Kim et al.3636 Kim MG, Seo JI, Kim K, Ahn YS. Nationwide firefighter survey: the prevalence of lower back pain and its related psychological factors among Korean firefighters. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2017;23(4):447-56.
|
Korea |
24209 |
No |
Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D-K) |
Self-designed instrument developed for the national survey |
Cross-sectional |
Depression |
Yes |
Salt et al.3333 Salt E, Wiggins AT, Hooker Q, Rayens MK. Clinical and psychosocial factors over time following an acute low back pain episode. Orthop Nurs. 2020;39(4):248-54.
|
USA |
42 |
Yes |
Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression |
Hospitalization due to low back pain (no mention to standardized instrument) |
Cross-sectional |
Depression |
Yes |
Calvo Lobo et al.5151 Calvo Lobo C, Vilar-Fernández JM, Losa-Iglesias ME, López-López D, Rodríguez-Sanz D, Palomo-López P, Becerro-de Bengoa-Vallejo R. Depression symptoms among older adults with and without subacute low back pain. Rehabil Nurs. 2019;44(1):47-51.
|
Spain |
332 |
Yes |
BDI |
Quebec Task Force on Spinal |
Case-control |
Depression |
Yes |
Donatti et al.4343 Donatti A, Alves ES, Terassi M, Luchesi BM, Pavarini SCI, Inouye K. Relationship between the intensity of chronic low back pain and the generated limitations with depressive symptoms. BrJP. 2019;2(3):247-54.
|
Brazil |
46 |
Yes |
GDS |
Multidimensional Pain Evaluation Scale (EMADOR) |
Cross-sectional |
Depression |
Yes |
Araújo et al.1010 Araujo JA, Campos MR, Santos MVF, Gonçalves DA, Mari JJ, Tófoli LF, et al. Dor lombar e transtornos mentais comuns na Estratégia Saúde da Família: uma associação pouco reconhecida. Rev Bras Med Fam Comunidade. 2018;13(40):1-14.
|
Brazil |
1857 |
Yes |
HAD |
Doctor’s diagnosis (no mention to standardized instrument) |
Cross-sectional |
Anxiety Depression |
Yes |
Santiago-Bazan and Espinoza-Ventura3838 Santiago-Barzan C, Espinoza-Ventura AY. Lumbar pain related to anxiety and depression in police officers of a police station in Lima. Rev Fac Med Hum. 2021;21(1):75-81.
|
Peru |
110 |
No |
Zung Test |
Non-standardized instrument (self-designed instrument) |
Cross-sectional |
Anxiety Depression |
Yes |
Singhal et al.4141 Sigurd M, Coggon D, Andresen JH, Casey P, Flachs EM, Kolstad HA, Mors O, Bond JP. Are depressive disorders caused by psychosocial stressors at work? A sistematic review with metaaanalysis. Eur J Epidemiol; 2021;36(5):479-96.
|
India |
50 |
Yes |
PHQ-9 and GAD-7 |
VAS |
Cross-sectional |
Anxiety Depression |
No |
Hu et al.5555 Hu Y, Yang Z, Li Y, Xu Y, Tian M, Jiang N, Guo N. Prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among patients with chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry. 2022;12:820782.
|
China |
838 |
Yes |
PHQ-9 |
BPI-OS Pain intensity subscale |
Cross-sectional |
Depression |
Yes |
Xu et al.5656 Xu C, Fu Z, Wang J, Wu B, Wang XQ. Differences and correlations of anxiety, sleep quality, and pressure-pain threshold between patients with chronic low back pain and asymptomatic people. Pain Res Manag. 2022;2022:8648584.
|
China |
80 |
Yes |
State-Trait Anxiety |
Hospitalization due to low back pain (no mention to standardized instrument) |
Cross-sectional |
Anxiety |
Yes |
Ge et al.5757 Ge L, Pereira MJ, Yap CW, Heng BH. Chronic low back pain and its impacto on physical function, mental health, and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectionla study in Singapore. Scientific Rep. 2022;12:20040.
|
Singapore |
1941 |
No |
PHQ-9 |
Self-designed instrument developed for the national survey |
Cross-sectional |
Depression |
Yes |
Hu et al.5858 Hu Y, Yang Z, Li Y, Xu Y, Zhou X, Guo N. Anxiety symptoms and associated factors among chronic low back pain patients in china: a cross-sectional study. Front. Public Health. 2022;10:878865.
|
China |
1172 |
Sim |
GAD-7 |
BPI-OS Pain intensity subscale |
Cross-sectional |
Anxiety |
Yes |
Jiang et al.5959 Jiang Y, Wang Y, Wang R, Zhang X, Wang X. Differences in pain, disability, and psychological function in low back pain patients with and without anxiety. Front Physiol. 2022;13:906461.
|
China |
60 |
Yes |
SAS – Anxiety self-rating scale |
VAS |
Cross-sectional |
Anxiety |
Yes |
Kao et al.6060 Kao YC, Chen JY, Chen HH, Liao KW, Huang SS. The association between depression and chronic lower back pain from disc degeneration and herniation of the lumbar spine. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2022;57(2):165-77.
|
Taiwan |
83.748 |
Yes |
Doctor’s diagnosis (no mention to standardized instrument) |
Doctor’s diagnosis (no mention to standardized instrument) |
Retrospective cohort |
Depression |
Yes |
Kayhan et al.5050 Kayhan F, Albayrak Gezer İ, Kayhan A, Kitiş S, Gölen M. Mood and anxiety disorders in patients with chronic low back and neck pain caused by disc herniation. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2016;20(1):19-23.
