zaldivar Cruces MA, et al. Validation of the Italian version of the Critical Pain Observation Tool in brain-injured critically ill adults. Acta Biomed. 2017;88(5S):48-54.
|
Italy |
Adults |
n=50 |
CPOT |
Kotfis et al.3939 Kotfis K, Zegan-Baranska M, Strzelbicka M, Safranow K, Zukowski M, Ely EW. Validation of the Polish version of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) to assess pain intensity in adult, intubated intensive care unit patients: the POL-CPOT study. Arch Med Sci. 2018;14(4):880-9.
|
Poland |
Adults |
n=71 (50 men and 21 women) |
CPOT |
Chookalayia et al.1818 Chookalayia H, Heidarzadeh M, Hassanpour-Darghah M, Aghamohammadi-Kalkhoranb M, Karimollahi M. The critical care pain observation tool is reliable in non-agitated but not in agitated intubated patients. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2017;44:123-8.
|
Iran |
Adults |
n=65 |
CPOT |
Rijkenberg et al.4040 Rijkenberg S, Stilma W, Bosman RJ, van der Meer NJ, van der Voort PHJ. Pain measurement in mechanically ventilated patients after cardiac surgery: comparison of the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) and the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT). J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2017;31(4)1227-34.
|
Netherlands |
Adults |
n=72 (52 men and 20 women) |
BPS - CPOT |
Cheng et al.3232 Cheng LH, Tsaib YF, Wang CH, Tsay PK. Validation of two Chinese-version pain observation tools in conscious and unconscious critically ill patients. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2018;44:115-22.
|
China |
Adults |
n=113 (73 men and 40 women) |
BPS - CPOT |
Gélinas et al.4141 Gélinas C, Puntillo KA, Levin P, Azoulay E. The Behavior Pain Assessment Tool for critically ill adults: a validation study in 28 countries. Pain. 2017;158(5):811-21.
|
28 countries |
Adults |
n=3851 (60,8% men and 39,2% women) |
BPAT |
Azevedo-Santos et al.4242 Azevedo-Santos IF, Alves IGN, Cerqueira Neto ML, Badauê-Passos D, Santana Filho VJ, Santana JM. Validação da versão Brasileira da Escala Comportamental de Dor (Behavioral Pain Scale) em adultos sedados e sob ventilação mecânica. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2017;67(3):271-7.
|
Brazil |
Adults |
n=25 (10 men and 15 women) |
BPS |
Hylén et al.1515 Hylén M, Akerman E, Alm-Roijer C, Idvall E. Behavioral Pain Scale - translation, reliability, and validity in a Swedish context. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2016;60(6)821-8.
|
Sweden |
Adults |
n=20 |
BPS |
Severgnini et al.4343 Severgnini P, Pelosi P, Contino E, Serafinelli E, Novario R, Chiaranda M. Accuracy of Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and Behavioral Pain Scale to assess pain in critically ill conscious and unconscious patients: prospective, observational study. J Intensive Care. 2016;7(4):68.
|
Italy |
Adults |
n=101 (64 men and 37 women) |
BPS - CPOT |
Al Darwish, Hamdi and Fallatah4444 Al Darwish ZQ, Hamdi R, Fallatah S. Evaluation of pain assessment tools in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. AACN Adv Crit Care. 2016;27(2):162-72.
|
Saudi Arabia |
Adults |
n=47 (27 men and 20 women) |
BPS - CPOT - NVPS |
O'Sullivan et al.1616 O'Sullivan AT, Rowley S, Ellis S, Faasse K, Petrie KJ. The validity and clinical utility of the COVERS Scale and Pain Assessment Tool for Assessing Pain in Neonates Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit. Clin J Pain. 2016;32(1):51-7.
|
New Zealand |
Children |
n=80 |
COVERS - PAT |
Aktas and Karabulut4545 Aktas YY, Karabulut N. A Turkish version of the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool: reliability and validity assessment. J Perianesth Nurs. 2017;32(4)341-51.
