Stagnitti et al. (2000)Stagnitti, K., Unsworth, C., & Rodger, S. (2000). Development of an assessment to identify play behaviours that discriminate between the play of typical preschoolers and preschoolers with pre-academic problems. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67, 291-303.
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Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy |
41 typically developing children aged 4 to 5 years old. |
To describe a new play assessment (ChIPPA) and report studies, verifying inter-rater reliability and whether it is possible to discriminate between children with pre-academic problems and typical development. |
Stagnitti & Unsworth (2004)Stagnitti, K., & Unsworth, C. (2004). The test–retest reliability of the child-initiated pretend play assessment. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 58(1), 93-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.58.1.93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.58.1.93...
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The American Journal of Occupational Therapy |
38 children aged 4 and 5 years (4 with developmental delay and 34 with typical development). |
To establish ChIPPA test-retest reliability. |
Swindells & Stagnitti (2006)Swindells, D., & Stagnitti, K. (2006). Pretend play and parents’ view of social competence: the construct validity of the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 53(4), 314-324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.2006.00592.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.20...
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Australian Occupational Therapy Journal |
35 Children aged 4 to 5 years, typically developing. |
To investigate the relationship between make-believe and social skills. To test the construct validity of the ChIPPA of inferring social competence by assessing the ability to play make-believe. |
Uren & Stagnitti (2009)Uren, N., & Stagnitti, K. (2009). Pretend play, social competence and involvement in children aged 5–7 years: the concurrent validity of the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 56(1), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.2008.00761.x. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.2008...
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Australian Occupational Therapy Journal |
41 typically developing children aged 5 to 7 years. |
To investigate the relationship between make-believe play, social skills, and involvement in school activities and to determine whether children's social skills and level of involvement could be inferred from their ChIPPA scores. To show conclusions on the concurrent validity of the ChIPPA. |
Santos et al. (2010)Santos, C. A., Pacciulio, A. M., & Pfeifer, L. I. (2010). The influence of the family context in the symbolic play of children with cerebral palsy. Revista do NUFEN, 1(2), 3-20.
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Revista do Nufen |
20 children aged 3 to 6 years with Cerebral Palsy (CP). |
To analyze the influence of the family context on the performance of the symbolic play. |
Dender & Stagnitti (2011)Dender, A., & Stagnitti, K. (2011). Development of the Indigenous Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment: selection of play materials and administration. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 58(1), 34-42. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2010.00905.x. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2...
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Australian Occupational Therapy Journal |
23 typically developing children aged 4 to 6 years. |
To report on the selection of culturally appropriate and gender-neutral play materials and management changes identified to develop the I-ChIPPA and establish its reliability. |
O’Connor & Stagnitti (2011)O’Connor, C., & Stagnitti, K. (2011). Play, behaviour, language and social skills: the comparison of a play and a non-play intervention within a specialist school setting. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(3), 1205-1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12...
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Research in Developmental Disabilities |
35 children from 5 to 8 years old, with some intellectual deficit. |
To investigate the playful, behavioral, language, and social skills of children who participated in a playful intervention (‘Learn to Play’ program) compared to a group of children who participated in traditional play in classroom activities. |
Pfeifer et al. (2011b)Pfeifer, L. I., Queiroz, M. A., Santos, J. L., & Stagnitti, K. (2011b). Cross-cultural adaptation and reliability of Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment (ChIPPA). Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 78(3), 187-195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2182/cjot.2011.78.3.7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2182/cjot.2011.78.3...
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Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy |
14 children, 9 girls, with typical development between 3 and 7 years old |
To organize the cross-cultural adaptation of ChIPPA to the Brazilian population and evaluate the use of play materials, the duration of the evaluation, and the reliability. |
Pfeifer et al. (2011a)Pfeifer, L. I., Pacciulio, A. M., Santos, C. A., Santos, J. L., & Stagnitti, K. (2011a). Pretend play of children with cerebral palsy. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 31(4), 390-402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01942638.2011.572149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01942638.2011....
