Zuñiga et al.1616 Zúñiga C, Díaz S, Piedemonte F, Micheli F. Beneficial effects of botulinum toxin type A in trigeminal neuralgia. ArqNeuropsiquiatr. 2008;66(3):500-3.
|
12 |
Trigger zones and masseter/subcutaneous route
|
20 - 50U |
Weekly during 8 weeks after application |
Reduction of paroxysmal episodes and pain intensity; 10 patients presented immediate relief or in a couple of minutes after the injection of BoNT/A |
Facial asymmetry |
Bohluli et al.1717 Bohluli B, Motamedi MH, Bagheri SC, Bayat M, Lassemi E, Navi F, et al. Use of botulinum toxin A for drug-refractory trigeminal neuralgia: preliminary report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011;111(1):47-50.
|
15 |
Trigger zones/ does not report administration route |
50-100U in each trigger zone |
Base period (1 week) and 1 and 6 months after application |
All patients presented reduction of paroxysmal episodes and intensity of pain; 3 patients returned responding to the pharmacological therapy with anticonvulsants |
Transitory paresthesia of the facial nerve |
Li et al. 2121 Li S, Lian YJ, Chen Y, Zhang HF, Ma YQ, He CH, et al. Therapeutic effect of botulinum toxin-A in 88 patients with trigeminal neuralgia with 14-month follow-up. J Headache Pain. 2014;15:43.
|
88 divided in three groups 43 (BoNT/A ≤ 50U) 32 (BoNT/A 50-100U) 13 (BoNT/A ≥ 100U) |
15-20 trigger zones/subcutaneous and/or submucous route (4 - 10 zones) |
≤50U 50-100U ≥100U |
Weekly for 2 months and monthly until 14 months after application |
All patients presented effective improvement after 2 months of treatment; reduction of the effect of BoNT/A after 3 months; absence of significant differences between groups treated with different dosages |
Edema and muscle relaxation |
Xia et al.2323 Xia JH, He CH, Zhang HF, Lian YJ, Chen Y, Wu CJ, et al. Botulinum toxin A in treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Int J Neurosci. 2016;126(4):348-53.
|
87 |
15-20 trigger zones or pain sites / intradermal route |
Does not mention used dosage |
Base period (1 week) and weekly during 8 weeks after application |
The results were significant for the reduction of pain intensity by the end of 8 weeks; improvement in anxiety (90.32%), depression (96.77%) and sleep disorders was also registered |
Edema and muscle relaxation |
Zhang et al.2424 Zhang H, Lian Y, Xie N, Chen C, Zheng Y. Single-dose botulinum toxin type a compared with repeated-dose for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: a pilot study. J Headache Pain. 2017;18(1):81.
|
100 divided in two groups 50 (single dose) 50 (two doses) |
15-20 points of pain / intradermal and/or submucous route |
70 - 100 U (single dose) 100 - 140 U (two doses) |
Weekly for 1 month and monthly until 6 months after application |
The duration of the BoNT/A effect was greater in the single dosage group; both groups presented significant results for the reduction of pain intensity and no differences were identified in the comparison between groups |
Not specified |
Borü et al.2525 TürkBörü Ü, Duman A, Bölük C, Coskun Duman S, Tasdemir M. Botulinum toxin in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia 6-month follow-up. Medicine. 2017;96(39):e8133.
|
27 |
Maxillary and mandibular root |
100 U |
Base period (1 day) and 1 week, 1 and 6 months after application |
Significant results for the reduction of pain intensity, frequency of paroxysmal attacks and improvement perception; by the end of treatment, 24 patients presented a reduction of ≥50% in pain intensity |
Muscle weakness |
Caldera et al.2626 Caldera MC, Senanayake SJ, Perera SP, Perera NN, Gamage R, Gooneratne IK. Efficacy of botulinum toxin type A in trigeminal neuralgia in a south Asian cohort. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2018;9(1):100-5.
|
22 |
Trigger zones or pain sites/intradermal route |
15 - 50 U |
10, 20, 30, 60 e 90 days after the application |
The patients who received the BoNT/A presented significant reduction in pain intensity; no significant differences were found in the comparisons of pain intensity reduction according to different dosages and sites of application. |
Not reported |
Liu et al.2727 Liu J, Xu YY, Zhang QL, Luo WF. Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A in treating patients of advanced age with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Pain Res Manag. 2018;2018:7365148.
|
43 14 (≥80 years) 29 (<60 years) |
Trigger zones and pain sites /intradermal and/or submucous route |
45 - 150 U (≥80 years) 30 - 200 U (<60 years) |
1 month after application |
The results of the two groups were significant for the reduction of pain intensity; the comparison of results between the two groups was not statistically significant. |
Facial palsy and eyelid ptosis |
Wu et al. 2828 Wu S, Lian Y, Zhang H, Chen Y, Wu C, Li S, et al. Botulinum toxin A for a refractory trigeminal neuralgia in older patients: a better therapeutic effect. J Pain Res. 2019;12:2177-86.
|
104 25 (<50 years) 79 (≥50 years) |
Trigger zones and/or pain sites/intradermal and/or submucous route |
5U for each point (intradermal route) 2,5 U for each point (submucous route) |
Weekly for 2 months and monthly for 12 months |
The results show that 87 patients presented significant improvement in pain; the group assessment showed good pain control in 83.3% (≥50anos) and 57.7% (<50 years). |
Facial asymmetry |
Zhang et al.2929 Zhang H, Lian Y, Xie N, Cheng X, Chen C, Xu H, et al. Factors affecting the therapeutic effect of botulinum toxin A on trigeminal neuralgia: A follow-up retrospective study of 152 patients. Exp Ther Med. 2019;18(5):3375-82.
|
152 |
15-25 Trigger zones and pain sites/intradermal and/or submucous route |
1,25 - 5 U for each trigger zone <40 U 40-70 U >70 U |
Minimum monitoring of 6 months and maximum of 28 months |
Results show a general efficacy rate of 89.4%, maintaining the effects of BoNT/A during the first 6 months of monitoring. |
Facial asymmetry |