Advances and perspectives in the propagation of mangabeira (<i>Hancornia speciosa</i> Gomes) - review on a tropical fruit tree with socioeconomic importance

Nascimento, Augusto Vinicius de Souza; Santos, Paulo Augusto Almeida; Muniz, Ana Veruska Cruz da Silva; Lédo, Ana da Silva

doi:10.1590/01047760202430013313

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

SILVICULTURE • CERNE 30 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202430013313 copy

Advances and perspectives in the propagation of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) - review on a tropical fruit tree with socioeconomic importance

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Background:

Hancornia speciosa is a species known for its medicinal and nutritional properties. Despite being a plant native to several regions of Brazil, some aspects of its production system are not yet well defined. Large-scale asexual propagation stands out, making it difficult to establish commercial orchards with materials with superior characteristics. In this context, this article aimed to investigate the scientific production related to the propagation and conservation of the mangabeira, using a mixed methodology of bibliometric analysis and literature review. The Scopus and Web of Science databases were consulted and the VOSviewer software was used to map the cooperation network between authors, institutions, and keywords.

Results:

The study included 72 articles and found a significant increase in scientific production on mangabeira propagation and conservation since 2009. Most studies focused on seed technology, seedling production, in vitro propagation and conservation, and cryopreservation. Additionally, it was observed that mangabeira seeds do not tolerate a reduction in moisture content, and the combination of materials for the composition of the substrate, such as coconut fiber, manure, and sand, can provide an adequate basis for developing seedlings. It was also observed that MS culture medium, complete or with half saline concentration, or WPM medium can be used for in vitro germination and initial seedling growth.

Conclusion:

Through this review, we concluded that the mangabeira presents substantial potential for the development of innovative propagation techniques, with a special focus on methods that facilitate the clonal propagation of the species, such as grafting, rooting cuttings, and micropropagation. It is expected that future research will expand knowledge about the in vitro and ex vitro propagation of this species, contributing to the expansion of commercial plantations with a focus on adding to the processing of its fruits.

Keywords:
Apocynaceae; germination; mangaba; micropropagation; native fruit.

HIGHLIGHTS

After 2009 there was an increase in studies on mangabeira propagation/conservation. A total of 72 scientific articles were identified and included in the review. The studies involving the vegetative propagation of mangabeira in broad are still scarce. Cloning by cuttings on a large scale may be a future trend.

