MATHEW et al., 201777 Mathew SA, Varghese P, Kuys SS, Heesch KC, McPhail SM. Gait outcomes of older adults receiving subacute hospital rehabilitation following orthopaedic trauma: a longitudinal cohort study. BMJ Open. [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Mar. 24]; 7(7). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016628
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-0...
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Gait outcomes of older adults receiving subacute hospital rehabilitation following orthopaedic trauma: a longitudinal cohort study. |
To describe gait speed at admission and discharge from inpatient rehabilitation in aged people recovering from orthopedic trauma and factors associated with gait speed performance and discharge destination. |
English |
Cohort |
n=746 |
Of the 746 aged, 76.4% of those who were able to complete the gait speed test on admission and discharge were able to improve their gait by 0.10m/s. Only 1.3% had a clinically significant decrease in gait. As for factors associated with gait speed, patients with pelvic fractures (p<0.01) and multiple fractures (p<0.01) had faster gait speeds than aged people with femoral fractures. |
2c |
DUMURGIER et al., 201788 Dumurgier J, Artaud F, Touraine C, Rouaud O, Tavernier B, Dufouil C, et al. Gait Speed and Decline in Gait Speed as Predictors of Incident Dementia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2022 Aug. 24]; 72(5):655-61. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glw110
https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glw110...
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Gait Speed and Decline in Gait Speed as Predictors of Incident Dementia. |
To investigate the association between gait speed and dementia, using repeated gait assessments before the onset of dementia. |
English |
Cohort |
n=3.663 |
3,663 people took part, 296 of whom developed dementia, with an incidence of 12.3/1000 person-years. In a model adjusted for age and sex, lower walking speed was associated with the risk of dementia (p<0.001). In addition, regardless of initial walking speed, those with slower walking speed had a higher risk of dementia (p=0.009). |
2b |
HEILAND et al., 201799 Heiland EG, Qiu C, Wang R, Santoni G, Liang Y, Fratiglioni L, et al. Cardiovascular risk burden and future risk of walking speed limitation in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Mar. 24]; 65(11):2418-24. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15158
https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15158...
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Cardiovascular risk burden and future risk of walking speed limitation in older adults. |
Explore longitudinally the association between cardiovascular risk factor burden and limitations in walking speed, balance, and getting up from a chair and see if these associations vary according to age and cognitive status. |
English |
Cohort |
n=1.441 |
Of the 1,441 aged participants, 326 developed limitations in walking speed, and cardiovascular risk was associated with limitations in walking speed in those aged less than 78 years. In addition, greater cardiovascular risk was significantly associated with the advanced decline in walking speed (p<0.001). |
2c |
WELMER et al., 20171010 Welmer AK, Rizzuto D, Laukka EJ, Johnell K, Fratiglioni L. Cognitive and physical function in relation to the risk of injurious falls in older adults: a population-based study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2022 Sept. 22]; 72(5):669-75. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glw141
https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glw141...
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Cognitive and physical function in relation to the risk of injurious falls in older adults: a population-based study. |
To quantify the effect of cognitive and physical deficits independently on the risk of falls, to verify whether this risk is modified by global cognitive impairment, and to explore whether the risk varies according to the length of follow-up. |
English |
Cohort |
n=2.495 |
Among the 2,495 participants, 167 had at least one fall during the three-year follow-up period, 310 during the five-year follow-up period, and 571 during the 10-year follow-up period. Decreased walking speed increased the risk of falling by 38% over the three years. Slow walking speed was associated with the risk of falling over the 3- and 10-year periods in people with cognitive impairment (p<0.05). |
2b |
LENARDT et al., 20191111 Lenardt MH, Setoguchi LS, Betiolli SE, Grden CRB, Sousa JAV de. Gait speed and occurrence of falls in the long-lived elderly. Rev Min Enferm. [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2022 Sept. 24]; 23:e1190. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/1415-2762.20190038
http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/1415-2762.2019...
