Yamada et al.1919 Yamada K, Wakaizumi K, Kubota Y, Murayama H, Tabuchi T. Loneliness, social isolation, and pain following the COVID-19 outbreak: data from a nationwide internet survey in Japan. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):18643. (Japan) |
Subjects registered with a survey agency. |
n= 25482; Female: 50.27%; 48.80 (17.30) years; [15-79] years. |
Cross-sectional; online survey; from 8/25/2020 to 9/30/2020. |
Investigate the association between loneliness, social isolation and pain (head, neck, shoulder, upper limb, lower back and legs) following the restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. |
A positive association was found between loneliness/perception of social isolation and: incidence of pain; pain intensity and CP prevalence. The possibility of other consequences such as psychological stress and depressive symptoms was highlighted. |
Harnik et al.2020 Harnik MA, Blättler L, Limacher A, Reisig F, Grosse Holtforth M, Streitberger K. Telemedicine for chronic pain treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: do pain intensity and anxiousness correlate with patient acceptance? Pain Pract. 2021;21(8):934-42. (Switzerland) |
Patients followed in a Pain Clinic. |
n= 61; Female: 57.40%; 56.89 (16.16) years; [NA-NA] years. |
Telephone questionnaire; from 03/31/2020 to 07/30/2020 |
Evaluate patients’ acceptance of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine the correlation of this acceptance with pain intensity and anxiety. |
The mean level of acceptance of telemedicine was 6.25 (from 0 to 10).
Acceptance of telemedicine correlated to: 1) negatively, with the current mean level of pain, worries and fear of COVID-19; 2) positively, with the individual’s general condition.
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García-Esquinas et al.2222 García-Esquinas E, Ortolá R, Gine-Vázquez I, Carnicero JA, Mañas A, Lara E, et al. Changes in health behaviors, mental and physical health among older adults under severe lockdown restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(13):7067. (Spain) |
Participants from four cohorts of older adults residents in the community. |
n= 3041; Female: 57.70%; 69.90 (8.00) to 81.50 (5.60) years; [65-NA] years. |
Face to face and telephone interview; from 04/27/2020 to 06/22/2020 |
Identify the changes in lifestyles, physical and mental health among seniors between the seventh and fifteenth week after the onset of confinement by the COVID-19 pandemic. |
There was reduced physical activity and increased sedentary lifestyle, which reversed after the end of confinement. There was worsening of CP and moderate decline in mental health, which continued after the end of the restrictions.
During the pandemic, the risk of having less healthy lifestyles or worse mental health was higher in males and individuals with: more comorbidities; social isolation or feelings of loneliness; worse living conditions.
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Macfarlane et al.2323 Macfarlane GJ, Hollick RJ, Morton L, Heddle M, Bachmair E, Anderson RS, Whibley D, Keenan K F, et al. The effect of COVID-19 public health restrictions on the health of people with musculoskeletal conditions and symptoms: the CONTAIN study. Rheumatology. 2021;60(SI):SI13-SI24. (England) |
Epidemiological records of people with axial spondyloarthritis or psoriatic arthritis and participants in a trial who had regional pain and risk of C P. |
n=1054 (477 with ≥56-74 years, 125 with ≥75 years); Male: 55.00%; 59.00 (NA) years; [18-96] years. |
Questionnaire; from 06/2020 to 12/2020 |
Quantify the change in QoL, disease-specific indicators, health and lifestyles before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with musculoskeletal symptoms and diseases. |
There was a significant decrease in QoL, increased fibromyalgia symptoms, and reduced sleep disturbances. There was a deleterious effect on QoL due to pain intensity and mental health impact. There was increased anxiety in patients with psoriatic arthritis. |
Lassen et al.2424 Lassen CL, Siam L, Degenhart A, Klier T W, Bundscherer A, Lindenberg N. Short-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with a chronic pain disorder. Medicine. (Baltimore). 2021;100(10):e25153. (Germany) |
Patients with an appointment at a tertiary multidisciplinary pain center. |
n= 112; Female: 68.75%; 55.00 (13.10) years; [NA-NA] years. |
