MORPHOLOGICAL, PRODUCTIVE, AND CHEMICAL TRAITS OF XARAÉS GRASS: NITROGEN TOPDRESSING VERSUS INOCULATION WITH DIAZOTROPHIC BACTERIA

Dias, Márcio de Souza; Florentino, Ligiane Aparecida; Rabêlo, Flávio Henrique Silveira; Rezende, Adauton Vilela de; Souza, Flávia Romam da Costa; Borgo, Lucélia

doi:10.1590/1089-6891v20e-38586

Brasil

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ZOOTECNIA • Ciênc. anim. bras. 20 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1089-6891v20e-38586 linkcopy

MORPHOLOGICAL, PRODUCTIVE, AND CHEMICAL TRAITS OF XARAÉS GRASS: NITROGEN TOPDRESSING VERSUS INOCULATION WITH DIAZOTROPHIC BACTERIA

CARACTERÍSTICAS MORFOLÓGICAS, PRODUTIVAS E BROMATOLÓGICAS DO CAPIM-XARAÉS: ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA EM COBERTURA VERSUS INOCULAÇÃO COM BACTÉRIAS DIAZOTRÓFICAS

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

Nitrogen topdressing is essential for forage production, but the high cost of fertilizers stimulates the search for new technologies, such as the use of diazotrophic bacteria, which can fix the atmospheric nitrogen. To evaluate the potential of this technology in providing the amount of nitrogen requested by xaraés grass as topdressing, plants were fertilized at planting with an N rate of 100 kg ha^-1, inoculated with strains of diazotrophic bacteria and Azospirillum brasilense, and compared with plants that received 100 kg ha^-1 of N at planting and as topdressing during two periods of shoot growth (58 days in the first period and 26 days in the second period) in 20-dm3 pots. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance. The leaf area of xaraés grass inoculated with strain UN42 was similar to that of plants that received nitrogen topdressing. However, grass biomass production was higher when nitrogen topdressing was applied. Plant inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and strains UN16, UN17, UN21, UN33, UN49, and UN78 increased crude protein contents of xaraés grass when compared to nitrogen fertilization at planting without inoculation. However, grass inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria does not replace nitrogen topdressing completely.

Keywords: Azospirillum brasilense; biological nitrogen fixation; root system; sustainable production; Urochloa brizantha