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Gait speed and occurrence of falls in the long-lived elderly. |
To analyze the relationship between gait speed and the occurrence of falls in long-lived aged people. |
Portuguese |
Cross-sectional |
n=243 |
Of the 243 aged people, 50 (20.7%) had reduced GS, and 111 (45.7%) had fallen in the last 12 months. Of the aged with reduced GS, 30 (60%) had fallen in the last year. Reduced GS was significantly associated with falls in the last 12 months (p=0.023). |
2c |
ISHIZAKI et al., 20191212 Ishizaki T, Kobayashi E, Fukaya T, Takahashi Y, Shinkai S, Liang J. Association of physical performance and self-rated health with multimorbidity among older adults: results from a nationwide survey in Japan. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2022 Aug. 10]; 84:103904. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2019.103904
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2019.1...
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Association of physical performance and self-rated health with multimorbidity among older adults: results from a nationwide survey in Japan. |
To examine the association of physical performance measures and self-rated health with multi-morbidity among Japanese aged ≥60 years using cross-sectional data from a national longitudinal survey. |
English |
Cross-sectional |
n=2.525 |
Of the 2,525 participants who answered the survey without assistance, the most prevalent chronic disease was hypertension (44.1%), followed by low back pain (25.7%) and cataracts (24.7%). Multi-morbidity predominated in 44% of the aged and was statistically significantly associated with handgrip strength (p=0.006) and self-rated health (p<0.001), but not with gait speed (p=0.479). |
2c |
VETRANO et al., 20191313 Vetrano DL, Rizzuto D, Calderón-Larrañaga A, Onder G, Welmer AK, Qiu C, et al. Walking speed drives the prognosis of older adults with cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric multimorbidity. Am J Med [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2022 Aug. 10]; 132(10):1207-1215.e6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.05.005
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.05...
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Walking speed drives the prognosis of older adults with cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric multimorbidity. |
Analyzing jointly the effect of cardiovascular multi-morbidity and functional impairment, and the effect of neuropsychiatric multi-morbidity and functional impairment, all-cause and cause-specific mortality. |
English |
Cohort |
n=3.363 |
After 3 years of follow-up, compared to patients with preserved walking speed and no cardiovascular or neuropsychiatric diseases, the mortality risk ratios were 1.88 (1.29-2.74), 3.85 (2.60-5.70) and 5.18 (3.45-7.78), respectively, during the three-year follow-up. The presence of one or two cardiovascular diseases increases the chances of mortality, regardless of walking speed. On the other hand, slow walking speed concomitant with the presence of neuropsychiatric disease was associated with mortality over 3 years (p<0.01). |
2b |
TANAKA et al., 20201414 Tanaka M, Ikezoe T, Ichihashi N, Tabara Y, Nakayama T, Takahashi Y, et al. Relationship of low muscle mass and obesity with physical function in community dwelling older adults: Results from the Nagahama study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Aug. 09]; 88:103987. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2019.103987
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2019.1...
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Relationship of low muscle mass and obesity with physical function in community dwelling older adults: Results from the Nagahama study. |
To investigate the influence of obesity and low muscle mass on physical function among community-aged people. |
English |
Cross-sectional |
n=1.922 |
Of the 1,922 participants, 1,279 were women with an average age of 67.7 years. It was observed that obese individuals with a low body mass index (BMI) had a lower walking speed when compared to non-obese individuals with a normal (eutrophic) BMI. |
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LIN et al., 20211515 Lin YH, Chen HC, Hsu NW, Chou P. Using hand grip strength to detect slow walking speed in older adults: the Yilan study. BMC Geriatr. [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Mar. 24]; 16;21(1):428. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02361-0
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02361...
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Using hand grip strength to detect slow walking speed in older adults: the Yilan study. |
Objective 1: To determine whether handgrip strength is the best explainable correlate for walking speed in aged Asian community dwellers compared to several candidate variables, and to what extent handgrip strength correlates with walking speed. Objective 2: To determine the optimal cut-off values for handgrip strength to detect slow walking speed. |
English |
Cross-sectional |
n=301 |
Of the 301 aged, 55% were women, and the average age was 73.9 years. It was observed that older, female participants with low levels of schooling and who did not practice physical activities had slower gait speeds when compared to the other participants. Concerning clinical factors, individuals with diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, a history of stroke, arthritis in the lower limbs, and depression had a slower gait. Walking speed was associated with age, height, weight, handgrip strength, and muscle mass. In the Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, handgrip strength was found to be the most explainable factor related to walking speed among all the participants. |
2c |
ZHOU et al., 20211616 Zhou J, Liu B, Qin MZ, Liu JP. A prospective cohort study of the risk factors for new falls and fragility fractures in self-caring elderly patients aged 80 years and over. BMC geriatrics. [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Mar. 24]; 21(1):1-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02043-x
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02043...