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Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics |
20 children aged 3 to 6 years were diagnosed with CP, 9 were girls. |
To describe spontaneous play, types of play make-believe deficits, and the relationship between motor severity level and ability to play. To investigate inter and intra-examiner reliability. |
Casey et al. (2012)Casey, S. A., Stagnitti, K., Taket, A., & Nolan, A. (2012). Early peer play interactions of resilient children living in disadvantaged communities. International Journal of Play, 1(3), 311-323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21594937.2012.741432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21594937.2012....
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International Journal of Play |
26 typically developing children aged 4 to 6 years. |
To describe the relationship between the ability to play make-believe and interactions between peers of resilient children living in disadvantaged communities, within the cohort of the early years of the 'Supporting Resilience' project. |
Fink et al. (2012)Fink, N., Stagnitti, K., & Galvin, J. (2012). Pretend play of children with acquired brain injury: an exploratory study. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 15(5), 336-342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17518423.2012.655798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17518423.2012....
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Developmental Neurorehabilitation |
3 children aged 3 to 6 years were diagnosed with acquired brain injury. |
To describe the make-believe play of children who suffered acquired brain injury. |
Stagnitti et al. (2012)Stagnitti, K., O’Connor, C., & Sheppard, L. (2012). Impact of the Learn to Play program on play, social competence and language for children aged 5–8 years who attend a specialist school. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 59(4), 302-311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.2012.01018.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.20...
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Australian Occupational Therapy Journal |
19 children, 10 with a diagnosis of ASD aged 5 to 8 years. |
To investigate the change in the relationship between play, language, and social skills before and after participation in the “Learn to Play” program. |
Stagnitti & Lewis (2015)Stagnitti, K., & Lewis, F. M. (2015). Quality of pre-school children’s pretend play and subsequent development of semantic organization and narrative re-telling skills. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 17(2), 148-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2014.941934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2014....
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International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology |
48 children at risk for learning disabilities and 32 typically developing children, aged between 4 and 5 years. |
To investigate whether the quality of the logical sequencing of actions, make-believe play, and use of symbols predicted semantic organization and ability to retell narratives (SAOLA). |
Chan et al. (2016)Chan, P. C., Chen, C. T., Feng, H., Lee, Y. C., & Chen, K. L. (2016). Theory of mind deficit is associated with pretend play performance, but not playfulness, in children with autism spectrum disorder. Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy, 28(1), 43-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.09.002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.0...
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Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy |
20 children with ASD between 3 and 7 years old. |
To examine the relationships of the theory of mind (ToM) with make-believe play and free play. |
Adams et al. (2017)Adams, K. D., Rincón, A. M. R., Puyo, L. M. B., Cruz, J. L. C., Medina, M. F. G., Cook, A. M., & Encarnação, P. (2017). An exploratory study of children’s pretend play when using a switch-controlled assistive robot to manipulate toys. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 80(4), 216-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308022616680363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03080226166803...
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British Journal of Occupational Therapy |
30 typically developing children between 3 and 8 years old |
To evaluate three types of play: No Play, Functional Play and Pretend Play, using ChIPPA objects, with and without a switch-controlled Lego Mindstorms robot. |
Golchin et al. (2017)Golchin, M. D., Mirzakhani, N., Stagnitti, K., Golchin, M. D., & Rezaei, M. (2017). Psychometric properties of Persian version of “child-initiated pretend play assessment” for Iranian children. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 27(1), 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ijp.7053. http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ijp.7053...
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Iranian Journal of Pediatrics |
31 children aged 4 to 6 years with typical development. |
To examine the face and content validity, inter-examiner, intra-examiner, and test-retest reliability of the ChIPPA Persian translation. |
Lin et al. (2017)Lin, S. K., Tsai, C. H., Li, H. J., Huang, C. Y., & Chen, K. L. (2017). Theory of mind predominantly associated with the quality, not quantity, of pretend play in children with autism spectrum disorder. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 1187-1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-0973-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-097...