Area	Main result	Reference
Germination	• H. speciosa seeds exhibited a higher germination rate when maintained at a temperature between 20-30 °C. • Seedling emergence took place between the 12th and 41st day, with an average emergence rate of 55.4% and an average emergence time of 22.64 days, though variations may exist among different populations. • The depth of sowing and the type of substrate influence the germination of mangabeira seeds. • Planting them 1 cm deep in Cerrado soil with up to 15% washed sand is recommended.	(Oliveira e Valio 1992OLIVEIRA, L. M. Q.; VALIO, I. F. M. Effects of moisture content on germination of seeds of Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae). Annals of Botany, v. 69, n. 1, p. 1-5, 1992. ; Vieira et al., 2015VIEIRA, C. do M.; NAVES, R. V.; SOUZA, R. B. de S. E.; et al. Emergência de plântulas de mangabeira provenientes de frutos coletados em diferentes localidades do Estado de Goiás. Comunicata Scientiae , v. 6, n. 1, p. 33-44, 2015. ; Oliveira et al., 2018OLIVEIRA, R. J. de; SILVA, J. E. C. da; CHAGAS, D. B. das. Morphology of fruits and seeds and germination and initial development analysis of Hancornia speciosa. Cerne, v. 24, n. 3, p. 269-279, 2018. ; Santos et al., 2021SANTOS, G. R. dos; FERREIRA, W. de M.; COIMBRA, R. R. Seed germination in natural populations of Hancornia speciosa. Diversitas Journal, v. 6, n. 1, p. 376-395, 2021. )
Storage	• Reducing the water content of seeds between 20% and 5% resulted in a decrease in their physiological potential. And natural drying in the laboratory hinders emergence after 48 hours. • H. speciosa seeds can be preserved for up to 50 days in preservative solutions developed for this purpose.	(Santos et al., 2010SANTOS, P. C. G. dos; ALVES, E. U.; GUEDES, R. S.; et al. Qualidade de sementes de Hancornia speciosa Gomes em função do tempo de secagem. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, v. 31, n. 2, p. 343, 2010. ; Masetto e Scalon, 2014MASETTO, T. E.; SCALON, S. de P. Q. Drying and Osmotic Conditioning in Hancornia speciosa Gomes Seeds. Floresta e Ambiente, v. 21, n. 1, p. 62-68, 2014. ; (Dresch et al., 2016DRESCH, D. M.; JEROMINI, T. S.; SCALON, S. de P. Q.; et al. Germination and desiccation of Hancornia speciosa Gomes seeds. Bioscience Journal, v. 32, n. 1, p. 496-504, 2016. ; Nunes et al. 2022NUNES, V. V.; SILVA-MANN, R.; SOUZA, J. L.; et al. Physiological and molecular changes in seeds of Hancornia speciosa Gomes stored in conservative solutions. Journal of Seed Science, v. 44, n. e202244018, 2022. c)
Processing	• Manual seed extraction resulted in higher physiological quality compared to mechanical extraction.	(Barros et al., 2006BARROS, D. I.; BRUNO, R. de L. A.; NUNES, H. V.; et al. Métodos de extração de sementes de mangaba visando à qualidade fisiológica. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 28, n. 1, p. 25-27, 2006. ; Nunes et al., 2021NUNES, V. V.; SILVA-MANN, R.; VASCONCELOS, M. C.; et al. Physical and physiological quality of mangaba seeds obtained by different processing methods. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, v. 25, n. 6, p. 429-435, 2021. )
Biometrics	• Biometric analyses of fruits and seeds revealed a significant phenotypic variability among different mangabeira accessions.	(Soares et al., 2019SOARES, A. N. R.; SILVA, A. V. C. da; MUNIZ, E. N.; et al. Biometry, Emergence and Initial Growth of Accessions and Mangaba Progenies. Journal of Agricultural Science, v. 11, n. 4, p. 436-448, 2019. )

