Hemodynamic aspects of cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs

cab Ciência Animal Brasileira Ciênc. anim. bras. 1809-6891 Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, GO, Brazil The cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) promotes major changes to the body of the patient that needs to be subjected to this procedure, but it can be circumvented or minimized with specific maneuvers for each situation. Despite being an established technique in human medicine, there are still improvements to be achieved. The purposes of this work were to clarify the cardiopulmonary bypass and inform its hemodynamic effects when applied to dogs. Four mongrel healthy dogs were used. The animals were anesthetized and monitored and samples were collected (T0). After that, the animals underwent median sternotomy and cannulation of the aorta and cranial and caudal vena cava and they were kept in CPB for a period of 30 minutes (T1), then disconnected from the CPB machine during 30 minutes in reperfusion process (T2), followed by one hour of reperfusion (T3), and then they were euthanized. The following parameters were evaluated: mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), oxygenation (SaO2) and capnography (ETCO2). MAP, CVP and SaO2 remained within normal limits during the times evaluated. Although the observed average of ETCO2 was low in one of the experimental animals, it maintained the values within the normal range in most experimental animals. We concluded that CPB can be performed in dogs without severe hemodynamic compromise, considering the parameters evaluated in this experiment. 1 1. Freitas RR, Stopiglia AJ, Irino ET, Larsson MHMA. Tetralogia de Fallotem cão. Cienc. Rural. 2003; 33(6):1179-84. Tetralogia de Fallotem cão: Cienc Rural 2003 1179 84 6 33 Freitas RR Stopiglia AJ Irino ET Larsson MHMA 2 2. Bureau S, Monnet E, Orton CE. Evaluation of survival rate and prognostic indicators for surgical treatment of left-to-right patent ductus arteriosus in dogs: 52 cases (1995–2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005; 11:227. Evaluation of survival rate and prognostic indicators for surgical treatment of left-to-right patent ductus arteriosus in dogs: 52 cases (1995-2003) J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005 227 11 Bureau S Monnet E Orton CE 3 3. Freitas RR, Nogueira GAKA, Irino ET, Souza SL, Stopiglia AJ, Fantoni DT et al. Diagnosis and surgical correction of atrial septal defect by the inflow occlusion technique. Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci. 2005; 42(3):193-6. Diagnosis and surgical correction of atrial septal defect by the inflow occlusion technique Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci 2005 193 6 3 42 Freitas RR Nogueira GAKA Irino ET Souza SL Stopiglia AJ Fantoni DT 4 4. Souza MHL, Elias DO. Fundamentos da Circulação Extracorpórea. 2nd ed. Rio de Janeiro: Centro Editorial Alfa Rio; 2006. Fundamentos da Circulação Extracorpórea 2006 Souza MHL Elias DO 5 5. Dias RR, Silva IA, Fiorelli AI, Stolf NAG. Proteção cerebral: sítios de canulação arterial e vias de perfusão do cérebro. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc. 2007; 22(2)235-240. Proteção cerebral: sítios de canulação arterial e vias de perfusão do cérebro Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc 2007 235 240 2 22 Dias RR Silva IA Fiorelli AI Stolf NAG 6 6. Ribeiro SN, Monteiro GAS, Atallah FA, Amaral LG, Ferreira GS, Santana CL, Oliveira CJL, Oliveira ALA. Alterações ácido-básicas decorrentes da circulação extracorpórea em cães. Rev Bras Med Vet. 2014; 35(1):84-90. Alterações ácido-básicas decorrentes da circulação extracorpórea em cães Rev Bras Med Vet 2014 84 90 1 35 Ribeiro SN Monteiro GAS Atallah FA Amaral LG Ferreira GS Santana CL Oliveira CJL Oliveira ALA 7 7. Barbosa NF, Cardinelli DM, Ercole FF. Determinantes de Complicações Neurológicas no Uso da Circulação Extracorpórea (CEC) Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010; 95(6):e151-e157. Determinantes de Complicações Neurológicas no Uso da Circulação Extracorpórea (CEC) Arq Bras Cardiol 2010 e151 e157 6 95 Barbosa NF Cardinelli