Figure 1:
The leaf rates of net photosynthesis (A) values at 8:00 (early morning), 12:00 (late morning), and 16:00 (afternoon) in summer (A), autumn (B), winter (C) and spring (D) seasons, for the six treatments related to black pepper distances to the rubber trees: at 2.0 m from on the southern (T2S) and northern (T2N) sides; at 5.0 m on the southern (T5S) and northern (T5N) sides; at 8.0 m (T8), which was the central row of black pepper, and unshaded black pepper (Tsun). For each parameter, the mean values ± SE (n=6) followed by different letters express significant differences between daily hours within each shade level (a, b, c), or between shade levels within each hour of the day (A, B, C, D), always separately for each season.
Figure 2:
The leaf rates of stomatal conductance to water vapor (g
s ) values at 8:00 (early morning), 12:00 (late morning), and 16:00 (afternoon) in summer (A), autumn (B), winter (C) and spring (D) seasons, for the six treatments related to black pepper distances to the rubber trees: at 2.0 m from on the southern (T2S) and northern (T2N) sides; at 5.0 m on the southern (T5S) and northern (T5N) sides; at 8.0 m (T8), which was the central row of black pepper, and unshaded black pepper (Tsun). For each parameter, the mean values ± SE (n=6) followed by different letters express significant differences between daily hours within each shade level (a, b, c), or between shade levels within each hour of the day (A, B, C, D), always separately for each season.
Figure 3:
The leaf rates of ratio between the concentration and CO2 environment internal (Ci/Ca) values at 8:00 (early morning), 12:00 (late morning), and 16:00 (afternoon) in summer (A), autumn (B), winter (C) and spring (D) seasons, for the six treatments related to black pepper distances to the rubber trees: at 2.0 m from on the southern (T2S) and northern (T2N) sides; at 5.0 m on the southern (T5S) and northern (T5N) sides; at 8.0 m (T8), which was the central row of black pepper, and unshaded black pepper (Tsun). For each parameter, the mean values ± SE (n=6) followed by different letters express significant differences between daily hours within each shade level (a, b, c), or between shade levels within each hour of the day (A, B, C, D), always separately for each season.
Figure 4:
The leaf rates of ratio between the concentration and CO2 environment internal (Ci/Ca) values at 8:00 (early morning), 12:00 (late morning), and 16:00 (afternoon) in summer (A), autumn (B), winter (C) and spring (D) seasons, for the six treatments related to black pepper distances to the rubber trees: at 2.0 m from on the southern (T2S) and northern (T2N) sides; at 5.0 m on the southern (T5S) and northern (T5N) sides; at 8.0 m (T8), which was the central row of black pepper, and unshaded black pepper (Tsun). For each parameter, the mean values ± SE (n=6) followed by different letters express significant differences between daily hours within each shade level (a, b, c), or between shade levels within each hour of the day (A, B, C, D), always separately for each season.
Figure 5:
Estimate of the quantum yield of photosynthetic non-cyclic electron transport Y(II) values at 8:00 (early morning), 12:00 (late morning), and 16:00 (afternoon) in summer (A), autumn (B), winter (C) and spring (D) seasons, for the six treatments related to black pepper distances to the rubber trees: at 2.0 m from on the southern (T2S) and northern (T2N) sides; at 5.0 m on the southern (T5S) and northern (T5N) sides; at 8.0 m (T8), which was the central row of black pepper, and unshaded black pepper (Tsun). For each parameter, the mean values ± SE (n=6) followed by different letters express significant differences between daily hours within each shade level (a, b, c), or between shade levels within each hour of the day (A, B, C, D), always separately for each season.
Figure 6:
The actual PSII efficiency of energy conversion under light exposure values (Fv’/Fm’) values at 8:00 (early morning), 12:00 (late morning), and 16:00 (afternoon) in summer (A), autumn (B), winter (C) and spring (D) seasons, for the six treatments related to black pepper distances to the rubber trees: at 2.0 m from on the southern (T2S) and northern (T2N) sides; at 5.0 m on the southern (T5S) and northern (T5N) sides; at 8.0 m (T8), which was the central row of black pepper, and unshaded black pepper (Tsun). For each parameter, the mean values ± SE (n=6) followed by different letters express significant differences between daily hours within each shade level (a, b, c), or between shade levels within each hour of the day (A, B, C, D), always separately for each season.
Figure 7:
Proportion of energy trapped by PSII open centers and driven to photochemical events values (qL) values at 8:00 (early morning), 12:00 (late morning), and 16:00 (afternoon) in summer (A), autumn (B), winter (C) and spring (D) seasons, for the six treatments related to black pepper distances to the rubber trees: at 2.0 m from on the southern (T2S) and northern (T2N) sides; at 5.0 m on the southern (T5S) and northern (T5N) sides; at 8.0 m (T8), which was the central row of black pepper, and unshaded black pepper (Tsun). For each parameter, the mean values ± SE (n=6) followed by different letters express significant differences between daily hours within each shade level (a, b, c), or between shade levels within each hour of the day (A, B, C, D), always separately for each season.
Figure 8:
Predictor of the rate constant of PSII inactivation values (Fs/Fm’) values at 8:00 (early morning), 12:00 (late morning), and 16:00 (afternoon) in summer (A), autumn (B), winter (C) and spring (D) seasons, for the six treatments related to black pepper distances to the rubber trees: at 2.0 m from on the southern (T2S) and northern (T2N) sides; at 5.0 m on the southern (T5S) and northern (T5N) sides; at 8.0 m (T8), which was the central row of black pepper, and unshaded black pepper (Tsun). For each parameter, the mean values ± SE (n=6) followed by different letters express significant differences between daily hours within each shade level (a, b, c), or between shade levels within each hour of the day (A, B, C, D), always separately for each season.