|
Turkey |
Adults |
n=66 (48 men and 18 women) |
CPOT |
Latorre-Marco et al.2323 Latorre-Marco I, Acevedo-Nuevo M, Solís-Muñoz M, Hernández-Sánchez M, López-López C, Sánchez-Sánchez MM, et al. Psychometric validation of the behavioral indicators of pain scale for the assessment of pain in mechanically ventilated and unable to self-report critical care patients. Med Intensiva. 2016;40(8):463-73.
|
Spain |
Adults |
n=190 |
ESCID |
Frandsen et al.4646 Frandsen JB, O'Reilly Poulsen KS, Laerkner E, Stroem T. Validation of the Danish version of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2016;60(9):1314-22.
|
Denmark |
Adults |
n=70 (44 men and 26 women) |
CPOT |
Joffe et al.1919 Joffe AM, McNulty B, Boitor M, Marsh R, Gélinas C. Validation of the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool in the brain-injured critically ill adults. J Crit Care. 2016;36:76-80.
|
Canada |
Adults |
n=79 |
CPOT |
Chen et al.4747 Chen J, Lu Q, Wu XY, An YZ, Zhan YC, Zhang HY. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the behavioral pain scale in intubated and non-intubated critically ill patients: two cross-sectional studies. Int J Nurs Stud. 2016;61:63-71.
|
China |
Adults |
n=53 (26 men and 27 women) |
BPS |
Rahu et al.4848 Rahu MA, Grap MJ, Ferguson P, Joseph P, Sherman S, Elswick RK Jr. Validity and sensitivity of 6 pain scales in critically ill, intubated adults. Am J Crit Care. 2015;24(6):514-23.
|
United States |
Adults |
n=150 (78 men and 72 women) |
NVPS - BPS - FACES - FLACC - COMFORT - NRP |
Azevedo-Santos et al.66 Azevedo-Santos IF, Alves IG, Badauê-Passos D, Santana-Filho VJ, DeSantana JM. Psychometric analysis of Behavioral Pain Scale Brazilian Version in sedated and mechanically ventilated adult patients: a preliminary study. Pain Pract. 2015;16(4):451-8.
|
Brazil |
Adults |
n=15 (12 men and 03 women) |
BPS |
Liu, Li and Herr4949 Liu Y, Li L, Herr K. Evaluation of two observational pain assessment tools in Chinese critically ill patients. Pain Med. 2015;16(8):1622-8.
|
China |
Adults |
n=117 (84 men and 33 women) |
BPS - CPOT |
Boitor, Fiola and Gélinas1717 Boitor M, Fiola JL, Gélinas C. Validation of the critical-care pain observation tool and vital signs in relation to the sensory and affective components of pain during mediastinal tube removal in postoperative cardiac surgery intensive care unit adults. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2016;31(5):425-32.
|
Canada |
Adults |
n=125 |
CPOT |
Latorre-Marco et al.2222 Latorre-Marco I, Solís-Muñoz M, Acevedo-Nuevo M, Hernández-Sánchez ML, López-López C, Sánchez-Sánchez Mdel M, et al. Validation of the Behavioural Indicators of Pain Scale ESCID for pain assessment in non-communicative and mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: a research protocol. J Adv Nurs. 2016;72(1):205-16.
|
Spain |
Adults |
NI |
ESCID |
Navarro-Colom et al.5050 Navarro-Colom M, Sendra-Lluis MA, Castillo-Masa AM, Robleda G. Fiabilidad interobservador y consistencia interna de la Behavioral Pain Scale en pacientes con ventilación mecânica. Enferm Intensiva. 2015;26(1):24-31.
|
Spain |
Adults |
n=34 (22 men and 12 women) |
BPS |
Li et al.5151 Li Q, Wan X, Gu C, Yu Y, Huang W, Li S, Zhang Y. Pain assessment using the critical-care pain observation tool in Chinese critically ill ventilated adults. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2014;48(5):975-82.
|
China |
Adults |
n=63 (39 men and 29 women) |
CPOT |
Echegaray-Benites, Kapoustina and Gélinas5252 Echegaray-Benites C, Kapoustina O, Gélinas C. Validation of the use of the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) with brain surgery patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2014;30(5):257-65.
