Analysis of accessibility and perception of people with disabilities in vessels

Corrêa, Iasmim Teles; Omura, Kátia Maki; Paixão, Glenda Miranda da

doi:10.1590/2526-8910.ctoAO259033832

Iasmim Teles Corrêa

study design

organization of sources and/or analyses

writing and revision of the text

ᵃUniversidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-9169

Kátia Maki Omura

revision

ᵃUniversidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5113-5317

Glenda Miranda da Paixão

study design

writing and revision of the text

ᵃUniversidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9479-2659

Author’s Contributions

Iasmim Teles Corrêa was responsible for study design, organization of sources and/or analyses, writing and revision of the text. Kátia Maki Omura was responsible for revision. Glenda Miranda da Paixão was responsible for study design, writing and revision of the text. All authors approved the final version of the text.

Iasmim Teles Corrêa e-mail: iasmimteles@gmail.com

Section editor

Prof. Dr. Iza Faria-Fortini

Figures (2)
Tables (11)

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Figure 1
Embarkation/disembarkation equipment and passenger deck.

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Figure 2
Percentage of the number of checklist items that were in compliance with ABNT NBR 15450:2006 (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, 2006Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas - ABNT. (2006). ABNT NBR 15450:2006. Acessibilidade de passageiros no sistema de transporte aquaviário. Rio de Janeiro: ABNT.).

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Nome da embarcação:

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ÁREAS DE CIRCULAÇÃO SIM EM PARTE NÃO 1 A largura das áreas destinadas à circulação de passageiros é entre 1,20 e 1,80 m? 2 Na área de circulação, é necessário transpor algum tipo de obstáculo? 3 Caso seja necessário transpor algum objeto, a largura entre eles é de no mínimo 0,90 m ? SANITÁRIOS SIM NÃO N/A * 1 Há sinalização de sanitário acessível? A largura da porta é de no mínimo 0,90 m? 2 Há sanitários acessíveis isolados? 3 Há dispositivo de sinalização de emergência? 4 Há barras de apoio no sanitário? 5 O piso possui superfície regular, firme, estável e antiderrapante? 6 O espaço entre o vaso sanitário e a parede/porta é de no mínimo 1,20 m? 7 Há barras de apoio atrás e na lateral do vaso sanitário? 8 O comprimento das barras é de no mínimo 0,80 m? 9 A altura das barras a partir do piso é de no mínimo 0,75 m? 10 A altura dos vasos sanitários é entre 0,43 e 0,45 m? 11 A altura do acionamento da descarga é de 1 m? 12 A altura dos lavatórios é entre 0,78 e 0,80 m a partir do piso? 13 As torneiras do lavatório são acionadas por alavanca, sensor eletrônico ou algum dispositivo equivalente? 14 Há barras de apoio junto ao lavatório? 15 A altura dessas barras de apoio é a mesma do lavatório? *

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Embarcações que possuem viagem de longa duração (com pernoite a bordo).

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Das embarcações de viagem de curta duração e que utilizam assentos

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Table 1
Characterization of study participants.

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Table 2
Some of the participants’ reports about the motive for going to Belém.

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Table 3
Some of the participants’ reports on accessibility of areas of the vessel.

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Name of the vessel:

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CIRCULATION AREAS YES PARTIALLY NO 1 Is the width of areas intended for passenger circulation between 1.20 and 1.80m? 2 In the circulation area, is it necessary to overcome any type of obstacle? 3 If it is necessary to transpose an object, is the width between them at least 0.90m? TOILETS YES NO N/E* 1 Is there accessible toilet signage? Is the width of the door at least 0.90m? 2 Are there isolated accessible toilets? 3 Is there an emergency signaling device? 4 Are there grab bars in the toilet? 5 Does the floor have a regular, firm, stable, and non-slip surface? 6 The space between the toilet and the wall/door is at least 1.20m? 7 Are there grab bars behind and on the side of the toilet? 8 Is the lenght of the bars at least 0.80m? 9 Is the height of the bars from the floor at least 0.75m? 10 Is the height of the toilets between 0.43 and 0.45m? 11 Is the discharge drive height 1m? 12 Is the height of the washbasins between 0.78 and 0.80 from the floor? 13 Are the faucets in the washbasins operated by a lever, electronic sensor or equivalent device? 14 Are there grab bars next to the sink? 15 Is the height of these grab bars the same as the washbasin? *

