Analysis of the multidimensional characteristics of <i>Tabernaemontana heterophylla</i> seeds

Pinheiro, Romário de Mesquita; Ferreira, Evandro José Linhares; Marques, Ricardo de Araújo; Carvalho, Henrique Pereira de; Barros, Quétila Souza; Silva, Francisco de Assis Ferreira da

doi:10.1590/1413-7054202448007324

ABSTRACT

The analysis of Tabernaemontana heterophylla seeds entails morphological characterization and the study of genetic variability between batches. This knowledge is fundamental for evolutionary biology and agronomic and conservation practices. Crop productivity, species preservation, reforestation, and post-harvest processing can all benefit from understanding and considering seed size. This work aimed to determine the multidimensional characteristics and mass of the seeds using multivariate cluster analysis. We investigated multidimensional characteristics by measuring the dimensions and mass of the seeds and computing their physical attributes. Several statistical measures were used to assess the morphometric data, including the mean, amplitude, coefficient of variation, relative frequency, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and confidence interval. In addition, grouping patterns and inter-variable dependencies were examined by multivariate cluster analysis using Ward’s method. The results revealed significant variability in seed dimensions, indicating morphological unevenness in the seeds of this species. Euclidean distance analysis identified the formation of subclusters, implying distinct groupings based on seed size and mass. The finding highlights the significance of segregating lots with similar physical characteristics and defining representative properties for management practices. These variations reflect the genetic diversity required for adaptability and ecological resilience, ensuring forest ecosystems’ survival and proper functioning. Alternatively, classifying and standardizing seed lots based on these physical traits can optimize post-harvest processing and increase agronomic productivity.

Index Terms:
Morphology; physical properties; genetic variability.

[1] Editor de seção:

Renato Paiva

Variables	Sample size	Average	SD	CV (%)
Humidity degree (%)	4	27.58	0.45	1.43
Mass of thousand seeds (g)	8	117.63	0.40	3.89

Properties	Range	Mean ± SD	CV (%)	± 95% CI	Valor p
L (mm)	7.80 - 14.40	11.03 ± 1.36	12.35	10.76 - 11.29	ns
W (mm)	2.70 - 6.50	4.62 ± 0.75	16.18	4.46 - 4.76	ns
T (mm)	2.90 - 5.40	4.15 ± 0.50	12.13	4.04 - 4.24	ns
M (g)	0.08 - 0.27	0.12 ± 0.03	24.16	0.12 - 0.13	*
SVI	105.37 - 427.57	212.05 ± 59.86	28.72	200.72 - 224.30	*
GMD (mm)	4.72 - 7.53	5.92 ± 0.52	8.85	5.81 - 6.02	**
EMD (mm)	2.52 - 3.41	2.88 ± 0.16	5.55	2.48 - 2.91	*
AMD (mm)	5.33 - 8.47	6.50 ± 0.55	8.38	6.48 - 6.76	*
SA (mm²)	70.09 - 178.30	110.99 ± 20.18	18.18	107.01 - 114.96	*
V (mm³)	55.17 - 223.88	111,27 ± 31.34	28.17	105.09 - 117.44	*
Ø (%)	38.27 - 74.91	54.30 ± 6.75	12.44	52.96 - 55.62	ns
Ar	21.09 - 77.22	42.60 ± 9.41	22.09	40.74 - 44.45	*

(r)	L	W	T	M	SVI	GMD	EMD	AMD	SA	V	Ø	Ar
L (mm)	1	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
W (mm)	-0.08^ns	1	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
T (mm)	-0.06^ns	0.44*	1	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
M (g)	0.52*	0.70*	0.50*	1	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
SVI	0.42*	0.75*	0.69*	0.93*	1	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
GMD (mm)	0.39*	0.77*	0.71*	0.91*	0.99*	1	---	---	---	---	---	---
EMD (mm)	0.67*	0.59*	0.53*	0.92*	0.94*	0.93*	1	---	---	---	---	---
AMD (mm)	0.76*	0.51*	0.45*	0.89*	0.89*	0.88*	0.98*	1	---	---	---	---
SA (mm²)	0.40*	0.77*	0.70*	0.92*	0.99*	0.99*	0.94*	0.89*	1	---	---	---
V (mm³)	0.42*	0.75*	0.69*	0.93*	1.00*	0.99*	0.94*	0.89*	0.99	1	---	---
Ø (%)	-0.74*	0.65*	0.56*	0.11^ns	0.26^ns	0.30^ns	0.0 ^ns	-0.14^ns	0.28^ns	0.26^ns	1	---
Ar	-0.65*	0.78*	0.35^ns	0.19*	0.29^ns	0.33^ns	0.02^ns	-0.07^ns	0.31^ns	0.29^ns	0.94*	1

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Analysis of the multidimensional characteristics of Tabernaemontana heterophylla seeds

Análise das características multidimensionais de sementes de Tabernaemontana heterophylla

ABSTRACT