Functional training integrated into ADL |
Nakamura-Thomas et al. (2019), Blain et al. (2019)
|
Intervene through functional exercise training to prevent falls, reduce fear if falling and maintain performance in ADL |
Müller et al. (2021a, 2021b), Granbom et al. (2019)
|
Incorporate functional balance and strength exercises of the upper and lower limbs into the ALD and lifestyle of elderly people at risk of falls, with the aim of improving mobility skills and participation in ADL. |
Organization of the internal and external environment |
Mackenzie (2017), Cockayne et al. (2018), Paiva et al. (2017), Nakamura-Thomas et al. (2019), Hasegawa & Kamimura (2018), Hamm et al. (2019c), Müller et al. (2021a)
|
Reduce clutter in the house by removing scattered objects (toys, shoes, objects, wires scattered across the floor), and fix or remove rugs from the rooms, using suction cups, rubberized and non-slip rugs. |
Mackenzie (2017), Maggi et al. (2018)
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Facilitate access to and use of equipment such as telephones and light switches. |
Mackenzie (2017)
|
Make using the bathroom easier, avoiding risks (facilitate towel accessibility, water temperature, practice getting in and out of the shower/bathtub). |
Mackenzie (2017)
|
Keep enough space Around the bed for mobility and light switches within easy reach of the bed. |
Modifications to home security in indoor and outdoor environments. |
Stark et al. (2021), Müller et al. (2021a), Granbom et al. (2019), Hamm et al. (2019b), Nakamura-Thomas et al. (2019), Paiva et al. (2017)
|
Propose the installation of assistive devices, such as: support bars/handrails and non-slip coating. |
Cockayne et al. (2018), Maggi et al. (2018), Paiva et al. (2017), Hamm et al. (2019c), Mackenzie (2017)
|
Remove environmental hazards such as slippery and uneven floors. |
Mackenzie (2017), Maggi et al. (2018)
|
Modify the location, height of furniture, and width of the stairs. |
Mackenzie (2017)
|
Advise on adjustments to slopes and uneven floors. |
Paiva et al. (2017), Granbom et al. (2019), Mackenzie (2017), Maggi et al. (2018), Nakamura-Thomas et al. (2019), Hamm et al. (2019c), Stark et al. (2021)
|
Enable maintenance of adequate lighting in all home environments, including night lights, fluorescent strips, night light intensity and number of lights. |
Stark et al. (2018), Lo Bianco et al. (2020)
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Modify the home environment to decrease ADL limitations, provide environmental support for functional impairments, and maximize control over the environment. |
Rest and sleep care |
Maggi et al. (2018)
|
Intervene in sleep problems when necessary. |
ADL training |
Stark et al. (2018)
|
Train ADL with the use of environmental modifications and assistive equipment, encouraging problem solving to complete activities safely. |
Paiva et al. (2017)
|
Practice ADL to reduce fear of falling. |
Guidelines on environmental safety. |
Mackenzie (2017)
|
Provide guidance on animal behavior and risk situations for falls. |
Cockayne et al. (2018), Maggi et al. (2018)
|
Provide guidance on the risks of falls present in environment and propose solutions. |
Personal safety guidelines |
Nakamura-Thomas et al. (2019), Paiva et al. (2017), Stark et al. (2021)
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Provide guidance on risk behaviors when carrying out occupations in different areas of the home. |
Nakamura-Thomas et al. (2019), Hasegawa & Kamimura (2018)
|
Advise on the use of appropriate footwear. |
Cockayne et al. (2018), Maggi et al. (2018)
|
Provide guidance on risky behaviors. |
Health education actions |
Cockayne et al. (2018)
|
Offer care leaflets to prevent falls |
Stark et al. (2017a), Paiva et al. (2017)
|
Address the risk factors for falls present in the home environment and self-management strategies and adaptation of heavier to prevent the occurrence of falls. |
Family/caregiver participation |
Cockayne et al. (2018), Blain et al. (2019), Maggi et al. (2018)
|
Involve Family participation in the data collection process, modifications to the home environment and care for the caregiver’s health. |
Client participation |
Cockayne et al. (2018)
|
Involve the cliente in identifying solutions and developing a list of home modification recommendations. |
Maggi et al. (2018)
|
Identify the customer’s emotional state and desires. |
Nakamura-Thomas et al. (2019), Müller et al. (2021a), Lo Bianco et al. (2020)
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Center the intervention on the client, their desires, needs and occupational performance to maintain motivation, engagement and shared decision-making in the service. |
Hamm et al. (2019c)
|
Identify intrinsic risk factors for providing assistive equipment. |
Assistive equipment |
Hamm et al. (2017, 2019c) |
Identify and reduce barriers that affect the performance of ADL and the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for falls, through the provision of assistive equipment to maintain independence in performing ADL and aging in place. |
Nakamura-Thomas et al. (2019), Cockayne et al. (2018), Maggi et al. (2018), Hamm et al. (2019a, 2019c) |
Recommend the use of assistive devices such as bath boards, walkers, installation of handrails and grab bars in domestic environments, toilet lifts and chairs. |
Hamm et al. (2019c)
|
Provide guidance on correct use or prescribe assistive equipment |
Stark et al. (2017a, 2018, 2021), Maggi et al. (2018), Lo Bianco et al. (2020)
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Provide guidance on prescribed modifications to the home environment, how to use the environment safely and efficiently, and training in the use of assistive equipment installed to maintain safety in the environment. |
Environmental control systems |
Mackenzie (2017)
|
Indicate the installation of smoke detectors, fall alarms, and the installation of sensor-activated lighting. |
Arthanat et al. (2019)
|
Suggest the installation of smart home technology to maintain safety, facilitate health management and occupational independence. |
Nakamura-Thomas et al. (2019)
|
Prescribe lighting sensor systems. |
Smart Technologies for assessment in professional practice |
Hamm et al. (2019a, 2019b)
|
Guidetomeasure-OT: Facilitate the evaluation and collection of measurements, to provide efficient and effective assistive equipment through the mobile application. |
Hamm et al. (2017, 2019c)
|
3D-MAP: Facilitate the evaluation and collection of measurements of the environment and the person to provide assistive equipment, through a mobile application for visualization, interaction and control of the environment. |
Programs |
Stark et al. (2017a, 2021) |
Home Hazard Removal Program (HARP): remove home hazards through comprehensive assessment of the individual, behaviors and environment develop a home hazard removal and remediation plan (through home repairs, adaptive equipment, task modification, and education). The program includes shared decision-making, self-management, and motivational improvement strategies. |
Müller et al. (2021a, 2021b) |
Fall prevention program Fit-at-Home: improve strength, balance and safety at home, preventing falls through the progressive physical exercise training program integrated into activities and with home modification intervention. |
Granbom et al. (2019)
|
Falls prevention program – LIVE-LiFE: prevent falls through a multicomponent program based on lifestyle and home changes, including goal clarification, balance and strength training integrated into daily habits, home safety assessment, removal of domestic dangers, vision examination, and medication review. |