Area	Main result	Reference
Substrate	• Plants grown in natural soil demonstrate better adaptation to the environment due to the reduction in diffusive resistance, promoting gas exchange during periods of greater evaporative demand. • To achieve maximum fertility, the recommended substrate composition is 46% vegetable soil, 39% coconut fiber, no manure, and 15% sand, with the addition of 11 g L^-1 of triple superphosphate. • For optimal growth and nutritional quality of mangabeira seedlings, the suggested substrate is 14% cattle manure, 56% vegetable soil, 15% coconut fiber, 15% sand, and 4 g dm-3 of triple superphosphate. • The best results for developing healthy, high-quality seedlings with good field survival were obtained with substrates D (bovine manure + Plantmax® + soil, in a ratio of 1:1:3) and E (bovine manure + soil, in a 2:3 ratio).	(Nogueira et al., 2003NOGUEIRA, R. J. M. C.; ALBUQUERQUE, M. B. de; SILVA JUNIOR, J. F. Efeito do substrato na emergência, crescimento e comportamento estomático em plântulas de mangabeira. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 25, n. 1, p. 15-18, 2003. ; Dias et al., 2007DIAS, T. J.; PEREIRA, W. E.; SOUSA, G. G. de. Fertilidade de substratos para mudas de mangabeira, contendo fibra de coco e adubados com fósforo. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, v. 29, n. 5, p. 649-658, 2007. ; Dias et al., 2009DIAS, T. J.; PEREIRA, W. E.; CAVALCANTE, L. F.; et al. Desenvolvimento e qualidade nutricional de mudas de mangabeiras cultivadas em substratos contendo fibra de coco e adubação fosfatada. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 31, n. 2, p. 512-523, 2009. ; Silva et al., 2009SILVA, E. A. da; MARUYAMA, W. I.; OLIVEIRA, A. C. de; et al. Efeito de diferentes substratos na produção de mudas de mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa). Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 31, n. 3, p. 925-929, 2009. ; Silva et al., 2011)SILVA, E. A. da; OLIVEIRA, A. C. de; MENDONÇA, V.; et al. Substratos na produção de mudas de mangabeira em tubetes. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, v. 41, n. 2, p. 279-285, 2011.
Environment	• Both black and aluminized screens are recommended to produce mangabeira seedlings. In addition, it is indicated to grow in shaded environments from 0% to 18%.	(Arrua et al., 2016ARRUA, L. L. C. de; COSTA, E.; BARDIVIESSO, E. M.; et al. Protected environments and substrates for mangabeira seedlings (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) production. Engenharia Agricola, v. 36, n. 6, p. 984-995, 2016. ; Lima et al., 2020LIMA, I. M. de O.; SALLES, J. S.; COSTA, E.; et al. Quality and growth of mangaba (Hancornia speciosa) seedlings according to the substrate and shading. Australian Journal of Crop Science, v. 14, n. 3, p. 531-536, 2020. )
Mycorrhizal Fungi	• Mangabeira seedlings exhibit a positive response to the presence of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere. • These fungi promote increased growth and enhanced phosphorus absorption in the aerial part, particularly in natural soil. This effect reduces the time required for transplanting seedlings from the nursery to the field. • Mangabeira is highly dependent on mycorrhizae, although the degree of dependence varies based on phosphorus and fungal inoculum levels.	(Costa et al., 2003COSTA, C. M. C.; CAVALCANTE, U. M. T.; LIMA JUNIOR, M. de L.; et al. Inoculum density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi needed to promote growth of Hancornia speciosa Gomes seedlings. Fruits, v. 58, n. 5, p. 247-254, 2003. ; Costa et al., 2005COSTA, C. M. C.; CAVALCANTE, U. M. T.; GOTO, B. T.; et al. Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e adubação fosfatada em mudas de mangabeira. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 40, n. 3, p. 225-232, 2005. ; Cardoso Filho et al., 2008CARDOSO FILHO, J. A.; LEMOS, E. E. P. de; SANTOS, T. M. C. dos; et al. Mycorrhizal dependency of mangaba tree under increasing phosphorus levels. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 43, n. 7, p. 887-892, 2008. ; Abreu et al., 2022ABREU, G. M.; PAIVA, H. N. DE; KASUYA, M. C. M.; et al. Soil of the parent plant and AMF mix improve Cerrado’s seedlings growth in forest nurseries. IForest, v. 15, p. 197-205, 2022. )
