The modern romance appears in the century XVIII and, with him, a polemic around the effects that its reading could provoke. Disaccustomed with the literary representation of situations and common characters, the readers believed in the truthfulness of such narratives. Such faith, that facilitated an easy identification of the readers with the characters, it caused fear and admiration at the same time. The moralists condemned the gender, because they believed that he presented vicious models of conduct, capable of desestruturar the effective order. However, some illustrious readers affirmed that the romance would be just capable to do with that the reader accepted the sacrifices that the reading requested. There were, therefore, a consent about the capacity of the romance to serve of model of conduct. That conception this present in the speech of the Brazilian literary critic, still in the century XIX, when the first national manifestations of the gender appeared.