Concrete, the most widely used construction material, is constantly developing. During the recent years, several researches have been carried out and the search for materials with higher mechanical and durability performance has been the objective of the concrete technology area. These materials allow designers and the architects to use them efficiently in high slender and innovative buildings. Therefore, in order to attain this target, microstructural engineering is required. Being composites constituted of fine size distribution particles (maximum size < 4750 μm) and low water/cement ratio, these concretes present dense matrix by packing optimization of the granular materials, whereas the suitable workability is the result of particle dispersion promoted by adding chemical admixtures to the mixture. Moreover, they incorporate mineral additives which are, mostly, industrial by-products, resulting in a great environmental benefit: industrial residues recycling, pollutant emissions reduction during cement production, raw materials preservation and energy saving. Thus, in present paper, a review related to the concepts of particle dispersion and packing was carried out, addressed for special concretes applied in the civil engineering field.
microstructure engineering; particle dispersion and packing; special concretes