Nutrient Deficiency	• The omission of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur in the nutrient solution can negatively impact the characteristics of the seedlings.	(Bessa et al., 2012BESSA, L. A.; SILVA, F. G.; MOREIRA, M. A.; et al. Characterization of the effects of macronutrient deficiencies in mangabeira seedlings. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 34, n. 4, p. 1235-1244, 2012. , 2013BESSA, L. A.; SILVA, F. G.; MOREIRA, M. A.; TEODORO, J. P. R.; SOARES, F. A. L.. Characterization of nutrient deficiency in Hancornia speciosa Gomes seedlings by omitting micronutrients from the nutrient solution. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 35, n. 2, p. 616-624, 2013. )
Water deficit	During the water stress period, mangabeira seedlings adopt a main strategy of altering their growth pattern, with increased root depth and reduced shoot emission, to maintain tissue hydration and tolerate severe water deficits.	(Scalon et al., 2015SCALON, S. de P. Q.; KODAMA, F. M.; DRESCH, D. M.; et al. Gas exchange and photosynthetic activity in Hancornia speciosa Gomes seedlings under water deficit conditions and during rehydration. Bioscience Journal, v. 31, n. 4, p. 1124-1132, 2015. ; Silva et al., 2016SILVA, E. C. da; PRADO, T. B.; ALCÂNTARA, R. N. de; et al. Different levels of water deficit induces changes in growth pattern but not in chlorophyll fluorescence and water relations of Hancornia speciosa Gomes seedlings. Scientia Plena, v. 12, n. 2, 2016. )
Cuttings	• For mangabeira, survival values of 100% were observed in all treatments evaluated. In addition, root primordia were observed in the herbaceous cuttings. • Both herbaceous and woody stem cuttings presented total mortality and lack of rooting, independently of the high concentrations of IAB (indol butyric acid) and the origin of the cuttings.	(Vieira et al., 2020VIEIRA, M. do C.; SOUZA, J. L. da C.; SILVA, G. D. da; ET al. 2.4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and sucrose in rhizogenesis maintenance and induction in cuttings of cagaita and mangabeira from cerrado. Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais, v. 11, n. 2, p. 118-127, 2020.; Soares et al., 2020SOARES, F. S.; LUZ, P. B. da; ROCHA, V. L. P.; et al. Aspectos anatômicos de impedimentos ao enraizamento em estacas caulinares de mangabeira. Acta Iguazu, v. 9, n. 1, p. 82-89, 2020. )
Others	• The average survival rate of mangabeira in intercropping with cassava was 98%. • The average monthly growth rate of mangabeira varied from 0.1 cm to 6.1 cm, resulting in a final average growth rate of 2.19 cm. • Exogenous application of aluminum can directly affect seed embryos, preventing seedling establishment. • Regardless of the subspecies, the mangabeira presents limitations for establishment in the field, and seedling transplantation is recommended at 90 days of age. • The application of gibberellins offers a practical method for nursery production of H. speciosa seedlings for field planting.	(Caldas et al., 2009CALDAS, L. S.; MACHADO, L. L. DE; CALDAS, S. C.; et al. Growth-active gibberellins overcome the very slow shoot growth of Hancornia speciosa, an important fruit tree from the Brazilian “Cerrado”. Trees - Structure and Function, v. 23, n. 6, p. 1229-1235, 2009. ; (Martinotto et al., 2012MARTINOTTO, F.; MARTINOTTO, C.; COELHO, M. de F. B.; et al. Sobrevivência e crescimento inicial de espécies arbóreas nativas do Cerrado em consórcio com mandioca. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 47, n. 1, p. 22-29, 2012. ; Vieira et al. 2013VIEIRA, C. do M.; REGINA, E.; SOUZA, B.; et al. Desenvolvimento de mudas de mangabeira provenientes de frutos de diferentes localidades do Estado de Goiás. Revista de Ciências Agrárias, v. 36, n. 3, p. 363-371, 2013.; Rodrigues et al., 2017RODRIGUES, A. A.; VASCONCELOS-FILHO, S. C.; RODRIGUES, C. L.; et al. Aluminum influence on Hancornia speciosa seedling emergence, nutrient accumulation, growth and root anatomy. Flora, v. 236-237, p. 9-14, 2017. ; Santos et al., 2018SANTOS, M. P. dos; SIQUEIRA, A. P. S.; GARCIA, L. G. C.; et al. Survival and establishment in the field of mangaba seedlings transplanted at different ages. Comunicata Scientiae, v. 9, n. 1, p. 102-107, 2018. )

