This article analyses the strategies of hygiene in school elaborated by hygienists in such a period that the exigencies of the universality of the primary education are the necessities of organisation constitution of rational pedagogy. Thus a school manual is taken as a source to try to understand the proposes that go through the hygiene prescriptions as representations in relation to school and their agents and yet the joint of the hygiene contents and the objectives of the well known pedagogic modernisation in a period of time.