Clone selection methods for grapevine in France

cagro Ciência e Agrotecnologia Ciênc. agrotec. 1413-7054 1981-1829 Editora da Universidade Federal de Lavras Lavras, MG, Brazil The polyclone origin of grapevine has been associated with the high occurrence of somatic mutations. Most part of these mutations are spontaneous and are responsible for most of the genetic variability inside a variety of this species. The large genetic variability found in grapevine has allowed grape breeders to obtain new varieties with better agronomic traits only by clone selection. However, due to the virus occurrence, the clone selection has been used also to eliminate plant pathogens, as a routine procedure. The selection process of plants without virus follows a severe set of rules where several steps are developed before the new clone is obtained. The program of clone selection in France, has been developed since the 60's decade and has been responsible for the creation of hundreds of varieties of rootstocks, table grapes and wine grapes. This work has as main objective, make a report about the organization of the several stages of clone selection in France. a28 COMUNICAÇÃO Analise comparativa da organização e metodologia da seleção clonal da videira na frança e Brasil1 Clone selection methods for grapevine in France Murillo de Albuquerque Regina Engenheiro Agrônomo, DsC., Pesquisador/EPAMIG, Avenida Santa Cruz, 500 - Caixa Postal 33 – 37780-000 – Caldas, MG, E-mail: [e-mail] – Bolsista CNPq RESUMO A origem policlonal da videira, associando-se sua sensibilidade à ocorrência de mutações somáticas espontâneas, faz com que exista uma grande variabilidade genética no interior de uma mesma cultivar dessa espécie, permitindo, por meio da seleção clonal, a obtenção de descendências que atendam aos objetivos específicos de produção, como produtividade e qualidade. Em razão da ocorrência generalizada de viroses na maioria dos vinhedos, a seleção clonal da videira é obrigatoriamente genética e sanitária, devendo obedecer a um certo número de etapas para que os clones selecionados possam atender aos requisitos qualitativos desejados. Na França, o programa de seleção clonal da videira data dos anos 60, e já permitiu a obtenção de centenas de clones de cultivares porta-enxerto e cultivares de vinho e mesa. Com este trabalho objetivou-se ilustrar as diferentes etapas e organização da seleção clonal da videira na França. Termos para Indexação: Variabilidade genética, viroses, certificação, Vitis sp. ABSTRACT The polyclone origin of grapevine has been associated with the high occurrence of somatic mutations. Most part of these mutations are spontaneous and are responsible for most of the genetic variability inside a variety of this species. The large genetic variability found in grapevine has allowed grape breeders to obtain new varieties with better agronomic traits only by clone selection. However, due to the virus occurrence, the clone selection has been used also to eliminate plant pathogens, as a routine procedure. The selection process of plants without virus follows a severe set of rules where several steps are developed before the new clone is obtained. The program of clone selection in France, has been developed since the 60's decade and has been responsible for the creation of hundreds of varieties of rootstocks, table grapes and wine grapes. This work has as main objective, make a report about the organization of the several stages of clone selection in France. Index Terms: Genetic variability, virus, certification, Vitis sp. Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF. Full text available only in PDF format. (Recebido para publicação em 31 de julho de 2001 e aprovado em 6 de agosto de 2002) 1 Extraído do relatório de pós-doutorado do autor. AUDEGUIN, L.; BOIDRON, R.; BLOY, P.; GRENAN, S.; LECLAIR, P.; BOURSIQUOT, J. M. Lexpérimentation des clones de Vigne en France: etat des lieux, méthodologie et perspectives. Progrčs Agricole et Viticole, Année, v. 116, n. 22, p. 486-491, 1999. L’expérimentation des clones de Vigne en France: etat des lieux, méthodologie et perspectives Progrès Agricole et Viticole 1999 486 491 22 116 AUDEGUIN L. BOIDRON R. BLOY P. GRENAN S. LECLAIR P. BOURSIQUOT J. M. AUDEGUIN, L.; BOIDRON, R.; LECLAIR, P. H.; BOURSIQUOT, J. M. Les conservatoires de clones de cépages de cuve en France: etat des lieux, méthodologie e perspectives. Progčs Agricole et Viticole, Année, v. 115, n. 23, p. 503-514, 1998. Les conservatoires de clones de cépages de cuve en France: etat des lieux, méthodologie e perspectives Progès Agricole et Viticole 1998 503 514 23 115 AUDEGUIN L. BOIDRON R. 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