Area	Main result	Reference
In vitro germination	• Treatment of mangabeira seeds with 0.1 mg L^-1 of gibberellic acid promotes in vitro germination. • The MS culture medium with half the saline concentration and 2.0 g L^-1 of activated charcoal resulted in 100% germination and robust development of both the aerial part and root system. • The highest percentage of in vitro germination for mangabeira seeds was achieved in WPM and ½ MS culture media, supplemented with 15.0 g L^-1 of sucrose, 0.2 mg L^-1 of GA₃, and pH adjusted to 5.8. • Mangabeira seeds exhibited the best germination rates when inoculated in a liquid medium either without sucrose or with 15.0 g L^-1 of sucrose. • Media containing vermiculite and its combinations, such as vermiculite + sand (T3), vermiculite + water (T1), and vermiculite + sand (T2), positively influenced the in vitro germination of H. speciosa. • Natural drying of H. speciosa Gomes var. gardneri can be conducted up to 106 hours after fruit extraction (36.8% water content) without adversely affecting the in vitro germination rate.	(Pinheiro et al., 2001PINHEIRO, C. S. R.; MEDEIROS, D. N. de; MACÊDO, C. E. C. de; et al. Germinação in vitro de mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa gomes) em diferentes meios de cultura. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 23, n. 2, p. 413-416, 2001. ; Lédo et al., 2007LÉDO, A. da.; SECA, G. S. V.; BARBOZA, S. B. S. C.; et al. Crescimento inicial de mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) em diferentes meios de germinação in vitro. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, v. 31, n. 4, p. 989-993, 2007. ; Soares et al., 2009SOARES, F. P.; PAIVA, R.; STEIN, V. C.; et al. Efeito de meios de cultura, concentrações de GA3 e pH sobre a germinação in vitro de mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes). Ciência e Agrotecnologia, v. 33, n. spe, p. 1847-1852, 2009. ; Cabral et al., 2014CABRAL, J. S. R.; ALBERTO, P. S.; PEREIRA, F. D.; et al. In vitro Cultivation of Hancornia speciosa Gomes: The physical constitution of the culture medium, sucrose concentrations, and growth conditions. Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology, v. 23, n. 2, p. 177-187, 2014. ; Oliveira et al., 2014OLIVEIRA, K. S. de; OLIVEIRA, M. da S.; PEREIRA, E. C.; et al. Efeito de diferentes meios de cultura na germinação in vitro de sementes de mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes). Revista Árvore, v. 38, n. 4, p. 601-607, 2014. ; Santos et al., 2017SANTOS, M. P. dos; RENATA, A. de A.; DANIEL, C. B.; et al. Effect of seed desiccation and sucrose concentration on the in vitro establishment of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes var. gardneri) seedlings. African Journal of Agricultural Research, v. 12, n. 5, p. 348-353, 2017. )
Micropropagation	• The use of developing axillary buds released by 1-methylcyclopropene is a promising method to increase the in vitro multiplication potential of H. speciosa. • H. speciosa can be propagated vegetatively by multiplying stem apices and nodal segments on MS medium supplemented with 4 μM BA and 2.5 μM IBA. • Concentrations of 1.0 or 2.0 mg L^-1 of BAP made it possible to obtain more developed shoots. • The WPM medium, supplemented with 2.0 mg L^-1 of BAP, in the multiplication phase, induces the best organogenic responses in the cultivation of mangabeira stem segments. • In the establishment phase, the adventitious shoots regenerated in bottles sealed with Para-film® and PVC film showed a greater number of nodes and sprouts. • Micropropagation of H. speciosa did not influence the occurrence of somaclonal variation.	(Pereira-Netto, 1996PEREIRA-NETTO, A. B. In vitro propagation of Hancornia speciosa, a tropical fruit tree. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, v. 32, n. 4, p. 253-256, 1996. ; Pereira-Netto, 2001PEREIRA-NETTO, A. B. Effect of inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction pathway on the multiplication of in vitro-grown Hancornia speciosa. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, v. 66, n. 1, p. 1-7, 2001.; Machado et al., 2004MACHADO, L. de L.; RAMOS, M. L. G.; CALDAS, L. S.; et al. Seleção de matrizes e clones de mangabeira para o cultivo in vitro. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 39, n. 5, p. 431-435, 2004. ; Soares et al., 2011SOARES, F. P.; PAIVA, R.; ALVARENGA, A. A. de; et al. Taxa de multiplicação e efeito residual de diferentes fontes de citocinina no cultivo in vitro de Hancornia speciosa Gomes. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, v. 35, n. 1, p. 152-157, 2011. ; Sá et al., 2012SÁ, A. de J.; LÉDO, A. da S.; LÉDO, C. A. da S.; et al. Sealing and explant types on the mangaba micropropagation. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, v. 36, n. 4, p. 406-414, 2012. ; Oliveira et al. 2016OLIVEIRA, K. S. de; FREIRE, F. A. de M.; ALOUFA, M. A. I. Efeito de 6-benzilaminopurina e ácido naftalenoacético sobre a propagação in vitro de Hancornia speciosa Gomes. Floresta, v. 46, n. 3, p. 335-342, 2016. ; Vieira et al., 2018VIEIRA, M. C.; OLIVIERA, R. M.; FRANÇA, J. B. A.; et al. In vitro morphogenesis of different mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) varieties from the savanna of the Goiás. Scientific Electronic Archives, v. 11, n. 5, p. 82-88, 2018. ; Cabral et al., 2018CABRAL, J.; PEREIRA, F. D.; SILVA, F. G. In vitro inoculation of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in seedlings of Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes). Ecology Environment and Conservation, v. 24, n. 3, p. 1442-1450, 2018.; Costa et al., 2022COSTA, G. F. da; CABRAL, P. D. S.; SILVA, F. G.; et al. Clonal fidelity and genetic diversity of micropropagated Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae) as Evaluated by Molecular Markers. Forests, v. 13, n. 10, p. 1645, 2022. )
Growth in vitro	• Gibberellins (GAs) A1, A3, A4, and A7, all 3β-hydroxylated GAs, active in growth, significantly inhibited shoot elongation and knot formation in H. speciosa grown in vitro. • Temperature-induced lateral branch elongation in H. speciosa is related to altered ethylene dynamics. A high growth temperature (35 °C) leads to reduced ethylene evolution and increased lateral branching. • Among the different concentrations of sugars analyzed, sucrose and 3% glucose (30 g L^-1) improved the accumulation of fresh and dry mass. • The methodology used in this study was able to adequately measure photosynthetic responses in H. speciosa seedlings grown in vitro, indicating a relative functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus of these species under the conditions of this study and exhibiting substantial rates of CO₂ assimilation under high levels of irradiance.	(Pereira-Netto e McCown, 1999PEREIRA-NETTO, A. B. de; MCCOWN, B. H. Thermally induced changes in shoot morphology of Hancornia speciosa microcultures: evidence of mediation by ethylene. Tree Physiology, v. 19, n. 11, p. 733-740, 1999. ; Pereira-Netto et al., 2003PEREIRA-NETTO, A.; MCCOWN, B.; PHARIS, R. Inhibition of growth of microcultured Hancornia speciosa shoots by 3β-hydroxylated gibberellins and one of their C-3 deoxy precursors. Plant Cell Reports, v. 21, n. 5, p. 491-496, 2003. ; Costa et al., 2014COSTA, A. C.; ROSA, M.; MEGGUER, C. A.; et al. A reliable methodology for assessing the in vitro photosynthetic competence of two Brazilian savanna species: Hyptis marrubioides and Hancornia speciosa. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, v. 117, n. 3, p. 443-454, 2014. ; Dantas et al., 2021DANTAS, L. A.; FARIA, P. S. A.; DÁRIO, B. M. M.; et al. The impact of carbon source on cell growth and the production of bioactive compounds in cell suspensions of Hancornia speciosa Gomes. Scientific Reports, v. 11, n. 1, 2021. )
Rooting/ Acclimatization	• During the acclimation phase, mangabeira seedlings showed better growth of the aerial part, a higher number of leaves, and a higher number of nodes when grown on substrates composed of a mixture of sand and dry coconut shell powder (1:1) or vermiculite and sand (1:1). • H. speciosa can be rooted in vitro in WPM medium supplied with the combination of 4.92 µM ANA and 4.92 µM IBA. • H. speciosa plants from indirect organogenesis rooted in vitro can be acclimatized, showing 100% survival.	(Freire et al., 2011FREIRE, K. C. S.; COELHO, G. G.; RUSSO, S. L.; SILVA, A. V. C.; LÉDO, A. S.; SÁ, A. J.; MACHADO, C. A. Germinação in vitro de embriões zigóticos e aclimatação de plântulas de mangaba oriundas da cultura de embrião (Hancornia speciosa Gomes). Scientia Plena , v. 7, n. 11, p. 1-7, 2011. ; Prudente et al., 2016PRUDENTE, D. de O.; PAIVA, R.; NERY, F. C.; et al. Indirect in vitro organogenesis of Hancornia speciosa Gomes. Bioscience Journal, v. 32, n. 3, p. 721-729, 2016. )
Callogenesis	• The exogenous application of polyamines in H. speciosa does not promote an increase in callus growth. • The largest callus mass was observed in the BI accession, in the presence of 22.62 µM of 2,4-D and 11.10 µM of BA.	(Fráguas et al., 2009FRÁGUAS, C. B.; VILLA, F.; LIMA, G. P. P. Avaliação da aplicação exógena de poliaminas no crescimento de calos de mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes). Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 31, n. 4, p. 1206-1210, 2009. ; Lédo et al., 2023LÉDO, A. S.; MACHADO, C. A.; OLIVEIRA, A. C. A.; et al. Callogenesis and Morphohistological Characterization of Hancornia speciosa Gomes. Colombia Forestal, v. 26, n. 2, p. 5-14, 2023.)

