The article presents the results obtained from a research with children in their first year of elementary school, in a federal public school, in Rio de Janeiro, during the year of 2011. This research aims to understand the concepts elaborated by children about the literacy process, before and after being literate. Interviews were conducted with children, their parents and the classroom teacher. The discourse analysis of the respondents was based on the Theory of Enunciation of Mikhail Bakhtin. Complementarily, Lev Vygotsky's concepts and thoughts were also used to understand the children's own ways of thinking. The results indicate that the learning of reading and writing changes the children's ways of thinking and talking; the specific knowledge of the writing system allowed them to perform new metalinguistic and metacognitive operations. This process is also highlighted as part of the academic acculturation general processes, with emphasis on the learning of typical behaviors of this social sphere.
Literacy; Learning process of reading and writing; Children's views
