Management systems acting with soil conditioners can change the physical quality of the soil and restrict or maximize agricultural production. In this study, we assessed the effect of the tillage system with and without the gypsum residual effect at different depths in a dystrophic red Oxisol in Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with arrangements of subdivided plots; the treatments were two soil manure systems, in plots and with 0 and 2000 kg ha-1 gypsum (subplots) and five depths (0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.15, 0.15-0.20, and 0.20-0.30 m, the latter ones being the subplots) with four replicates. Physical attributes of the soil and agronomic performance of soybean crop were evaluated. The results show that the soil density was higher in tillage system and the gypsum residual effect influenced the soil density at 0.10-0.15 m deep. The macro porosity was higher at 0-0.05 m deep in conventional sowing and the micro porosity increased with the depth in the manure systems. The penetration resistance increased in higher depths. The tillage system with reduced pod number and gypsum residual effect increased the plant height.
No tillage; conventional tillage; Glycine max (L.) Merr
