Health perception, health conditions, and smoking cessation in Brazil

Muzi, Camila Drumond; Figueiredo, Valeska Carvalho; Luiz, Ronir Raggio

doi:10.1590/1414-462X202199010432

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Brasil

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Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Cad. saúde colet. 29 (spe) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-462X202199010432 copy

Health perception, health conditions, and smoking cessation in Brazil

Percepção e condições de saúde e cessação de tabagismo no Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Background

Smoking cessation is strongly associated with motivational factors. It is possible that individuals who have successfully stopped smoking have different conditions and judgments about their own health.

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between tobacco-related diseases, health perception, and successful smoking cessation in Brazil.

Method

Cross-sectional observational study using data from the 2013 National Health Survey (PNS - 2013). Sociodemographic and health-related variables were considered in this study. Logistic regression modeling was carried out considering smoking cessation as outcome.

Results

Successful smoking cessation attempt was associated with age (OR=2.9, p=0.004), marital status (OR=1.69, p<0.001), level of education (OR=1.34, p<0.001), socioeconomic status (OR=1.58, p<0.001), census status (OR=1.07; p<0.001), access to pro-tobacco advertising (OR=1.74, p<0.001), anti-tobacco campaigns (OR=3.30; p<0.001) and, in particular, living with other smokers (OR=9.65; p<0.001).

Conclusion

Knowledge about sociodemographic and census status variables is relevant to the assessment of future specific health promotion policies.

Keywords:
smoking; smoking cessation; surveys; epidemiology; noncommunicable diseases; urban health

Group	Variables	Categories	n	%
Demographic	Age group	<24 years	876	6.1
		25-39 years	3515	24.7
		40-59 years	5896	41.4
		≥60 years and Above	3952	27.8
	Sex	Male	7496	52.6
	Sex	Female	6743	47.4
	Marital status	Married	5660	39.7
		Separated/widowed	2791	19.6
		Single	5788	40.7
	Education	1	8036	56.4
		2	1855	13.0
		3	3090	21.7
		4	1258	8.9
	Race	White	5463	38.4
	Race	Non-White	8776	61.6
	Socioeconomic status	A/B	3143	22.1
		C	5828	40.9
		D/E	5268	37.0
	Census status	Urban	11281	79.2
	Census status	Rural	2958	20.8
Tobacco-dependent conditions	CVA	Yes	384	2.7
	CVA	No	13855	97.3
	COPD	Yes	423	3.0
	COPD	No	13816	97.0
	Lung cancer	Yes	13	0.1
	Lung cancer	No	14226	99.9
	AMI	Yes	284	2.0
	AMI	No	13955	98.0
	Living with other smokers	No	10361	72.8
		Occasionally	819	5.8
		Daily	3059	21.5
Access to information	Pro-tobacco	Yes	4439	31.2
	Pro-tobacco	No	9800	68.8
	Anti-tobacco	Yes	10979	77.1
	Anti-tobacco	No	3260	22.9
Health self-assessment		Very good/Good	7713	54.2
		Good	5068	35.6
		Regular/Poor	1458	10.2
Total			14239	100.00