|
Canada |
Adults |
n=43 (22 men and 21 women) |
CPOT |
Chanques et al.5353 Chanques G, Pohlman A, Kress JP, Molinari N, de Jong A, Jaber S, et al. Psychometric comparison of three behavioural scales for the assessment of pain in critically ill patients unable to self-report. Crit Care. 2014;18(5):R160.
|
United States |
Adults |
n=30 (11 men and 19 women) |
BPS - CPOT - NVPS |
Morete et al.5454 Morete MC, Mofatto SC, Pereira CA, Silva AP, Odierna MT. Tradução e adaptação cultural da versão portuguesa (Brasil) da escala de dor Behavioural Pain Scale. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2014;26(4):373-8.
|
Brazil |
Adults |
n=100 (61 men and 39 women) |
BPS |
Rijkenberg et al.5555 Rijkenberg S, Stilma W, Endeman H, Bosman RJ, Oudemans-van Straaten HM. Pain measurement in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: Behavioral Pain Scale versus Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool. J Crit Care. 2015;30(1):167-72.
|
Netherlands |
Adults |
n=68 (41 men and 27 women) |
BPS - CPOT |
Topolovec-Vranic et al.5656 Topolovec-Vranic J, Gélinas C, Li Y, Pollmann-Mudryj MA, Innis J, McFarlan A, et al. Validation and evaluation of two observational pain assessment tools in a trauma and neurosurgical intensive care unit. Pain Res Manag. 2013;18(6):e107-14.
|
Canada |
Adults |
n=66 (36 men and 30 women) |
CPOT - NVPS |
Linde et al.5757 Linde SM, Badger JM, Machan JT, Beaudry J, Brucker A, Martin K, et al. Reevaluation of the critical-care pain observation tool in intubated adults after cardiac surgery. Am J Crit Care. 2013;22(6):491-7.
|
NI |
Adults |
n=30 (23 men and 07 women) |
CPOT |
Batalha et al.5858 Batalha LMC, Figueiredo AM, Marques M, Bizarro V. Adaptação cultural e propriedades psicométricas da versão Portuguesa da escala Behavioral Pain Scale - Intubated Patient (BPS-IP/PT). Revista de Enfermagem Referência. 2013;9:7-16.
|
Portugal |
Adults |
n=60 (42 men and 18 women) |
BPS |
Rivas, Rivas and Bustos5959 Rivas A, Rivas E, Bustos L. Validation of a scale of assessment of pain in infants in neonatal unit. Cien Enferm. 2012;18(2):93-9.
|
Chile |
Newborns |
n=112 (69 boys and 43 girls) |
NIPS |
Chen et al.6060 Chen YY, Lai YH, Shun SC, Chi NH, Tsai PS, Liao YM. The Chinese Behavior Pain Scale for critically ill patients: translation and psychometric testing. Int J Nurs Stud. 2011;48(4):438-48.
|
China |
Adults |
n=70 (51 men and 19 women) |
BPS |
Nurnberg Damstrom et al.2929 Nurnberg Damstrom D, Saboonchi F, Sackey PV, Bjorling G. A preliminary validation of the Swedish version of the critical-care pain observation tool in adults. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2011;55(4):379-86.
|
Sweden |
Adults |
n=40 (21 men and 19 women) |
CPOT |
Marmo and Fowler2121 Marmo L, Fowler S. Pain assessment tool in the critically ill post-open heart surgery patient population. Pain Manag Nurs. 2010;11(3):134-40.
|
United States |
Adults |
n=24 |
CPOT - NVPS - FLACC |
Chanques et al.6161 Chanques G, Viel E, Constantin JM, Jung B, de Lattre S, Carr J, et al. The measurement of pain in intensive care unit: comparison of 5 self-report intensity scales. Pain. 2010;151(3)711-21.