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Vessels that have a long journey (with overnight stay on board)

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Of short-haul voyage vessels using seats

Participant	Gender	Age	Scholarity	Disability description	Municipality	Vessel used
Subject 1	Male	59 years	Illiterate	Acquired physical and visual disability, with lower limb amputated, wheelchair user.	Muaná	Ship
Subject 2	Female	84 years	Literate	Acquired physical disability, reduced lower limbs mobility, walker user.	Ponta de Pedras	Speedboat
Subject 3	Male	38 years	Complete elementary school	Acquired physical disability, spinal cord injury, lower limbs paralysis, wheelchair user	Santa Cruz do Arari	Speedboat
Subject 4	Male	66 years	Illiterate	Acquired physical disability, amputated foot	Santa Cruz do Arari	Speedboat
Subject 5	Female	21 years	Complete high school	Acquired physical disability, tetraplegia, wheelchair user	Cachoeira do Arari	Speedboat
Subject 6	Female	48 years	Complete high school	Physical disability, congenital, lower limbs paralysis, wheelchair user	Cachoeira do Arari	Speedboat
Subject 7	Male	71 years	Literate	Acquired physical disability, lower limbs paralysis, wheelchair user	Salvaterra	Ship
Subject 8	Male	83 years	Literate	Acquired physical disability, lower limbs paralysis, wheelchair user	Soure	Speedboat
Subject 9	Female	52 years	Complete high school	Acquired physical disability, reduced lower limbs mobility, wheelchair user	Soure	Speedboat
Subject 10	Male	45 years	Illiterate	Acquired physical disability, lower limbs paralysis, wheelchair user	Soure	Ship
Subject 11	Female	56 years	Complete higher education	Acquired physical disability, reduced lower limbs mobility, wheelchair user	Portel	Ship
Subject 12	Male	50 years	Complete high school	Acquired physical disability, lower limbs paralysis, wheelchair user	Portel	Ship
Subject 13	Female	30 years	Complete elementary school	Physical disability, congenital, reduced upper limbs mobility, lower limbs paralysis	Breves	Ship
Subject 14	Male	33 years	Complete elementary school	Physical disability, congenital, reduced upper limbs mobility, lower limbs paralysis, wheelchair user	Breves	Ship
Subject 15 Marlene	Female	54 years	Incomplete elementary school	Acquired physical disability, reduced lower limbs mobility, crutches user	Gurupá	Ship
Subject 16	Male	64 years	Complete high school	Acquired physical disability, lower limbs paralysis, wheelchair user	São Sebastião da Boa Vista	Ship
Subject 17	Male	23 years	Incomplete elementary school	Acquired physical disability, reduced lower limbs mobility, crutches user	Bagre	Ship
Subject 18	Male	27 years	Complete elementary school	Acquired physical disability, paraplegia, wheelchair user	Curralinho	Ferry
Subject 19	Male	43 years	Incomplete elementary school	Acquired physical disability, lower limbs paralysis, wheelchair user	Curralinho	Ship
Subject 20	Female	32 years	Incomplete elementary school	Acquired physical disability, lower limbs paralysis, wheelchair user	Curralinho	Ship
Subject 21	Male	25 years	Complete elementary school	Acquired physical disability, lower limbs paralysis, wheelchair user	Curralinho	Ferry and Ship
Subject 22	Male	20 years	Complete high school	Congenital visual impairment.	Melgaço	Ship