Group	Variables	Categories	Smoking cessation
			No		Yes		p- value
			n	%	n	%
Demographic	Age group	<24 years	387	9.7	489	4.8	<0.001
		25-39 years	1306	32.8	2209	21.5
		40-59 years	1721	43.2	4175	40.7
		≥60 years	567	14.3	3385	33.0
	Sex	Male	2096	52.7	5400	52.6	0.999
	Sex	Female	1885	47.3	4858	47.4	0.999
	Marital Status	Married	1144	28.7	4516	44.0	<0.001
		Separated/widowed	674	16.9	2117	20.6
		Single	2163	54.4	3625	35.4
	Education	1	2295	57.6	5741	56.0	<0.001
		2	592	14.9	1263	12.3
		3	856	21.5	2234	21.7
		4	238	6.0	1020	10.0
	Socioeconomic status	A/B	646	16.2	2497	24.3	<0.001
		C	1634	41.0	4194	40.9
		D/E	1701	42.8	3567	34.8
	Race	White	1373	34.5	4090	39.9	<0.001
	Race	Non-White	2608	65.5	6168	60.1	<0.001
	Census status	Urban	3070	77.1	8211	80.0	<0.001
	Census status	Rural	911	22.9	2047	20.0	<0.001
Tobacco-dependent conditions	CVA	Yes	78	2.0	306	3.0	<0.001
	CVA	No	3903	98.0	9952	97.0	<0.001
	COPD	Yes	133	3.3	290	2.8	0.109
	COPD	No	3848	96.7	9968	97.2	0.109
	Lung cancer	Yes	1	0.1	12	0.2	0.129
	Lung cancer	No	3980	99.7	10246	99.8	0.129
	AMI	Yes	50	1.3	234	2.3	<0.001
	AMI	No	3931	98.7	10024	97.7	<0.001
	Living with other smokers	No	1583	39.8	878	85.6	<0.001
		Occasionally	319	8.0	500	4.9
		Daily	2079	52.2	980	9.6
Access to information	Pro-tobacco	Yes	1857	46.6	2582	25.2	<0.001
	Pro-tobacco	No	2124	53.4	7676	74.8
	Anti-tobacco	Yes	3700	92.9	7279	71.0	<0.001
	Anti-tobacco	No	281	7.1	2979	29.0
Health self-assessment		Very Good/Good	2194	55.1	5519	53.8	0.370
		Regular	1389	34.9	3579	35.9
		Poor/Very Poor	398	10.0	1060	10.3
Total			3981	27.95	10258	82.05

Group	Variables	Categories	OR_c (95% CI)	p-value	OR_a (95% CI)	p-value
Demographic	Age Group	<24 years	1	<0.001	1	0.005
		25-39 years	1.34 (1.15 – 1.56)		1.02 (0,85)
		40-59 years	1.92 (1.66 – 2.22)		1.30 (1.08 – 1.56)
		≥60 years	4.72 (4.02 – 5.54)		2.75 (2.24 – 3.38)
	Marital Status	Married	2.35 (2.17 – 2.56)	<0.001	1.60 (1.43 – 1.77)	0.112
		Separated/widowed	1.87 (1.69 – 2.07)		1.04 (0.91 – 1.19)
		Single	1		1
	Education	1	1	<0.001	1	0.426
		2	0.86 (0.76 – 0.95)		0.98 (0.85 – 1.12)
		3	1.04 (0.95 – 1.14)		1.05 (0.92 – 1.20)
		4	1.71 (1.48 – 1.99)		1.19 (0.96 – 1.47)
	Race	White	1.26 (1.17 – 1.36)	<0.001	1.01 (0.91 – 1.10)	0.659
	Race	Non-White	1	<0.001	1	0.659
	Socioeconomic status	A/B	1.84 (1.66 – 2.04)	<0.001	1.49 (1.26 – 1.77)	<0.001
		C	1.22 (1.13 – 1.33)		1.22 (1.10 – 1.36)
		D/E	1		1
	Census status	Urban	1.19 (1.09 – 1.30)	<0.001	1.07 (1.01 – 1.18)	0.024
	Census status	Rural	1	<0.001	1	0.024
Tobacco-dependent conditions	CVA	Yes	1.54 (1.20 – 1.98)	<0.001	1.09 (0.80 – 1.47)	0.593
	CVA	No	1	<0.001	1	0.593
	AMI	Yes	1.83 (1.35 – 2.50)	<0.001	1.40 (0.98 – 2.01)	0.066
	AMI	No	1	<0.001	1	0.066
	Living with other smokers	No	11.76 (10.87 – 12.91)	<0.001	9.65 (8.74 – 10.65)	<0.001
		Occasionally	3.32 (2.83 – 3.90)		3.09 (2.61 – 3.66)
		Daily	1		1
Access to information	Pro-tobacco	Yes	2.60 (2.41 – 2.81)	<0.001	1.74 (1.58 – 3.82)	<0.001
	Pro-tobacco	No	1		1
	Anti-tobacco	Yes	5.93 (4.74 – 6.13)	<0.001	3.30 (2.86 – 3.82)	<0.001
	Anti-tobacco	No	1		1

Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Avenida Horácio Macedo, S/N, CEP: 21941-598, Tel.: (55 21) 3938 9494 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: cadernos@iesc.ufrj.br

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[1] Correspondence: Camila Drumond Muzi. E-mail: camilamuzi@gmail.com