Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the genetic group, maturity, and fatness score of cattle on losses by bruises and final pH value of the carcass of steers and cows. The number of bruises and the final pH value of the carcasses were evaluated as response variables in function of the genetic group, the physiological maturity, and the fatness score. Increases of 174.6 and 159.4% cases of bruises were found when maturity evolved from deciduous to eight teeth for males and females, respectively. The carcasses with moderate fat showed a higher number of bruises than scarce-fat carcasses only in males. Bruises increased by 37.93 and 23.52% for the zebu animals compared with taurine cattle, for males and females, respectively. As regards the pH values, there were variations between sexes, with females having, on average, higher pH, which differed between zebu and taurine cattle. Two-teethed males displayed higher pH values than four-teethed animals, while four and six-teethed females presented higher values than the others. Physiological maturity, fatness score, and genetic group influence losses by bruises in bovine carcasses, with older animals being more susceptible to bruises. Zebu animals being are also more susceptible. Females are more susceptible to final pH alterations in the carcass, mainly in the carcasses of zebu animals.
Keywords:
animal welfare; carcass classification; meat quality