Observational, questionnaire-based; from 05/05/2020 to 07/17/2020 |
Short-term influence of the pandemic COVID-19 on patients with C P. |
About 73% of patients presented a worsening of pain intensity. The “social relations” dimension was the most affected in the pain experience. No clinically relevant demographic and medical parameters associated with the impact of pandemic COVID-19 were detected. |
Fallon et al.2525 Fallon N, Brown C, Twiddy H, Brian E, Frank B, Nurmikko T, Stancak A. Adverse effects of COVID-19-related lockdown on pain, physical activity and psychological well-being in people with chronic pain. Br J Pain. 2021;15(3):357-68. (England) |
Through online outreach. |
n= 519; Female: 90.56%; 43.98 (13.38) years; [18-79] years. |
Electronic questionnaire; 04/17/2020 to 05/12/2020 |
Investigate how COVID-19 restrictions affected individuals with CP compared to a healthy control group. |
CP patients presented worsening of pain and more loneliness, anxiety and depressed mood, as well as reduced levels of exercise. Perceived increased pain was related to perceived reduced exercise. Catastrophizing pain was related to self-perception of pain intensity, mediating the relationship between reduced mood and pain. |
Pagé et al.2626 Pagé MG, Lacasse A, Dassieu L, Hudspith M, Moor G, Sutton K, Tompson JM, Dorais M, Janelle Montcalm A, Sourial N, Choinière M. A cross-sectional study of pain status and psychological distress among individuals living with chronic pain: the Chronic Pain & COVID-19 Pan-Canadian Study. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2021;41(5):141-52. (Canada) |
Through patient associations, pain organizations, research networks, and media. |
n= 3159 (205 with >70 years); Female: 83.50%; 49.70 (NA) years; [18-NA] years. |
Online survey; 04/16/2020 to 05/31/2020 |
Investigate the factors associated with changes in pain and psychological distress in people with CP during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
About 47% had CP for >10 years. Increased pain intensity was associated with changes in treatment (pharmacological or otherwise). Psychological distress was associated with: pandemic-related negative emotions; high levels of perceived global stress; high levels of health-related stress and insecurity of individuals. In seniors, worsening pain and psychological distress were less prevalent. |
Licciardone2626 Pagé MG, Lacasse A, Dassieu L, Hudspith M, Moor G, Sutton K, Tompson JM, Dorais M, Janelle Montcalm A, Sourial N, Choinière M. A cross-sectional study of pain status and psychological distress among individuals living with chronic pain: the Chronic Pain & COVID-19 Pan-Canadian Study. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2021;41(5):141-52. (USA) |
Through “Pain Registry for Epidemiological, Clinical, and Interventional Studies and Innovation”. |
n= 476 (158 with >61 years); Female: 73.30%; 54.00 (13.20) years; [22-81] years. |
Longitudinal prospective, observational; from 12/2019-03/2020 to 06/2020-09/2020 |
Measure changes in treatment utilization (non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic) and associated outcomes in patients with chronic low back pain during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic. |
Worldwide, decreased use of treatments for chronic low back pain did not negatively affect pain or functional outcomes during the first 6 months of the pandemic. |
Licciardone2727 Mun CJ, Campbell CM, McGill LS, Aaron RV. The early impact of COVID-19 on chronic pain: a cross-sectional investigation of a large online sample of individuals with chronic pain in the United States, April to May, 2020. Pain Med. 2021;22(2):470-80. (USA) |
Through “Pain Registry for Epidemiological, Clinical, and Interventional Studies and Innovation”. |
n= 528; Female: 74.1%; 53.90 (13.00) years; [NA-NA] years. |
Longitudinal prospective, observational; from 10-14 weeks between pre- and post-pandemic period |
Determine whether limited access to health care during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted treatment utilization (non-pharmacological, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and opioids) and affected pain intensity and physical disability in patients with chronic low back pain. |