Treatment¹ 1 Means followed by different letters in the columns differ according to the Scott-Knott test	1^st growth period						2^nd growth period						Root system
	LW	LL	LA	NT	TAR	DMY	LW	LL	LA	NT	TAR	DMY	RL	DMY
P-value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0,001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
N at planting (control)	1.20 c	19.05 i	20.79 e	15.3 b	0.27 b	5.22 b	1.41b	35.82 g	45.98 e	25.5 b	0.98 b	8.34 b	34.57 c	9.42 d
N at planting + topdressing	1.77 a	32.30 a	51.84 a	37.0 a	0.66 a	8.15 a	1.76 a	54.27 a	86.54 a	57.5 a	2.21a	25.62 a	61.82 a	20.87 a
N at planting + A. brasilense	1.18c	15.78 k	16.73 f	18.5 b	0.33 b	0.91c	1.30b	26 50 k	31.03 f	31.0b	1 19b	5.15 c	45.15 b	11.27 c
N at planting + UN. 100-02	1.46 b	23.93 e	31.53 c	18.8 b	0.33 b	6.05 b	1.60 a	40.20 e	58.22 c	31.2 b	1.20 b	8.65 b	40.95 b	10.12 c
N at planting + UN. 100-06	1.33 c	21.75 g	26.15 d	16.5 b	0.29 b	5.32 b	1.45 b	36.55 g	48.22 d	27.5 b	1.05 b	6.82 c	48.62 b	13.80b
N at planting + UN. 100-16	1.14c	11.051	11.45 g	16.5 b	0.29 b	1.90 c	1.24 b	18.551	20.94 g	27.5 b	1.05 b	4.95 c	41.35 b	8.25 d
N at planting + UN. 100-17	1.23 c	26.35 c	29.41 c	14.8b	0.26 b	2.86 c	1.35b	44.32 c	54.37 d	24.5 b	0.94 b	6.19c	48.92 b	14.57b
N at planting + UN. 100-21	1.45 b	25.00 d	32.83 c	17.3 b	0.31b	4.10 b	1.59 a	42.02 d	60.69 c	29.0 b	1.11b	10.74 b	49.70 b	13.35 b
N at planting + UN. 100-28	1.39 b	15.15 k	19.12 c	14.3 b	0.25 b	3.83 b	1.53 a	25.45 k	35.28 f	23.5 b	0.90 b	4.10c	50.32 b	9.87 c
N at planting + UN. 100-30	1.25 c	21.55 g	24.35 e	17.8 b	0.31b	5.41b	1.33 b	36.25 g	45.16 e	29.2 b	1.12b	8.26 b	50.50 b	10.80 c
N at planting + UN. 100-31	1.41 b	21.95 f	28.00 d	18.0 b	0.32 b	5.30 b	1.54 a	36.85 f	51.43 d	30.0 b	1.15 b	6.40 c	42.90 b	11.10 c
N at planting + UN, 100-33	1.43 b	16.88 j	21.91 e	16.5 b	0.29 b	3.60 b	1.57 a	28.37 j	40.41 e	27.5 b	1.05 b	6.00 c	42.70 b	8.97 d
N at planting + UN. 100-34	1.28 c	19.23 i	22.37 e	18.3 b	0.32 b	4.80 b	1.41 b	32.32 i	41.44 e	30.5 b	1.17 b	7.00 c	31.25 c	8.72 d
N at planting + UN. 100-35	1.40 b	20.98 g	26.62 d	19.3 b	0.34 b	4.78 b	1.53 a	35.27 g	49.01 d	32.0 b	1.23 b	8.20 b	51.10b	11.12c
N at planting + UN. 100-40	1.50 b	20.33 h	27.52 d	18.5 b	0.33 b	4.89 b	1.65 a	34.12 h	50.94 d	30.7 b	1.18b	8.47 b	44.40 b	13.30b
N at planting + UN. 100-42	1.43 b	30 00 b	38.86 b	17.8 b	0.31b	4.67 b	1.55 a	50.42 b	71.06 b	29.5 b	113 b	6.41c	47.10 b	14.42 b
N at planting + UN. 100-43	1.30 c	19.23 i	22.69 e	17.0 b	0.30 b	4.53 b	1.44 b	32.27 i	42.03 e	28.2 b	1.08 b	6.04 c	42.70 b	9.92 c
N at planting + UN. 100-49	1.29 c	22.93 f	26.91 d	16.3 b	0.29 b	5.07 b	1.41 b	38.55 f	49.33 d	27.2 b	1.05 b	7.01c	51.92 b	8.75 d
N at planting + UN. 100-51	1.40 b	18.93 i	24.06 e	17.3 b	0 30 b	4.90 b	1.52 a	31.80 i	44.01 e	28.7 b	1.10b	6 90 c	44 82 b	9 05 d
N at planting + UN. 100-67	1.34 c	18.58 i	22.64 e	18.0 b	0.32 b	5.91 b	1.46 b	31.20 i	41.38 e	29.7 b	1.14 b	7.34 c	43.35 b	12.25 c
N at planting + UN. 100-69	1.23 c	21.30 g	23.57 e	16.8 b	0.30 b	5.11b	1.34 b	35.80 g	43.42 e	27.7 b	1 06 b	7.56 b	34.45 c	6.80 d
N at planting + UN. 100-71	1.38 b	19.03 i	23.62 e	19.3 b	0.34 b	4.52 b	1.52 a	31.97 i	43.84 e	32.0 b	1.23 b	7.09 c	33.97 c	11.02 c
N at planting + UN. 100-78	1.34c	21.95 f	26.67 d	20.3 b	0.36 b	4.44 b	1.47b	36.85 f	49.28 d	33.7 b	1.29 b	6.63 c	45.65 b	14.20 b
N at planting + UN. 100-82	1.32 c	22.40 f	26.91 d	17.8 b	0 31b	4.54 b	1.46 b	37.65 f	49.83 d	29.5 b	113 b	6.13 c	52.65 b	11.85 c
N at planting + UN. 100-280	1.22 c	22.10 f	24.42 e	21.3 b	0.38 b	4.55 b	1.34 b	37.12 f	45.24 e	35.5 b	1.36 b	5.66 c	41.62 b	8.55 d

