Influence of the diameter of ground date pits on the technological properties of clay bricks

Djafri, G.; Chelouah, N.

doi:10.1590/0366-69132018643722483

G. Djafri

University of Bejaia, Faculty of Technology, Laboratory of Construction Engineering and Architecture, 0600 Bejaia, Algeria

N. Chelouah ^* * nasser_chelouah@yahoo.fr

University of Bejaia, Faculty of Technology, Laboratory of Construction Engineering and Architecture, 0600 Bejaia, Algeria

* nasser_chelouah@yahoo.fr

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Figure 1
X-ray diffraction pattern of the clay.

Figura 1
Difratograma de raios X da argila.

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Figure 2
TGA and DTA curves of GDP.

Figura 2
Curvas de TGA e DTA de CTM.

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Figure 3
TGA curves of the sample containing 5 wt% of GDP compared with the control sample.

Figura 3
Curvas de TGA de amostra contendo 5% em massa de CTM em comparação com a amostra de controle.

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Figure 4
SEM micrograph of GDP (ground date pits).

Figura 4
Micrografia de MEV de CTM (caroço de tâmara moído).

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Figure 5
Shrinkage as a function of diameter and content of GDP of unfired (a) and fired (b) samples.

Figura 5
Retração em função do diâmetro e fração de CTM de amostras antes (a) e depois (b) da queima.

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Figure 6
SEM micrographs of fired clay bricks with different diameter of GDP: a) 0-0.20 mm; b) 0.20-0.25 mm; c) 0.25-0.50 mm; and d) 0.50-1.0 mm.

Figura 6
Micrografias de MEV de tijolos após queima com diferentes diâmetros de CTM: a) 0-0.20 mm; b) 0.20-0.25 mm; c) 0.25-0.50 mm; e d) 0.50-1.0 mm.

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Figure 7
Compressive strength as a function of diameter and content of GDP of unfired (a) and fired (b) samples.

Figura 7
Resistência à compressão em função do diâmetro e fração de CTM de amostras antes (a) e depois (b) da queima.

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Figure 8
Compressive strength as a function of diameter and content of GDP of unfired (a) and fired (b) samples.

Figura 8
Resistência à flexão em função do diâmetro e fração de CTM de amostras após queima.

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Figure 9
Thermal conductivity as a function of diameter and content of GDP of fired samples.

Figura 9
Condutividade térmica em função do diâmetro e fração de CTM de amostras após queima.

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Figure 10
Pore size distribution curves of clay containing 5 to 20 wt% of ground date pits (GDP) with diameter of 0.5-1 mm.

Figura 10
Curvas de distribuição de tamanho de poros de argila contendo 5 a 20% em massa de caroços de tâmara moídos (CTM) com diâmetro de 0,5-1 mm.

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Table I
Chemical composition of the clay (wt%).

Tabela I
Composição química da argila (% em massa).

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Table II
Mineral composition of the clay (wt%).

Tabela II
Composição mineral da argila (% em massa).

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Table III
Chemical composition of ground date pits - GDP (wt%).

Tabela III
Composição química dos caroços de tâmara moídos - CTM (% em massa).

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Table IV
Water content for plasticity (%) of clay-GDP mixtures as a function of diameter and content of the GDP.

Tabela IV
Teor de água para plasticidade (%) das misturas argila-CTM em função do diâmetro e fração de CTM.

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Table V
Water absorption coefficient - C (%) as a function of diameter and content of GDP of fired samples, according to NA 1957 standard.

Tabela V
Coeficiente de absorção de água - C (%) em função do diâmetro e fração de CTM de amostras após queima, de acordo com norma NA 1957.

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Table VI
Water absorption (%) as a function of diameter and content of GDP of fired samples.

Tabela VI
Absorção de água (%) em função do diâmetro e fração de CTM de amostras após queima.

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Table VII
Apparent density (g/cm3) as a function of diameter and content of GDP of fired samples.

Tabela VII
Densidade aparente (g/cm3) em função do diâmetro e fração de CTM de amostras após queima.