Worldwide, the mean scores for change in pain intensity and physical disability before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were not significant. There was an impact of the pandemic on accessibility to non-pharmacological treatments, especially by the older adults population. |
Consonni et al.3030 Consonni M, Telesca A, Grazzi L, Cazzato D, Lauria G. Life with chronic pain during COVID-19 lockdown: the case of patients with small fibre neuropathy and chronic migraine. Neurol Sci. 2021;42(2):389-97. (Italy) |
Patients with chronic migraine, small fiber neuropathy and their healthy family members monitored in an outpatient clinic. |
n= 80 (neuropathy- 25, migraine-42, healthy- 13); Female: 65%; 55.84 (13.10), 49.00 (10.30) and 52.67 (17.30) years, respectively: neuropathy, migraine and healthy family members. [NA-NA] years. |
Questionnaire (email, telephone or face-to-face); from 05/02/2020 to 06/11/2020 |
Investigate the impact of distress associated with pandemic COVID-19 on patients with C P, namely the effects on physical and psychological health of changes in individual habits and reconfiguration of health care. |
Individuals with disease had lower QoL, less physical health, and a more catastrophic attitude toward pain than healthy individuals. During the pandemic, patients with neuropathy reported greater decline in clinical symptoms, concerns about contagion, and discomfort with changes in disease/CP management than individuals with migraine. The results highlighted individual variability and the influence of psychological state on the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. |
Nieto et al.3131 Nieto R, Pardo R, Sora B, Feliu-Soler A, Luciano JV. Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures on Spanish People with Chronic Pain: An Online Study Survey. J Clin Med. 2020;9(11):3558. (Spain) |
Through: researchers’ social networks, social media, mass email, patient associations, regional CP associations. |
N= 502 (12.40% with >60 years); Female: 88.00%; NA (NA) years; [18-89] years. |
Cross-sectional; online survey; from 04/27/2020 to 05/25 /2020 |
Comprehend the impact of the constraints imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with C P, to analyze the overall changes in their health, and to explore changes in coping pain strategies. |
During the pandemic there was worsening of emotional distress, sleep disturbance, and pain interference with physical activities. There was improvement or maintenance of support received from others. Individuals living with someone in a dependent situation had significantly worse outcomes in health (overall), physical ability, and social activities. |
Steptoe and Di Gessa3333 Steptoe A, Di Gessa G. Mental health and social interactions of older people with physical disabilities in England during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Public Health. 2021;6(6):e365-e373. (England) |
Through the “English Longitudinal Study of Ageing”. |
n= 4887; Female: 56.90%; 72.13 (8.00) years; [52-NA] years. |
Longitudinal, cohort; from 06/03/2020 to 07/26/2020 |
Evaluate the emotional and social experience of seniors with physical disability during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. |
About 41.53% of the participants suffered from C P. During the COVID-19 pandemic, significantly, individuals with prior disability in performing activities of daily life had more symptoms of depression and anxiety, more sleep disturbances, worse QoL, and more perceived loneliness. People with mobility impairments had fewer social contacts with their families. |
Polenick et al.3434 Polenick CA, Perbix EA, Salwi SM, Maust D T, Birditt KS, Brooks JM. Loneliness During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Older Adults With Chronic Conditions. J Appl Gerontol. 2021;40(8):804-13. (USA) |
Through databases (“The Healthier Black Elders Center Participant Resource Pool of African American” and University of Michigan), researchers’ contacts, social networks. |
n= 701; Female: 73.60%; 64.57 (08.84) years; [50-94] years. |
Cross-sectional; online survey; 05/14/2020 to 07/09/2020 |
Study the factors associated with loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults with chronic illness and aged ≥50 years. |
Several patients with chronic arthritis (60.9%), CP (34.7%), osteoporosis (19.5%). A positive association was found between loneliness and: anxiety symptoms and functional limitations. Emotional support was noted to be a protective factor of feelings of loneliness. |