Effect of Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content on the mechanical and optical properties of zirconia-based dental ceramics

Monção, A. M. S.; Santos, E. M. B. dos; Gomes, P. L.; Amarante, J. E. V.; Freitas, B. X. de; Santos, C.

doi:10.1590/0366-69132024703923512

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Cerâmica 69 (392) • Oct-Dec 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132024703923512 copy

Effect of Y₂O₃ content on the mechanical and optical properties of zirconia-based dental ceramics

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The present work aims to identify variations in the mechanical and optical properties of samples produced from ZrO₂ powders containing different Y₂O₃ contents (3Y-TZP, 4Y-PSZ, and 5Y-PSZ) intended for applications such as dental prostheses. Disc-shaped samples (n=60) were uniaxially pressed, sintered at 1550 °C-2 h, and characterized. Dense ceramics were obtained for all compositions. The increase of Y₂O₃ content led to the increase of the cubic-ZrO₂ phase with a reducing tetragonal phase. As a result, mechanical properties were reduced (flexural strength of 1375~590 MPa and fracture toughness 7.2~4.1 MPa.m^1/2) while translucency was improved. Based on the requirements of ISO-6872 standard, 3Y-TZP presents versatility for non-aesthetic applications, while 5Y-PSZ is recommended for aesthetic applications such as anterior teeth due to better translucency.

Keywords:
ceramics; yttria-doped zirconia; mechanical properties; opacity; ISO-6872

Characteristic	3Y-TZP^a	4Y-PSZ^b	5Y-PSZ^c
Y₂O₃ (mol%)	3	4	5
APS (µm)	0.09	0.09	0.09
Y₂O₃ (wt%)	5.2±0.5	6.9	7.8
HfO₂ (wt%)	<5.0	-	-
Al₂O₃ (wt%)	0.1~0.4	0.05	0.05
SiO₂ (wt%)	≤0.2	≤0.02	≤0.02
Fe₂O₃ (wt%)	≤0.02	≤0.01	≤0.01
Na₂O (wt%)	≤0.4	-	-
ZrO₂ (wt%)	balance
SSA (m²/g)	7.0±2.0	10	10
Density (g/cm³)	6.05	6.05	6.00
MP (°C)	2715

Parameter	3Y-TZP	4Y-PSZ	5Y-PSZ
ZrO₂ monoclinic (m-ZrO₂)	a=5.1209 Å	a=5.1248 Å	-
	b=5.2718 Å	b=5.2798 Å	-
	c=5.3041 Å	c=5.2870 Å	-
space group P1 21/c 1	V=141.49 Å³	V=141.50 Å³	-
ZrO₂ cubic (c-ZrO₂)	-	-	a=5.1285 Å
space group Fm-3m	-	-	V=134.89 Å³
ZrO₂ tetragonal (t-ZrO₂)	a=3.5988 Å	a=3.5985 Å	a=3.596 Å
ZrO₂ tetragonal (t-ZrO₂)	c=5.1756 Å	c=5.1697 Å	c=5.175 Å
space group P42/nmc	V=67.03 Å³	V=66.82 Å³	V=67.05 Å³
Tetragonality (c/a√2)	1.0169	1.0168	1.0171
Y₂O₃ content of t-ZrO₂ (mol%)	1.92	1.96	1.90
ZrO₂ tetragonal’ (t’-ZrO₂)	a=3.6182 Å	a=3.6141 Å	a=3.6215 Å
(yttria rich)	c=5.1437 Å	c=5.1395 Å	c=5.1414 Å
space group P42/nmc	V=67.33 Å³	V=67.09 Å³	V=67.43 Å³
Tetragonality (c/a√2)	1.0052	1.0046	1.0048
Y₂O₃ content of t’-ZrO₂ (mol%)	5.67	5.53	5.40
Phase composition (wt%)	68.1% t-ZrO₂	39.7% t-ZrO₂	18.7% t-ZrO₂
	29.2% c+t’-ZrO₂	58.7% c+t’-ZrO₂	81.3% c+t’-ZrO₂
	2.7% m-ZrO₂	1.6% m-ZrO₂	-
χ²	2.83	2.85	2.08

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Effect of Y2O3 content on the mechanical and optical properties of zirconia-based dental ceramics

Abstract

Effect of Y₂O₃ content on the mechanical and optical properties of zirconia-based dental ceramics