ABUSE AGAINST THE ELDERLY PERSON: ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNAL CONSISTENCY OF INSTRUMENTS

Rodrigues, Renata Clemente dos Santos; Araújo-Monteiro, Gleicy Karine Nascimento de; Marcolino, Emanuella de Castro; Brandão, Bárbara Maria Lopes da Silva; Barbosa, Lindemberg Arruda; Moraes, Ronei Marcos de; Souto, Rafaella Queiroga

doi:10.1590/ce.v28i0.93163

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Cogitare Enferm. 28 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/ce.v28i0.93163 copy

ABUSE AGAINST THE ELDERLY PERSON: ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNAL CONSISTENCY OF INSTRUMENTS^* * Article extracted from the doctoral thesis “EVIDÊNCIAS DE VALIDADE DE ESCALA PARA RASTREIO DA VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA PESSOA IDOSA”, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, 2023.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

HIGHLIGHTS

H-S/EAST was considered unstable from a reliability point of view.
The Conflict Tactics Scale was highly accurate in defining violence.
There is a need to develop instruments to determine violence against VCPI.

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to evaluate the internal consistency of instruments used in Brazil to measure situations of violence against the elderly in two states.

Method:

a cross-sectional study with 481 elderly people in two different samples, states, and time periods. Two instruments were used to measure violence against the elderly person. The data was analyzed and the internal consistency between the items was measured by the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.

Results:

the Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test showed a coefficient of α = 0.08 for the sample collected in Paraíba, while in Pernambuco it was α = 0.57. The Conflict Tactics Scale was highly accurate in defining violence, with a coefficient of α = 0.81 and α = 0.80 for the two samples.

Conclusions:

only the Conflict Tactics Scale turned out to be reliable and stable for determining physical and psychological violence among the elderly, thus contributing as a way of uncovering the phenomenon.

DESCRIPTORS:
Reproducibility of Results; Data Accuracy; Nursing Methodological Research; Forensic Nursing; Elder abuse.

Variables	PB (2019 - 2020)	PE (2016 - 2017)
	n (%)	n (%)
Risk of violence (HS-EAST)^*
At risk of violence	202 (62.7)	96 (60.4)
No risk of violence	120 (37.3)	63 (39.6)
Argumentation (CTS-1)†
With argumentation between inter-family conflicts	167 (51.7)	35 (22)
Without argumentation between inter-family conflicts	156 (48.3)	120 (77.4)
Verbal aggression (CTS-1)†
Experienced verbal aggression	178 (55.1)	55 (34.6)
Did not experience verbal aggression	145 (44.9)	99 (64.3)
Physical aggression (CTS-1)†
Experienced physical aggression	37 (11.5)	7 (4.4)
Did not experience physical aggression	286 (88.5)	148 (95.5)
Total	322 (100)	159 (100)

	PB (2019 - 2020)			PE (2016 - 2017)
H-S/EAST items	Mean (SD)	Item-total corrected correlation	α‡ (item deleted)	Mean (SD)	Item-total corrected correlation	α‡ (item deleted)
Potential abuse
Q^§.2 - Are you helping to support someone?	0.54 (0.49)	0.10	0.20	0.41 (0.49)	0.06	0.47
Q^§.5 - Can you take your medication and go places on your own?	0.31 (0.46)	0.02	0.03	0.29 (0.45)	0.25	0.35
Q^§.7 - Do you feel that nobody wants you around?	0.48 (5.52)	0.03	0.46	0.09 (0.29)	0.35	0.33
Q^§.8 - Does anyone in your family drink a lot?	0.42 (0.49)	-0.00	0.04	0.40 (0.49)	0.10	0.45
Q^§.12 - Do you trust most of the people in your family?	0.19 (0.39)	0.19	0.01	0.25 (0.43)	0.23	0.36
Q^§.13 - Does anyone tell you that you cause many problems?	0.14 (0.350	0.04	0.03	0.09 (0.28)	0.27	0.36
Q^§.14 - At home, do you have enough freedom to be quiet when you want to?	0.06 (0.23)	0.02	0.03	0.09 (0.29)	0.22	0.38
α‡ (domain)		0.04			0.42
Violation of personal rights or direct abuse
Q^§.4 - Does someone else make decisions about your life - like how you should live or where you should live?	0.53 (5.52)	0.17	0.36	0.19 (0.39)	0.03	0.40
Q^§.9 - Does anyone in your family make you stay in bed or tell you that you are ill when you know you are not?	0.08 (0.27)	0.21	0.04	0.03 (0.17)	0.26	0.25
Q^§.10 - Has anyone ever made you do things that you didn’t want to do?	0.09 (0.39)	0.21	0.04	0.06 (0.23)	0.22	0.25
Q^§.11 - Has anyone taken things belonging to you without your consent?	0.33 (0.47)	0.10	0.05	0.31 (0.46)	0.23	0.20
Q^§.15 - Has anyone close to you tried to hurt or harm you recently?	0.13 (0.33)	0.01	0.07	0.09 (0.29)	0.17	0.26
α‡ (domain)	0.06			0.32
Vulnerability characteristic
Q^§.1 - Do you have someone who keeps you company, takes you shopping or to the doctor?	0.10 (0.30)	-0.01	0.15	0.23 (0.42)	- 0.08	0.27
Q^§.3 - Do you often feel sad or lonely?	0.49 (0.77)	0.10	-0.16	0.50 (0.50)	0.12	-0.28
Q^§.6 - Can you take your medication and go places on your own?	0.33 (0.47)	0.05	0.05	0.30 (0.46)	0.04	-0.00
α‡ (domain)	0.10			0.05
Overall alpha of the scale	0.08			0.57

