LIVING CONDITIONS AND HEALTH OF KAINGANG INDIGENOUS PEOPLE WITH DIABETES<sup/>

Benedito, Júnior Cesar de Souza; Marcon, Sonia Silva; Medeiros, Arthur de Almeida; Batiston, Adriane Pires; Haddad, Maria do Carmo Lourenço; Teston, Elen Ferraz

doi:10.1590/ce.v29i0.94963

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Cogitare Enferm. 29 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/ce.v29i0.94963 copy

LIVING CONDITIONS AND HEALTH OF KAINGANG INDIGENOUS PEOPLE WITH DIABETES^* * Artigo extraído da dissertação do mestrado: “CONDIçõES DE VIDA E SAúDE DE INDíGENAS KAINGANG COM DIABETES MELLITUS”, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil, 2023.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To analyze the living conditions and health of Kaingang indigenous people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Method:

A cross-sectional study carried out through interviews and consultation of medical records with indigenous people of the Kaingang ethnic group living in an indigenous land in the northern region of Paraná-Brazil. Student’s t-test and the chi-square test were used to analyze the data.

Results:

The average age of the 45 participants was 56.3 ± 12.4 years. Most women were overweight, and their waist circumference was higher than the risk indicator. The average glycated hemoglobin was 9.6 ± 2.7%, and venous glycemia was 189.1 ± 95.3 mg/dL.

Conclusion:

analyzing the living conditions and health of Kaingang indigenous people provides information for planning early screening, prevention, and monitoring of chronic conditions in the indigenous population.

KEYWORDS:
Diabetes Mellitus; Indigenous Peoples; Anthropometry; Sedentary Behavior.

HIGHLIGHTS

1. Non-indigenous people influenced Indigenous traditions and customs.

2. Indigenous women with diabetes have an altered waist circumference.

3. The importance of screening strategies for diabetes in indigenous people.

VARIABLE	RISK OF DIABETES MELLITUS COMPLICATIONS
	Bass n (%)	Moderate n (%)	High n (%)
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age group
Adults	3 (8,8)	3 (8,8)	28 (82,4)
Elderly	2 (18,2)	1 (9,1)	8 (72,7)
Sex
Female	2 (8,3)	4 (16,7)	18 (75,0)
Male	3 (14,3)	0 (0,0)	18 (85,7)
Village
Apucaraninha	3 (8,6)	3 (8,6)	29 (82,9)
Água Branca	1 (11,1)	1 (11,1)	7 (77,8)
Barreiro	1 (100,0)	0 (0,0)	0 (0,0)
Marital status
Without a partner	0 (0,0)	0 (0,0)	4 (100,0)
With a partner	5 (12,5)	4 (9,8)	32 (78,0)
Schooling (years)
None	0 (0,0)	1 (5,9)	16 (94,1)
1-4	4 (20,0)	3 (15,0)	13 (65,0)
5-9	0 (0,0)	0 (0,0)	4 (100,0)
>10	1 (25,0)	0 (0,0)	3 (75,0)
Social class
C	2 (15,4)	1 (7,7)	10 (76,9)
D or E	3 (9,4)	3 (9,4)	26 (81,3)
Bilingual
No	4 (13,8)	2 (6,9)	23 (79,3)
Yes	1 (6,3)	2 (12,5)	13 (81,3)
Religion
None	0 (0,0)	0 (0,0)	1 (100,0)
Catholic	3 (13,6)	2 (9,1)	17 (77,3)
Evangelical	2 (9,1)	2 (9,1)	18 (81,8)
Do you receive social benefits?
No	2 (22,2)	0 (0,0)	7 (77,8)
Yes	3 (8,3)	4 (11,1)	29 (80,6)
Behavioral characteristics
Smoking
No	4 (11,1)	2 (5,6)	30 (83,3)
Yes	1 (11,1)	2 (22,2)	6 (66,7)
Alcoholism
No	5 (12,5)	3 (7,5)	32 (80,0)
Yes	0 (0,0)	1 (20,0)	4 (80,0)
Physical activity
Sedentary lifestyle	1 (7,7)	0 (0,0)	12 (93,2)
Irregularly active	2 (10,5)	3 (15,8)	14 (73,7)
Active/very active	2 (15,4)	1 (7,7)	10 (76,9)