Guiding question: When traveling, was the “ramp” that gave access to the vessel accessible, that is, anyone could get in and out without difficulties?
Yes, it's because if I go in it [wheelchair], I believe so because it works... it's all full of those little lumps, right? It doesn’t go only one way [...] (Subject 1).
No, I had [difficulty]... I would go there to the port and from there I would walk holding on. From one side the other. (Subject 2).
No. They are ramps, but they are not accessible ramps, they are not accessible at all. Sometimes it's a wide plank they put for us to cross over there. (Subject 12).
No, but when, there is no accessibility. [...] there is no accessibility for a wheelchair user to enter without someone carrying it, even on the vessel itself, you know, there are usually two “passadisse”, right, first and second, then when we go on the second one, we have to carry it because there's no accessibility, it's just a normal staircase, only for physically fit people, for wheelchair users there isn't. (Subject 16).
It's difficult [...] Because there isn't one, then it's difficult to get off the boat, see? (Subject 6).
No [...] I need to be carried to be able to put me on the chairs. I have to stand up, I have to go over the bridge, so I have to go down the stairs, I need to be carried [...] (Subject 5).
Guiding question: In areas where people circulate (e.g. corridors), could anyone walk without difficulty?
[...] where I sat, I stayed. But if you needed it, it wasn't difficult. [...] Well, depending on the situation, there would be [difficulty]. (Subject 2).
No [...] Even because the chair only comes in at the beginning, there are two armchairs in the front. Behind it, there is no way to enter. (Subject 3).
Look, the boat has a part that allows me to use my chair to go to the bathroom [...] then the boat has something for me to go to the bathroom, I have to go back [...] Sometimes I stay in the back and sometimes they tell me boot, in front according to the passages. (Subject 8).
Only people who are normal, wheelchair users cannot, there is no space. (Subject 20).
Guiding question: Were the toilets on the vessel easily accessible and would anyone be able to use them without difficulty?
Everyone would be able to. (Subject 17).
No. [...] it wasn't difficult... the other express they had was wider, the chair even reached the bathroom, access was good. But not these others [...] this one, none of these the chair can get close. (Subject 3).
I never used it because of having to get on the boat and sit there until I got to Belém [...] (Subject 5).
[...] Very little, because there are no conditions, you know? [...] No, it's not, for me a wheelchair user. For you to have an idea, a chair like that doesn't even go into the bathroom. [...] it is complicated! I think, I just said to you and I repeat, we are not respected as wheelchair users, right? (Subject 7). No, the toilets are not accessible, they think it is [accessible], the owner of the vessel thinks it is, but it is not. The ramps are always horrible, sometimes they put it like... it's like a... a speed bump that they put on the door of the toilets that are hard to get in, hard to get out of and inside there's no... there's nothing for you to hold on to, there's no wheelchair for you to take a shower, there's nothing. (Subject 12).
I don't use the bathrooms, because they are not accessible. (Subject 18).
Guiding question: Was the vessel's cabin easily accessible and could anyone use it?
No, no... We can't get in the door if we don't have help, it's so high, there's no accessibility in the cabins or in the suites. (Subject 12).
Neither. The bathroom inside was also small, the door was this small and the walker... I'm glad my walker is the one that closes so I can move it [...] (Subject 11).
Yeah! [...] On the second trip, it was more difficult on the second because I stayed on the second floor, right, in the second-floor cabin of the vessel. [...] Suspending myself for “those” machines like that, right? Did you understand? [...] then, to be able to enter, you have to carry the chair because there is always that space in front of the cabin, then you cannot get in, but to move around, yes, if a chair could enter, understand? (Subject 14).
Look... anyone can use this cabin, because it's at the bottom, right, on the ferry. Then... it's at the bottom of the ferry, it's easier to get off, to board, to disembark, because if... at the bottom it has one more “priority” for the wheelchair users to be walking, there's no way up there, that one goes up to the top of the cabin, there's no way to get out of the inside, right [...] Look... the way I am, it's a little difficult inside the cabin because it stays... there are two beds, right, one on the bottom and one and up, then it gets bad for me, it's “moving” to, to... to bed, I have to have help from... when it's my wife's turn, my sister's turn to pull me up. (Subject 12).
Guiding question: Could the seats on the boats be used by anyone without difficulty?
No, because they have, now they have a wheelchair for the disabled, right? Regret that they don't respect the law, you know? They do not respect the law [...] (Subject 4).
I think that for everyone these seats are no good. Yeah, but we have to go, sis [...] there's a separation for wheelchair users now [...] (Subject 7).
Yeah, they're not... it's difficult because for people who are wheelchair users [...] it's difficult [...] it's not appropriate, you know, even people who aren't wheelchair users complain that it's not comfortable. (Subject 6).
Very uncomfortable. If [the person] has a problem in the spine, they don’t use it, I already have a problem in the bones, I get all sore [...] (Subject 5).

[1] Author’s Contributions

Iasmim Teles Corrêa was responsible for study design, organization of sources and/or analyses, writing and revision of the text. Kátia Maki Omura was responsible for revision. Glenda Miranda da Paixão was responsible for study design, writing and revision of the text. All authors approved the final version of the text.

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Analysis of accessibility and perception of people with disabilities in vessels

Abstract

Introduction

Objective

Method

Results

Conclusion