|
Not mentioned |
209 |
Yes |
The Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scales |
VAS |
Case-control |
Anxiety Depression |
Yes |
Calvo Lobo et al.5151 Calvo Lobo C, Vilar-Fernández JM, Losa-Iglesias ME, López-López D, Rodríguez-Sanz D, Palomo-López P, Becerro-de Bengoa-Vallejo R. Depression symptoms among older adults with and without subacute low back pain. Rehabil Nurs. 2019;44(1):47-51.
|
Not mentioned |
152 |
Yes |
BDI |
The Quebec Task Force on Spinal Disorders |
Case-control |
Depression |
Yes |
Ranger et al.1717 Ranger TA, Cicuttini FM, Jensen TS, Manniche C, Heritier S, Urquhart DM. Catastrophization, fear of movement, anxiety, and depression are associated with persistent, severe low back pain and disability. Spine J. 2020;20(6):857-65.
|
Denmark |
952 |
Yes |
Danish SpineData registry |
Danish Spine Data registry |
Prospective cohort |
Anxiety Depression |
Yes |
Park et al.1818 Park SM, Kim HJ, Jang S, Kim H, Chang BS, Lee CK, Yeom JS. Depression is closely associated with chronic low back pain in patients over 50 years of age: a cross-sectional study using the sixth korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES VI-2). Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2018;43(18):1281.
|
Korea |
2732 |
No |
PHQ-9 |
Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) |
Cross-sectional |
Depression |
Yes |
Hübscher et al.2626 Hübscher M, Hartvigsen J, Fernandez M, Christensen K, Ferreira P. Does physical activity moderate the relationship between depression symptomatology and low back pain? Cohort and co-twin control analyses nested in the longitudinal study of aging Danish twins (LSADT). Eur Spine J. 2016;25(4):1226-33.
|
Denmark |
2446 |
No |
Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination (CAMDEX) |
Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins (LSADT) |
Case-control |
Depression |
Yes |
Farajirad, Tohidi and Farajirad5252 Farajirad E, Tohidi H, Farajirad M. Comparison of the frequency of psychiatric disorders among patients with chronic low back pain and control group. Asian J Neurosurg. 2016;11(3):287-91.
|
Iran |
150 |
Yes |
Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL-90-R) Questionnaire |
Hospitalization due to low back pain (no mention to standardized instrument) |
Case-control |
Anxiety Depression |
Yes |
Fernadez et al.1919 Fernandez M, Colodro-Conde L, Hartvigsen J, Ferreira ML, Refshauge KM, Pinheiro MB, Ordoñana JR, Ferreira PH. Chronic low back pain and the risk of depression or anxiety symptoms: insights from a longitudinal twin study. Spine J. 2017;17(7):905-12.
|
Spain |
1269 |
No |
Depression or Anxiety dimension of the EQ-5D |
Spanish National Health Survey |
Nested case-control |
Anxiety Depression |
No |
Trocoli et al.3535 Trocoli TO, Botelho RV. Prevalence of anxiety, depression and kinesiophobia in patients with low back pain and their association with the symptoms of low back spinal pain. Rev Bras Reumatol Engl. 2016;56(4):330-6.
|
Not mentioned |
65 |
Yes |
BDI and BAI |
Non-standardized instrument (graphic representation of the pain) |
Cross-sectional |
Anxiety Depression |
Yes |
Adilay et al.4747 Adilay U, Guclu B, Goksel M, Keskil S. The correlation of SCL-90-R anxiety, depression, somatization subscale scores with chronic low back pain. Turk Neurosurg. 2018;28(3):434-8.
|
Turkey |
150 |
Yes |
Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) |
Hospitalization due to low back pain (no mention to standardized instrument) |
Cross-sectional |
Anxiety Depression |
No |
Tsuji et al.4848 Tsuji T, Matsudaira K, Sato H, Vietri J. The impact of depression among chronic low back pain patients in Japan. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;17(1):447.
|
Japan |
425 |
Yes |
PHQ-9 |
Japan National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) |
Cross-sectional |
Depression |
Yes |
Robertson et al.4949 Robertson D, Kumbhare D, Nolet P, Srbely J, Newton G. Associations between low back pain and depression and somatization in a Canadian emerging adult population. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2017;61(2):96-105.
|
Canada |
1013 |
No |
Modified Zung Depression Index |
Non-standardized instrument (self-designed instrument) |
Cross-sectional |
Depression |
Yes |
Pinheiro et al.2727 Pinheiro MB, Ferreira ML, Refshauge K, Colodro-Conde L, González-Javier F, Hopper JL, Ordoñana JR, Ferreira PH. Symptoms of depression and risk of low back pain: a prospective co-twin study. Clin J Pain. 2017;33(9):777-85.
|
Spain |
1098 |
No |
Depression or Anxiety dimension of the EQ-5D |
Spanish National Health Survey |
Nested case-control |
Low Back Pain |
No |
Watrous et al.3737 Watrous JR, McCabe CT, Jones G, Farrokhi S, Mazzone B, Clouser MC, Galarneau MR. Low back pain, mental health symptoms, and quality of life among injured service members. Health Psychol. 2020;39(7):549-57.
|
USA |
4397 |
No |
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) |
Doctor’s diagnosis (no mention to standardized instrument) |
Longitudinal |
Depression |
Yes |
LopezLopez et al.55 Lopez-Lopez D, Vilar-Fernandez JM, Calvo-Lobo C, Losa-Iglesias ME, Rodriguez-Sanz D, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R. Evaluation of depression in subacute low back pain: a case control study. Pain Physician. 2017;20(4):E499-E505.
|
Spain |
164 |
Yes |
BDI |
Non identified instrument (not described in the article) |
Case-control |
Depression |
Yes |