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A prospective cohort study of the risk factors for new falls and fragility fractures in self-caring elderly patients aged 80 years and over. |
To prospectively analyze risk factors for new falls and fragility fractures in self-care-aged people and find suitable assessment tools for community screening and follow-up interventions. |
English |
Prospective Cohort |
n=290 |
290 people aged 80 or overtook part in the study. After 12 months, 87 of them had new falls. This incidence was negatively correlated with Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (p = 0.008) and the Time Up and Go (TUG) test >12 s (p = 0.021). It was also possible to observe 33 new fractures related to the frailty condition, which was associated with new falls (p = 0.000). However, new fractures due to frailty were negatively associated with bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae (p = 0.012) and walking speed (p = 0.000). |
2b |
LAUKLI et al., 20211717 Laukli I, Sandvik L, Ormstad H. Frailty assessment of older adults, first-time applicants of public home care service in Norway. Scand. J. Prim. [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Sept. 23]; 39(1):3-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/02813432.2021.1880069
https://doi.org/10.1080/02813432.2021.18...
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Frailty assessment of older adults, first-time applicants of public home care service in Norway. |
Objective 1: To estimate the prevalence of frailty in aged people applying for public home care services for the first time. Objective 2: To examine the suitability of gait speed and Short Physical Performance Battery as screening tools for frailty defined by Fried et al. adapted for a general population >70 years old in Norway. |
English |
Cross-sectional |
n=116 |
The study included 116 participants. Regarding frailty, 61.2% of those investigated were considered frail, 29.3% as pre-frail, and 8.6% as robust. Mean gait speed was lower in frail than in pre-frail individuals, and lower in pre-frail than in robust individuals (p<0001). No robust-aged individual had a gait speed <0.8 m/s. |
2c |
OHLIN et al., 20211818 Öhlin J, Gustafson Y, Littbrand H, Olofsson B, Toots A. Low or declining gait speed is associated with risk of developing dementia over 5 years among people aged 85 years and over. J Aging Phys Act [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 June 11]; 29(4):678-85. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2020-0266
https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2020-0266...
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Low or declining gait speed is associated with risk of developing dementia over 5 years among people aged 85 years and over. |
To investigate the longitudinal association between gait speed, change in gait speed, and development of dementia over five years in people aged 85 and over. |
English |
Cohort |
n=296 |
A total of 296 aged participants were assessed at baseline, of whom 98 developed dementia after 5 years of assessment. Gait speed at baseline was associated with dementia both in the unadjusted model of the analysis (p <0.001) and the adjusted model (age, gender, and dependence in activities of daily living) (p =0.045). Variation in gait speed was only associated with dementia in the adjusted model (p =0.015). |
2b |
OZKOK et al., 20221919 Ozkok S, Aydin CO, Sacar DE, Catikkas NM, Erdogan T, Kilic C, et al. Associations between polypharmacy and physical performance measures in older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022 Mar. 30]; 98:104553. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2021.104553
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2021.1...
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Associations between polypharmacy and physical performance measures in older adults. |
To examine the associations of polypharmacy with certain physical performance measures used to assess ambulation. |
English |
Cross-sectional |
n=392 |
Of the 392 participants, 62.5% had polypharmacy, for whom a slower walking speed was also observed when compared to patients without polypharmacy (p <0.001). In addition, patients using five or more medications required more time to perform the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. In the analysis adjusted for age, gender, and BMI, polypharmacy was still associated with walking speed (p=0.03). |
2c |
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Source: The authors (2023).
Source: The authors (2023).