Effect of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> on digestibility and blood parameters in horses

CésarBraga, Auro; Almeida, Fernando Queiroz de; Silva, Vinicius Pimentel; Keller, Kelly Moura; Maciel, Marina Prado; Almeida, Maria Izabel Vieira de; Rosa, Carlos Alberto da Rocha

doi:10.5216/1809-6891v22e-63385

Brasil

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Veterinary Medicine • Ciênc. anim. bras. 22 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.5216/1809-6891v22e-63385 linkcopy

Effect of aflatoxin B₁ on digestibility and blood parameters in horses

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) on the digestibility of nutrients and the hematological profile of horses. The assay lasted 40 days, with 12 days for adaptation and 28 days for experimentation. In the experimental stage, the horses were distributed in a completely randomized design, including three treatment groups with four animals in each group. The treatments used included 0 µg/kg (control), 50 µg/kg, and 100 µg/kg of AFB₁ added to a concentrate in the basal diet. The basal diet contained mycotoxins from naturally contaminated feed. A digestibility essay was carried out at the end of the experimental period through partial feces collection, with LIPE® as an indicator. Blood samples were collected once a week during the assay for hematological and biochemical evaluations. The results of the hematological and biochemical parameters were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and compared by the Tukey test at 5% significance. The aflatoxins in the diet increased the leukocyte count, especially that of mature neutrophils. Creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05) activities were higher in horses fed more toxic diets. The digestibility of nutrients was unaffected by the level of mycotoxins in the diet (P > 0.05).

Keywords: digestibility; equine; hematology; mycotoxin

Diet components	Treatments
Diet components	T I	T II	T III
Tifton/alfalfa hay (g)	7.400	6.900	6.600
Commercial concentrate (g)	4.000	4.000	4.000
Concentration of mycotoxins in the diet (µg)
Aflatoxin B₁	0	50	100
Zearalenone	2.758,1	2.687,5	2.655,2
Desoxynivalenol	21.564,7	20.689,9	20.289,0
Fumonisins	2.240.0	2.240,0	2.240,0
Total of daily diet (g)	11.400	10.900	10.600

Variables	Treatments			Mean	SD	CV (%)
Variables	Basal	50 µg kg^-1	100 µg kg^-1	Mean	SD	CV (%)
Dry matter intake¹ 1 % of BW Abbreviations: BW, body weight; SD, standard deviation; CV, coefficient of vanation	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.4	0.2	6.8
Dry matter digestibility	74.0	74.7	75.0	74.6	0.7	0.8
Crude protein digestibility	73.9	73.7	74.2	73.9	2.0	3.0
Ether extract digestibility	81.5	81.8	82.6	81.9	1.1	1.3
Neutral detergent fiber digestibility	73.3	73.6	73,7	73.5	0.3	0.4
Acid detergent fiber digestibility	69.0	68.0	67.1	68.0	2.0	2.9

Variables	Average	CV (%)	P-value			Reference values
Variables	Average	CV (%)	AFB₁	Time	AFB₁ x Time	Reference values
Globular Volume (%)	33.8	5.9	0.334	0.001	NS	38-42¹ 1 Hodgson et al.(14);
Erythrocytes (10⁶ µL^-1)	7.5	5.9	NS	0.001	NS	7-11¹ 1 Hodgson et al.(14);
Hemoglobin (g dL^-1)	11.4	5.5	0.253	0.000	NS	11-17¹ 1 Hodgson et al.(14);
MCV (fL)	45.4	0.9	NS	0.003	NS	42-47¹ 1 Hodgson et al.(14);
MCHC (%)	33.7	1.2	NS	0.000	NS	31-38.6² 2 Carlson(15);
Total leukocytes (10³ µL^-1)	7.9	8.5	0.078	0.000	0.325	6-11¹ 1 Hodgson et al.(14);
Lymphocytes (10³ µL^-1)	3.5	16.3	NS	0.003	0.124	2-5.5¹ 1 Hodgson et al.(14);
Monocytes (10³ µL^-1)	1.4	17.7	NS	0.028	0.025	0.2-0.8¹ 1 Hodgson et al.(14);
Mature neutrophils (10³ µL^-1)	2.9	12.3	0.000	0.001	0.027	2.3-8.6³ 3 Robínson and Sprayberry(16) Abbreviations: CV: coefficient of variation; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

