This work aims to characterize the chemistry and mineralogy of clay raw materials used in the heavy clay industry of the Caí River Valley, in southern Brazil. This region lies between Porto Alegre and Serra Gaúcha and is regarded as the major production center of brick and tiles in the Rio Grande do Sul. Despite the importance of this activity for both the local and state economy, the vast majority of clay raw materials have never been satisfactorily characterized, so there is not adequate data to guide its correct exploitation or to allow the development of ceramic products of higher quality. In this work X-ray fluorescence and diffraction were applied to analyze the clays largely used by the ceramic industry. Three groups of heavy clay were identified based on the hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis of the samples chemical composition: residual (or primary), and transported (or secondary) clays. This was further verified considering the phase composition of samples, as estimated by X-ray diffraction and rational analysis.
ceramic industry; raw materials; mineralogical characterization; chemical characterization