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Table VIII
Apparent porosity (%) as a function of diameter and content of GDP of fired samples.

Tabela VIII
Porosidade aparente (%) em função do diâmetro e fração de CTM de amostras após queima.

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(A)

Table I Chemical composition of the clay (wt%).

SiO₂	Al₂O₃	CaO	Fe₂O₃	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	SO₃	TiO₂	P₂O₅	LOI
43.30	13.35	15.34	5.01	1.89	2.03	1.06	0.71	0.63	0.19	16.50

Table II Mineral composition of the clay (wt%).

Quartz	Calcite	Muscovite	Kaolinite	Albite	Gypsum	Dolomite	Palygorskite	Clinochlore	Ferruginous minerals
22	26	17	10	6	2	3	5	4	5

Table III Chemical composition of ground date pits - GDP (wt%).

Moisture	Carbohydrate	Protein	Lipid	Cellulose	Ash
6.46	50.50	7.22	9.51	16.20	10.20

Table IV Water content for plasticity (%) of clay-GDP mixtures as a function of diameter and content of the GDP.

GDP	0-0.20 mm	0.20-0.25 mm	0.25-0.50 mm	0.50-1.0 mm
5%	22.96±0.19	23.18±0.19	23.97±0.20	25.05±0.22
10%	24.86±0.20	25.32±0.20	26.38±0.21	28.29±0.20
15%	27.73±0.20	28.97±0.20	29.91±0.20	32.29±0.20
20%	33.45±0.21	34.52±0.22	35.56±0.22	37.29±0.22

Table V Water absorption coefficient - C (%) as a function of diameter and content of GDP of fired samples, according to NA 1957 standard.

GDP	0-0.20 mm	0.20-0.25 mm	0.25-0.50 mm	0.50-1.0 mm
5%	16.25±0.21	18.22±0.21	19.48±0.19	20.98±0.20
10%	20.45±0.19	21.21±0.24	22.23±0.21	23.65±0.21
15%	25.98±0.20	25.79±0.24	26.50 ± 0.21	27.10±0.20
20%	27.98±0.22	28.97±0.19	29.89±0.20	30.39±0.19

Table VI Water absorption (%) as a function of diameter and content of GDP of fired samples.

GDP	0-0.20 mm	0.20-0.25 mm	0.25-0.50 mm	0.50-1.0 mm
5%	17.86±0.22	18.68±0.22	20.02±0.21	23.87±0.22
10%	22.20±0.20	24.05±0.21	24.84±0.21	26.59±0.21
15%	24.93±0.21	26.27±0.21	27.11±0.22	28.55±0.22
20%	26.97±0.23	28.80±0.23	30.55±0.21	31.38±0.20

Table VII Apparent density (g/cm3) as a function of diameter and content of GDP of fired samples.

GDP	0-0.20 mm	0.20-0.25 mm	0.25-0.50 mm	0.50-1.0 mm
5%	1.68±0.03	1.66±0.04	1.58±0.03	1.46±0.04
10%	1.43±0.04	1.39±0.03	1.37±0.03	1.33±0.03
15%	1.32±0.03	1.30±0.03	1.28±0.03	1.25±0.03
20%	1.27±0.04	1.24±0.03	1.23±0.03	1.20±0.03

Table VIII Apparent porosity (%) as a function of diameter and content of GDP of fired samples.

GDP	0-0.20 mm	0.20-0.25 mm	0.25-0.50 mm	0.50-1.0 mm
5%	30.00±0.22	31.00±0.22	31.63±0.25	34.85±0.24
10%	31.74±0.23	33.33±0.25	34.03±0.26	35.36±0.21
15%	32.90±0.28	34.15±0.26	34.70±0.26	35.68±0.22
20%	34.25± 0.22	35.59±0.22	37.57±0.24	37.65±0.25

[TFN1] Note: value for the clay without GDP = 22.35±0.19%.

Influence of the diameter of ground date pits on the technological properties of clay bricks

Influência do diâmetro de caroços de tâmara moídos nas propriedades tecnológicas de tijolos de argila

Abstract