| Dry |
Solid-state reaction |
~1000 °C |
Miscellaneous |
Low |
Variable |
Micron |
(
105
105. H. Güler, G. Gündoğmaz, F. Kurtuluş, G. Çelik, Ş. Gacanoğlu, Solid State Sci. 13 (2011) 1916.
)-(
109
109. M. Jamil, B. Elouatli, H. Khallok, A. Elouahli, E. Gourri, M. Ezzahmouly, F. Abida, Z. Hatim, J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 9 (2018) 2322.
)
|
| Mechanochemical |
~1000 °C |
Miscellaneous |
Low |
Non-stoichiometric |
Nano |
(
90
90. A. Pal, S. Maity, S. Chabri, S. Bera, A.R. Chowdhury, M. Das, A. Sinha, Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express 3 (2017) 15010.
), (
110
110. R.A. Youness, M.A. Taha, H. Elhaes, M. Ibrahim, Mater. Chem. Phys. 190 (2017) 209.
), (
111
111. S. Lala, M. Ghosh, P. Das, D. Das, T. Kar, S. Pradhan, Mater. Chem. Phys. 170 (2016) 319.
)
|
| Wet |
Chemical precipitation |
100-1300 °C |
Miscellaneous |
Variable |
Non-stoichiometric |
Most nanosized |
(
46
46. R. Ghosh, R. Sarkar, J. Aust. Ceram. Soc. 54 (2017) 71.
), (
112
112. E.C.S. Rigo, S.A. Gehrke, M. Carbonari, Rev. Dent. Press Period. Implant. 1 (2007) 39.
)-(
120
120. H. Tang, D. Liu, Y. Bi, DEStech Trans. Eng. Technol. Res. (2017).
)
|
| Hydrolysis |
~900 °C |
Miscellaneous |
High |
Stoichiometric |
Variable |
(
121
121. A. Mechay, N. Jouini, F. Schoenstein, F. Tétard, H. El Feki, J. Adv. Chem. 6 (2014) 1086.
)
|
| Sol-gel |
500-1300 °C |
Miscellaneous |
Variable |
Stoichiometric |
Nano |
(
46
46. R. Ghosh, R. Sarkar, J. Aust. Ceram. Soc. 54 (2017) 71.
), (
71
71. M.-F. Hsieh, L.-H. Perng, T.-S. Chin, H.-G. Perng, Biomaterials 22 (2001) 2601.
), (
122
122. D.-M. Liu , T. Troczynski, W.J. Tseng, Biomaterials 22 (2001) 1721.
)-(
130
130. B. Shalini, A.R. Kumar, A. Saral, Mech. Mater. Sci. Eng. J. 9 (2017) 32.
)
|
| Hydrothermal |
Hydrothermal |
~120 °C |
Spherical or needle-like |
High |
Stoichiometric |
Nano or micron |
(
131
131. Y. Qi, J. Shen, Q. Jiang, B. Jin, J. Chen, X. Zhang, Adv. Powder Technol. 26 (2015) 1041.
)-(
138
138. T.T. Hoai, N.K. Nga, L.T. Giang, T.Q. Huy, P.N.M. Tuan, B.T.T. Binh, J. Electron. Mater. 46 (2017) 5064.
)
|
| Emulsion |
~25 °C |
Spherical or needle-like |
Variable |
Non-stoichiometric |
Nano |
(
83
83. X. Ma, Y. Chen, J. Qian, Y. Yuan, C. Liu, Mater. Chem. Phys. 183 (2016) 220.
), (
139
139. S. Amin, T. Siddique, M. Mujahid, S.S. Shah, J. Chem. Soc. Pakistan 37 (2015) 79.
)-(
141
141. N. Song, A.-J. Wang, J.-M. Li, Z. Zhu, H. Shi, X.-L. Ma, D. Sun, Soft Matter 14 (2018) 3889.
)
|
| Sonochemical |
600-1000 °C |
Miscellaneous |
High |
Variable |
Nano |
(
84
84. S. Utara, J. Klinkaewnarong, Ceram. Int. 41 (2015) 14860.
), (
142
142. E.J.M. Edralin, J.L. Garcia, F.M. Rosa, E.R. Punzalan, Mater. Lett. 196 (2017) 33.
), (
143
143. S.-T. Deng, H. Yu, D. Liu, Y.-G. Bi, Appl. Phys. A 123 (2017) 642.
)
|
| High temperature |
Combustion |
100-1300 °C |
Miscellaneous |
High |
Variable |
Most nanosized |
(
46
46. R. Ghosh, R. Sarkar, J. Aust. Ceram. Soc. 54 (2017) 71.
), (
144
144. M. Kavitha, R. Subramanian, K.S. Vinoth, R. Narayanan, G. Venkatesh, N. Esakkiraja, Powder Technol. 271 (2015) 167.
)-(
146
146. O. Kaygili, S. Keser, N. Bulut, T. Ates, Physica B Condens. Matter 537 (2018) 63.
)
|
| Pyrolysis |
~600 °C |
Miscellaneous |
Variable |
Stoichiometric |
Nano or micron |
(
87
87. J.S. Cho, J.C. Lee, S.H. Rhee, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B 104 (2016) 422.
), (
88
88. W. Widiyastuti, A. Setiawan, S. Winardi, T. Nurtono, H. Setyawan, Front. Chem. Sci. Eng. 8 (2014) 104.
)
|
| Biogenic sources |
- |
Miscellaneous |
High |
Variable |
Variable |
(
89
89. D. Milovac, G.G. Ferrer, M. Ivankovic, H. Ivankovic, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 34 (2014) 437.
), (
91
91. D. Goloshchapov, V. Kashkarov, N. Rumyantseva, P. Seredin, A. Lenshin, B. Agapov, E. Domashevskaya, Ceram. Int. 39 (2013) 4539.
)-(
97
97. Z. Wang , Z. Xu, W. Zhao, N. Sahai, J. Mater. Chem. B 3 (2015) 9157.
)
|
| Combination of methods |
- |
Miscellaneous |
Variable |
Stoichiometric |
Most nanosized |
(
36
36. P.Q. Franco, C.F.C. João, J.C. Silva, J.P. Borges, Mater. Lett. 67 (2012) 233.
), (
76
76. S.R. Ramanan, R. Venkatesh, Mater. Lett. 58 (2004) 3320.
), (
102
102. J. Pasuri, J. Holopainen, H. Kokkonen, M. Persson, K. Kauppinen, P. Lehenkari, E. Santala, M. Ritala, J. Tuukkanen, Colloids Surf. B 135 (2015) 774.
), (
147
147. T. Machida, M. Nyan, K. Kon, K. Maruo, H. Sato, J. Oral Tissue Eng. 7 (2010) 153.
)-(
149
149. S. Türk, I. Altınsoy, G. ÇelebiEfe, M. Ipek, M. Özacar, C. Bindal, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 76 (2017) 528.
)
|