|
France |
NI |
n=111 (74 men and 37 women) |
VAS-H - VAS-V - VDS - NRS-O - |
Voepel-Lewis et al.6262 Voepel-Lewis T, Zanotti J, Dammeyer JA, Merkel S. Reliability and validity of the face, legs, activity, cry, consolability, behavioral tool in assessing acute pain in critically ill patients. Am J Crit Care. 2010;19(1):55-62.
|
United States |
Adults and Children |
n=29 (17 men and 12 women) n=08 (04 boys and 03 girls)* *Data about gender absent in one of the children |
NRS-V FLACC |
Klein et al.2424 Klein DG, Dumpe M, Katz E, Bena J. Pain assessment in the intensive care unit: Development and psychometric testing of the nonverbal pain assessment tool. Heart Lung. 2010;39(6):521-8.
|
Guinea-Bissau |
Adults |
n=270 |
NPAT |
Chanques et al.6363 Chanques G, Payen JF, Mercier G, de Lattre S, Viel E, Jung B, et al. Assessing pain in non-intubated critically ill patients unable to self report: an adaptation of the Behavioral Pain Scale. Intensive Care Med. 2009;35(12):2060-7.
|
France |
Adults |
n=30 (20 men and 10 women) |
BPS |
Johansson and Kokinsky6464 Johansson M, Kokinsky E. The COMFORT behavioural scale and the modified FLACC scale in pediatric intensive care. Nurs Crit Care. 2009;14(3):122-30.
|
Sweden |
Children |
n=40 (22 boys and 18 girls) |
COMFORT - FLACC (modified) |
Kabes, Graves and Norris2525 Kabes AM, Graves JK, Norris J. Further validation of the nonverbal pain scale in intensive care patients. Crit Care Nurse. 2009;29(1)59-66.
|
United States |
Adults |
n=121 |
NVPS |
Holsti et al.6565 Holsti L, Grunau RE, Oberlander TF, Osiovich H. Is it painful or not? Discriminant validity of the Behavioral Indicators of Infant Pain (BIIP) scale. Clin J Pain. 2008;24(1)83-8.
|
Canada |
Preemies |
n=69 (36 boys and 33 girls) |
BIIP |
Gélinas and Johnston6666 Gélinas C, Johnston C. Pain assessment in the critically ill ventilated adult: validation of the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool and physiologic indicators. Clin J Pain. 2007;23(6):497-505.
|
Canada |
Adults |
n=55 (32 men and 23 women) |
CPOT |
Gélinas et al.6767 Gélinas C, Fillion L, Puntillo KA, Viens C, Fortier M. Validation of the critical-care pain observation tool in adult patients. Am J Crit Care. 2006;15(4):420-7.
|
Canada |
|
n=105 (83 men and 22 women) |
CPOT |
Young et al.6868 Young J, Siffleet J, Nikoletti S, Shaw T. Use of a Behavioural Pain Scale to assess pain in ventilated, unconscious and/or sedated patients. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2006;22(1):32-9.
|
Australia |
Adults |
n=44 (26 men and 18 women) |
BPS |
Spence et al.2727 Spence K, Gillies D, Harrison D, Johnston L, Nagy S. A reliable pain assessment tool for clinical assessment in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2005;34(1):80-6.
|
NI |
Newborns |
n=144 |
PAT |
McNair et al.2828 McNair C, Ballantyne M, Dionne K, Stephens D, Stevens B. Postoperative pain assessment in the neonatal intensive care unit. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2004;89(6):F537-41.
|
Canada |
NI |
n=51 |
PIPP - CRIES |
Marceau6969 Marceau J. Pilot study of a pain assessment tool in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. J Paediatr Child Health. 2003;39(8):598-601.
|
Australia |
Newborns |
n=30 (17 boys e 13 girls) |
NNICUPAT |
Payen et al.7070 Payen JF, Bru O, Bosson JL, Lagrasta A, Novel E, Deschaux I, et al. Assessing pain in critically ill sedated patients by using a behavioral pain scale. Crit Care Med. 2001;29(12):2258-63.
|
France |
Adults |
n=30 (17 men e 13 women) |
BPS |