Time (days)	Treatments
Time (days)	Control	50 µg kg^-1	100 µg kg^-1
-------------------Monocytes ¹ 1 Coefficient of variation (CV): 17.6 % -------------------
Zero	1,47^Aab	1.42^Aa	1.55^Aab
7	1.08^Ab	1.52^Aa	1.40^Aab
14	1.62^Aa	1.40^Aa	1.65^Aa
21	1.10^Aa	1.27^Aa	1.38^Aab
28	1.52^Aab	1.50^Aa	1.07^Ab
-------------------Mature neutrophils² 2 CV:12.3% -------------------
Zero	2.3^Bab	3.25^Aab	3.62^Aa
7	1.8^Cab	2.8^Bb	4.2^Aa
14	2.7^Ba	2.85^ABab	3.67^Aa
21	2.35^Ba	3.55^Aa	4.02^Aa
28	1.57^Cb	2.52^Bb	3.70^Aa
-------------------P-value-------------------
	AFB₁	Time	AFB₁ x Time
Monocytes	NS	0.028	0.025
Mature neutrophils	0.000	0.001	0.027

Variables	Average	CV (%)⁵ 5 foefficient of variation	P-value			Reference values
Variables	Average	CV (%)⁵ 5 foefficient of variation	AFB₁	Time	AFB₁ x Time	Reference values
Total protein (g dL^-1)	5.33	22.39	0.073	0.000	0.133	5.2-7.9² 2 Gonzalez and Silva(17);
Albumins(g dL^-1)	2.11	22.98	NS	0.000	0.144	2.6-3.7² 2 Gonzalez and Silva(17);
Globulins (g dL^-1)	3.21	22.44	0.092	0.000	0.126	2.6-4.0² 2 Gonzalez and Silva(17);
Cholesterol (mg dL^-1)	86.18	20.25	0.211	0.000	0.090	75-150¹ 1 Robinson and Sprayberry(16);
Urea (mg dL^-1)	29.46	20.40	0.243	0.000	NS	22-42⁴ 4 Padilha et al(19);
Creatinine (mg dL^-1)	0.95	14.65	0.245	0.000	NS	1.2-1.8⁴ 4 Padilha et al(19);
GGT (U L^-1)	7.73	21.81	0.268	0.182	0.331	9-26⁴ 4 Padilha et al(19);
AST (U L^-1)	288.73	24.01	0.058	0.208	NS	197-454⁴ 4 Padilha et al(19);
CK(U L^-1)	295.42	32.41	0.023	0.000	0.440	116-290⁴ 4 Padilha et al(19);
LDH (U L^-1)	845.17	37.97	0.090	0.319	NS	162-412² 2 Gonzalez and Silva(17);
ALP (U L^-1)	67.68	20.93	0.012	0.026	NS	100-500³ 3 Kerr(18);

Time (days)	Treatments
Time (days)	Control	50 µg kg^-1	100 µg kg^-1	Mean
----------------------------Creatine Kinase (UI/L)¹ 1 Coefficient of Variation (CV): 32.4%; ----------------------------
Zero	176.5	291.5	223.5	230.5^CD
7	215.5	296.0	357.0	289.5^BC
14	136.5	164.2	258.5	186.4^D
21	316.2	331.5	337.5	328.4^B
28	349.8	498.8	478.2	442.3^A
Average	238.90^B	316.4^AB	330.9^A	-
----------------------------Alkaline phosphatase (UI/L)² 2 CV: 20.9% ----------------------------
Zero	52.7	66.5	71.0	63.4^AB
7	58.3	67.8	94.7	73.6^AB
14	43.3	50.3	84.3	59.3^B
21	65.2	76.0	91.3	77.5^A
28	56.2	60.2	77.5	64.6^AB
Average	55.2^B	64.2^AB	83.7^A	-
----------------------------P-value----------------------------
	AFB₁	Time	AFBi x Time
Creatine Kinase	0.023	0.000	0.440
Alkaline phosphatase	0.012	0.026	NS

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Universidade Federal de Goiás Universidade Federal de Goiás, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Campus II, Caixa Postal 131, CEP: 74001-970, Tel.: (55 62) 3521-1568, Fax: (55 62) 3521-1566 - Goiânia - GO - Brazil
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Abbreviations: BW, body weight; SD, standard deviation; CV, coefficient of vanation

Effect of aflatoxin B1 on digestibility and blood parameters in horses

Abstract

Effect of aflatoxin B₁ on digestibility and blood parameters in horses