	PB (2019 - 2020)			PE (2016 - 2017)
CTS-1 items	Mean	Item-total corrected correlation	α‡ (item deleted)	Mean	Item-total corrected correlation	α‡ (item deleted)
Argumentation
Q^§.1 - Discussed the problem calmly	0.56 (0.67)	0.45	0.59	0.24 (0.53)	0.49	0.46
Q^§.2 - You tried to get information to better understand his or her way of thinking, or yours	0.33 (0.59)	0.55	0.42	0.12 (0.36)	0.55	0.29
Q^§.3- Brought or tried to bring someone to help calm things down	0.19 (0.46)	0.41	0.63	0.05 (0.20)	0.33	0.64
α‡ (domain)	0.65			0.60
Verbal abuse
Q^§.4 - Cursed or insulted you	0.41 (0.68)	0.62	0.73	0.29 (0.60)	0.66	0.80
Q^§.5 - Got angry. Did not talk about it again	0.51 (0.69)	0.68	0.71	0.32 (0.65)	0.68	0.79
Q^§.6 -Left the room, the house, or the area	0.40 (0.64)	0.60	0.73	0.22 (0.57)	0.73	0.78
Q^§.7 - Did or said things just to annoy you	0.53 (0.73)	0.65	0.72	0.40 (0.71)	0.72	0.79
Q^§.8 - Threatened to hit or throw things at him/her or at you	0.14 (0.39)	0.32	0.79	0.09 (0.38)	0.48	0.83
Q^§.9 - Destroyed, hit, threw, or kicked objects	0.09 (0.32)	0.35	0.79	0.06 (0.31)	0.49	0.84
α‡ (domain)	0.77			0.83
Physical abuse
Q^§.10 - Threw things at him/her or you	0.02 (0.19)	0.68	0.81	0.01 (0.11)	0.44	0.63
Q^§.11 - Pushed or grabbed him/her or you	0.03 (0.18)	0.62	0.82	0.04 (0.22)	0.39	0.66
Q^§.12 - Slapped or hit him/her or you	0.02 (0.15)	0.62	0.82	0.03 (0.19)	0.51	0.61
Q^§.13 - Kicked, bit, or punched him/her or you	0.01 (0.11)	0.24	0.85	0.01 (0.08)	0.36	0.66
Q^§.14 - Hit or tried to hit him/her or you with objects	0.04 (0.20)	0.63	0.82	0.01 (0.11)	0.54	0.62
Q^§.15 - Beat him/her or you	0.03 (0.18)	0.54	0.83	0.00 (0.00)	0.00	0.69
Q^§.16 - Burned him/her; strangled or suffocated him/her or you	0.03 (0.19)	0.55	0.83	0.01 (0.08)	0.36	0.66
Q^§.17 - Threatened him/her or you with a knife or gun	0.07 (0.27)	0.53	0.84	0.03 (0.22)	0.52	0.61
Q^§.18 - Used a knife or gun against him/her or you	0.03 (0.19)	0.66	0.81	0.00 (0.00)	0.00	0.63
α‡ (domain)	0.84			0.67
Overall alpha of the scale	0.81			0.81

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[1] All authors approved the final version of the text.

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ABUSE AGAINST THE ELDERLY PERSON: ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNAL CONSISTENCY OF INSTRUMENTS* * Article extracted from the doctoral thesis “EVIDÊNCIAS DE VALIDADE DE ESCALA PARA RASTREIO DA VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA PESSOA IDOSA”, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, 2023.

HIGHLIGHTS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Method:

Results:

Conclusions:

ABUSE AGAINST THE ELDERLY PERSON: ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNAL CONSISTENCY OF INSTRUMENTS^* * Article extracted from the doctoral thesis “EVIDÊNCIAS DE VALIDADE DE ESCALA PARA RASTREIO DA VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA PESSOA IDOSA”, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, 2023.