Treatment¹ 1 Means followed by different letters in the columns differ according to the Scott-Knott test				2^nd growth period
	DM	NDF	ADF	HEM	CP	TDN	DE	ME	DMD
P-value	<0.001	0.014	0.064	0.410	<0.001	0.064	0.430	0.432	0.431
N at planting (control)	15.69 b	65.37 b	45.10a	20.26 a	4.50 e	56.26 a	2.48 a	2.03 a	53.76 a
N at planting + topdressing	15.06 b	61.87 b	48.85 a	13.02 a	13.76 a	53.64 a	2.36 a	1.93 a	50.84 a
N at planting + A. brasilense	17.61 a	64.05 b	42.53 a	21.52 a	7.23 c	58.06 a	2.56 a	2.10 a	55.76 a
N at planting + UN. 100-02	16.52 b	66.02 b	44.64 a	21.38 a	5.59 d	56.59 a	2.49 a	2.04 a	54.12 a
N at planting + UN. 100-06	16.13 b	68.28 a	44.81 a	23.47 a	4.88 e	56.47 a	2.48 a	2.04 a	53.99 a
N at planting + UN. 100-16	15.89 b	63.82 b	44.99 a	18.83 a	9.15 b	56.34 a	2.48 a	2.03 a	53.85 a
N at planting + UN. 100-17	16.55 b	65.64 b	52.04 a	13.60 a	7.09 c	51.40 a	2.26 a	1.86 a	48.35 a
N at planting + UN. 100-21	16.72 b	65.29 b	50.23 a	15.06 a	7.32 c	52.67 a	2.32 a	1.90 a	49.76 a
N at planting + UN. 100-28	17.77 a	70.13 a	42.51 a	27.61 a	4.57 e	58.08 a	2.56 a	2.10a	55.77 a
N at planting + UN. 100-30	18.05 a	69.85 a	49.23 a	20.61 a	5.62 d	53.37 a	2.35 a	1.93 a	50.54 a
N at planting + UN. 100-31	17.06 b	65.65 b	43.55 a	22.10 a	6.26 cl	57.35 a	2.53 a	2.07 a	54.97 a
N at planting + UN. 100-33	15.97b	66.73 b	45.95 a	20.77 a	7.14 c	55.67 a	2.45 a	2.01 a	53.10 a
N at planting + UN. 100-34	17.47 a	66.73 b	48.03 a	18.70 a	5.91 cl	54.21 a	2.39 a	1.96 a	51.48 a
N at planting + UN. 100-35	16.61 b	67.95 a	44.57 a	23.37 a	5.93 d	56,64 a	2.49 a	2.04 a	54.18 a
N at planting + UN. 100-40	16.82 b	63.68 b	51.78 a	11.90 a	6.33 d	51.59 a	2.27 a	1.86 a	48.55 a
N at planting + UN. 100-42	17.42 a	65.14 b	43.23 a	21.90 a	4,99 e	57.57 a	2.53 a	2.07 a	55.22 a
N at planting + UN. 100-43	17.99 a	71.75 a	47.60 a	24.14 a	5.85 d	54.51 a	2.40 a	1.97 a	51.81 a
N at planting + UN. 100-49	16.66 b	66.21 b	48.81 a	17.40 a	7.02 c	53.66 a	2.36 a	1.94 a	50.88 a
N at planting + UN. 100-51	16.70 b	67.99 a	54.49 a	13.50 a	5.70 d	49.69 a	2.19a	1.79 a	46.45 a
N at planting + UN. 100-67	18.77 a	72.06 a	45.69 a	26.37 a	5.07 e	55.85 a	2.46 a	2.02 a	53.30 a
N at planting + UN. 100-69	19.29 a	69.21 a	47.81 a	21.40 a	5.65 d	54.37 a	2.39 a	1.96 a	51.65 a
N at planting + UN. 100-71	16.58 b	69.11 a	43.38 a	25.73 a	5.19 e	57.47 a	2.53 a	2.07 a	55.11 a
N at planting + UN. 100-78	17.52 a	63.92 b	44.87 a	19.04 a	7.39 c	56.42 a	2.49 a	2.04 a	53.94 a
N at planting + UN. 100-82	17.12 b	69.16 a	46.93 a	22.23 a	5.11 e	54.99 a	2.42 a	1.98 a	52.34 a
N at planting + UN. 100-280	17.77 a	65.90 b	44.87 a	21.02 a	5.48 d	56.42 a	2.49 a	2.04 a	53.94 a

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Universidade Federal de Goiás Universidade Federal de Goiás, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Campus II, Caixa Postal 131, CEP: 74001-970, Tel.: (55 62) 3521-1568, Fax: (55 62) 3521-1566 - Goiânia - GO - Brazil
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Means followed by different letters in the columns differ according to the Scott-Knott test