DM Ercole FF 8 8. Monnet E, Orton C, Gaynor Js, Boon J, Wagner A, Linn K, et al. Open resection for subvalvular aortic stenosis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1996; 209(7):1255-61. Open resection for subvalvular aortic stenosis in dogs J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996 1255 61 7 209 Monnet E Orton C Gaynor Js Boon J Wagner A Linn K 9 9. Orton CE, Hellyer P, Hackett TB. Open surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2001; 219(8):1089-93. Open surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot in dogs J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001 1089 93 8 219 Orton CE Hellyer P Hackett TB 10 10. Martin JM, Orton CE, Boon JA, Mama KR, Gaynor JS, Brigth JM. Surgical correction of duble-chambered right ventricle in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002; 220(6):770-4. Surgical correction of duble-chambered right ventricle in dogs J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002 770 4 6 220 Martin JM Orton CE Boon JA Mama KR Gaynor JS Brigth JM 11 11. Orton CE, Hackett TB, Mama K, Boon JA. Technique and outcome of mitral valve replacement in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005; 226(9)1-4. Technique and outcome of mitral valve replacement in dogs J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005 1 4 9 226 Orton CE Hackett TB Mama K Boon JA 12 12. Tenorio SB, Cumino DO, Gomes DBG. Anestesia para o recém-nascido submetido a cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2005; 55(1):118-34. Anestesia para o recém-nascido submetido a cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea Rev Bras Anestesiol 2005 118 34 1 55 Tenorio SB Cumino DO Gomes DBG 13 13. Alves FCG, Fiorelli AI. Monitorização hemodinâmica durante a circulação extracorpórea. Rev Latin Tec Extra. 2001; 8:1. Monitorização hemodinâmica durante a circulação extracorpórea Rev Latin Tec Extra 2001 1 8 Alves FCG Fiorelli AI 14 14. Portillo E, Mackin A, Hendrix PK, Boyle C, Chrestman L. Comparison of the modified Seldinger and through-the-needle jugular catheter placement techniques in the dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2006; 16:88-95. Comparison of the modified Seldinger and through-the-needle jugular catheter placement techniques in the dog J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2006 88 95 16 Portillo E Mackin A Hendrix PK Boyle C Chrestman L 15 15. Claude AK, Riedesel D, Riedesel EA. Electrocardiography-guided and retrospective analysis of central venous catheter placement in the dog. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2010; 37: 97-105. Electrocardiography-guided and retrospective analysis of central venous catheter placement in the dog Vet Anaesth Analg 2010 97 105 37 Claude AK Riedesel D Riedesel EA 16 16. Frey B, Shann F. Oxygen administration in infants. Arch Dis Child Feat Neon. 2003; 88:84-8, 2003. Oxygen administration in infants Arch Dis Child Feat Neon 2003 84 8 88 Frey B Shann F 17 17. Nishimori CT, Nunes N, Leite AV, Paula DP, Rezende ML, Souza AP, Santos PSP. Propofol ou sevofluorano sobre variáveis hemodinâmicas em cães submetidos à administração subaracnóidea de iohexol. Cienc Rural. 2005; 35(6):1345-1350. Propofol ou sevofluorano sobre variáveis hemodinâmicas em cães submetidos à administração subaracnóidea de iohexol Cienc Rural 2005 1345 1350 6 35 Nishimori CT Nunes N Leite AV Paula DP Rezende ML Souza AP Santos PSP 18 18. Muir WW, Hubbell JAE. Manual de anestesia veterinária, 2nd ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 1997. Manual de anestesia veterinária, 1997 Muir WW Hubbell JAE 19 19. Lopes PCF, Nunes N, Sousa MG, Nishimori CTD, Carareto R, Paula DP, Santos PSP, Barbosa VF, Camacho AA. Variáveis fisiológicas e eletrocardiográficas de diferentes frações inspiradas de oxigênio em cães anestesiados com propofol. Rev Port Cienc Vet. 2008; 103(565-566):65-72. Variáveis fisiológicas e eletrocardiográficas de diferentes frações inspiradas de oxigênio em cães anestesiados com propofol Rev Port Cienc Vet 2008 65 72 565-566 103 Lopes PCF Nunes N Sousa MG Nishimori CTD Carareto R Paula DP Santos PSP Barbosa VF Camacho AA