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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry |
92 children with ASD between 4 and 10 years old. |
To clarify the relationships between ToM and make-believe play, using refined assessments and monitoring autistic behaviors and verbal comprehension. |
Stagnitti & Pfeifer (2017)Stagnitti, K., & Pfeifer, L. I. (2017). Methodological considerations for a directive play therapy approach for children with autism and related disorders. International Journal of Play Therapy, 26(3), 160-171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pla0000049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pla0000049...
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International Journal of Play Therapy |
3 children aged 4 to 6 years with ASD and related disorders |
To highlight methodological issues in research design when gathering evidence for the effectiveness of Learn to Play Therapy. |
Roberts et al. (2018)Roberts, T., Stagnitti, K., Brown, T., & Bhopti, A. (2018). Relationship between sensory processing and pretend play in typically developing children. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 72(1), 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2018.027623. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2018.0276...
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The American Journal of Occupational Therapy |
42 typically developing children between 5 and 7 years old. |
To investigate the relationship between sensory processing and make-believe play. |
Santos et al. (2018)Santos, D. M., Lucisano, R. V., & Pfeifer, L. I. (2018). An investigation of the quality of pretend play ability in children with cerebral palsy. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 66(2), 210-218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1440-1630.12539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1440-1630.1253...
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Australian Occupational Therapy Journal |
20 children with CP between 4 and 7 years old |
To describe the quality of role-playing and self-initiate play skills by analyzing the clinical observations of ChIPPA in 5 categories (time, examiner interaction, imitation, theme, and story). |
Anu et al. (2019)Anu, N. R., Sugi, S., & Rajendran, K. (2019). Pretend play as a therapeutic modality to enhance social competence in children with autism spectrum disorder: a quasi-experimental study. The Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 51(3), 96-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_11_19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_11...
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The Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy |
42 children with ASD, between 3 and 7 years old. |
To explore make-believe play behaviors, and improve social skills. |
Chen et al. (2019)Chen, K. L., Chen, C. T., Lin, C. H., Huang, C. Y., & Lee, Y. C. (2019). Prediction of Playfulness by pretend play, severity of autism behaviors, and verbal comprehension in children with autism spectrum disorder. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2019(15), 3177-3186. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S223681. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S223681...
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Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment |
72 children with ASD between 3 and 12 years old. |
To assess the relationship between make-believe and free play, while controlling for the severity of autistic behaviors, verbal comprehension, and age. |
Dooley et al. (2019)Dooley, B., Stagnitti, K., & Galvin, J. (2019). An investigation of the pretend play abilities of children with an acquired brain injury. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 82(9), 588-596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308022619836941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03080226198369...
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British Journal of Occupational Therapy |
26 children with acquired brain injury between 3 and 7 years old. |
To describe self-initiated make-believe play skills and compare them with ChIPPA cutoffs. |
Lucisano et al. (2021)Lucisano, R. V., Pfeifer, L. I., Santos, J. L. F., & Stagnitti, K. (2021). Construct validity of the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment: For 3-year-old Brazilian children. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 63(1), 43-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1440-1630.12697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1440-1630.1269...
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Australian Occupational Therapy Journal |
200 children with 3 years of typical development |
To provide evidence of reliability, internal consistency, and hypothesis testing of the construct validity of the cross-culturally adapted version of the ChIPPA. |
Sarah et al. (2021)Sarah, B., Parson, J., Renshaw, K., & Stagnitti, K. (2021). Can children’s play themes be assessed to inform play therapy practice? Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26(1), 257-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104520964510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13591045209645...
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Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry |
30 typically developing children between 5 and 7 years old |
To investigate whether play themes can be identified using the ChIPPA. |