VARIABLE	n (%)
Health Condition Characteristics
Polypharmacy	39 (86,7)
No	6 (13,3)
Yes
Time to diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
< 5 years	22 (48,9)
≥ 5 years	21 (46,7)
Unknown	2 (4,4)
Diabetic Foot
No	40 (88,9)
Yes	5 (11,1)
Amputation due to Diabetes Mellitus
No	41 (91,1)
Yes	4 (8,9)
Retinopathy
No	41 (91,1)
Yes	4 (8,9)
Use of insulin
No	37 (82,2)
Yes	8 (17,8)
Hypertension
No	17 (37,8)
Yes	28 (62,2)
Body mass index
Eutrophy	4 (8,9)
Overweight	19 (42,2)
Obesity	22 (48,9)
Clinical Characteristics
Total Cholesterol
Normal	33 (73,3)
Amended	12 (26,7)
Triglycerides
Normal	8 (17,8)
Amended	37 (82,2)
Urea
Normal	41 (91,1)
Amended	4 (8,9)
Creatinine
Normal	40 (88,9)
Amended	5 (11,1)

VARIABLE	n	x^* * Mean; † Standard deviation; ‡ p-value (probability of significance); § Power of the test; \|\| Difference of means; ¶ 95% confidence interval; (DP) ^†	Student’s t-test
			p^‡	1-β^§	x1-x2^\|\| (IC95%)¶
Waist circumference^ Reference of 102cm for men and 88cm for women; †† Reference of 1.25 for men and 1.36 for women; ‡‡Reference of 0.52 for men and 0.53 for women. Significance value (α=0.05).
Female	24	98,8 (10,2)	<0,001	73,43	10,83 (6,5 ; 15,2)
Male	21	100,4 (8,9)	0,426	17,86	-1,57 (-5,6 ; 2,5)
Conicity index^††
Female	24	1,32 (0,06)	0,008	51,71	-0,04 (-0,07 ; -0,01)
Male	21	1,31 (0,05)	<0,001	81,82	0,069 (0,04 ; 0,09)
Waist to height ratio^‡‡
Female	24	0,66 (0,07)	<0,001	88,71	0,13 (0,10 ; 0,16)
Male	21	0,61 (0,05)	<0,001	86,76	0,09 (0,06 ; 0,11)

VARIABLE	Pearson’s chi-square test
	SEX		p	AGE GROUP		p
	Male n (%)	Female n (%)	p	Adult n (%)	Elderly n (%)	p
Body mass index
Eutrophy	2 (50,0)	2 (50,0)		2 (50,0)	2 (50,0)
Overweight	11 (57,9)	8 (42,1)	0,383	14 (73,7)	5 (26,3)	0,383
Obesity	8 (36,4)	14 (63,6)		14 (81,8)	4 (18,2)
Waist circumference^{^* * Reference of 102cm for men and 88cm for women; †Reference of 1.25 for men and 1.36 for women; ‡Reference of 0.52 for men and 0.53 for women. Significance value (α=0.05).).}
Below the reference	13 (76,5)	4 (23,5)		13 (76,5)	4 (23,5)
			0,002			1,000
Equal to or greater than the reference	8 (28,6)	20 (71,4)		21 (75,0)	7 (25,0)
Conicity index^†
Below the reference	2 (11,1)	16 (88,9)		13 (72,2)	5 (27,8)
			<0,001			0,732
Equal to or greater than the reference	19 (70,4)	8 (29,6)		21 (77,8)	6 (22,2)
Razão cintura e estatura^‡
Below the reference	1 (100,0)	0 (0,0)		0 (0,0)	1 (100,0)
			0,467			0,244
Equal to or greater than the reference	20 (45,5)	24 (54,5)		34 (77,3)	10 (22,7)

Universidade Federal do Paraná Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Cep: 80210-170, Brasil - Paraná / Curitiba, Tel: +55 (41) 3361-3755 - Curitiba - PR - Brazil
E-mail: cogitare@ufpr.br

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[1] Associate editor: Dra. Luciana Nogueira

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LIVING CONDITIONS AND HEALTH OF KAINGANG INDIGENOUS PEOPLE WITH DIABETES* * Artigo extraído da dissertação do mestrado: “CONDIçõES DE VIDA E SAúDE DE INDíGENAS KAINGANG COM DIABETES MELLITUS”, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil, 2023.

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Method:

Results:

Conclusion:

HIGHLIGHTS

LIVING CONDITIONS AND HEALTH OF KAINGANG INDIGENOUS PEOPLE WITH DIABETES^* * Artigo extraído da dissertação do mestrado: “CONDIçõES DE VIDA E SAúDE DE INDíGENAS KAINGANG COM DIABETES MELLITUS”, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil, 2023.