Area	Main result	Reference
In vitro conservation	• Greater proline accumulation occurs in stem segments of mangabeira adventitious shoots cultivated in vitro. Increasing sorbitol concentration does not induce an increase in proline synthesis in mangabeira stem and leaf segments. • For medium-term conservation of mangabeira native to the Brazilian Cerrado, it is possible to use the slow growth technique for up to 90 days in WPM medium at 20 °C. • The in vitro conservation of H. speciosa microplants under slow growth conditions for 120 days is feasible in MS medium supplemented with 15 g L^-1 of sucrose and 5 g L^-1 of sorbitol. • The best results for plant conservation are obtained by adding 30 g L^-1 of sucrose to the cultivation medium and carrying out in vitro conservation for up to 90 days.	(Santos et al., 2011SANTOS, M. da C.; LÉDO, A. da S.; LÉDO, C. A. da S.; et al. Efeito da sacarose e do sorbitol na conservação in vitro de segmentos nodais de mangabeira. Revista Ciência Agronômica, v. 42, n. 3, p. 735-741, 2011. ; Santos et al., 2016SANTOS, M. D. C.; CARDOSO, B. T.; GOMES-COPELAND, K. K. P.; et al. Teor de prolina em brotações adventícias de mangabeira cultivadas in vitro sob condições de crescimento lento. Scientia Plena, v. 12, n. 12, 2016. ; Pires et al., 2020PIRES, D. C. M.; TRENTO, S. de M.; PAULA, M. S. P. de; et al. In vitro conservation of mangaba native to Brazilian Cerrado. Plant Cell Culture & Micropropagation, v. 15, n. 2, p. 33-39, 2020. ; Oliveira & Aloufa, 2022OLIVEIRA, K. S. de; ALOUFA, M. A. I. Slow growth in vitro culture for conservation of Hancornia speciosa Gomes. FLORESTA, v. 52, n. 1, p. 007, 2022. ; Pires et al., 2022PIRES, D. C. M.; ASMAR, S. A.; LUZ, J. M. Q.; et al. In vitro conservation of mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes): An important fruit tree of Brazilian Cerrado. Australian Journal of Crop Science, v. 16, n. 9, p. 1084-1093, 2022. )
Cryopreservation	• Cryopreservation of H. speciosa stems can be successfully conducted after loading for at least 20 minutes before PVS2 treatment. The BA × ANA combination promotes greater regeneration of H. speciosa shoot tips. • Encapsulation-vitrification proves efficient for long-term conservation, yielding high survival rates following the cryopreservation of H. speciosa lateral buds. Sodium alginate capsules with 0.2 µM BAP enhance regeneration, resulting in longer shoots and a greater number of leaves. • The oxidative stress induced by cryopreservation is significantly reduced by pre-cultivating lateral buds in 0.1 M proline for 24 hours, promoting greater shoot regeneration. • Encapsulation-vitrification remains efficient for long-term conservation, ensuring high survival rates after cryopreservation of H. speciosa lateral buds. • The desiccation technique does not support the survival and regeneration of mangabeira zygotic embryos after cryopreservation. • Successful cryopreservation of various mangabeira accessions was achieved using the droplet vitrification technique with different exposure times to PVS2.	(Lédo et al., 2011LÉDO, A. S.; SÁ, A. J.; SILVA JUNIOR, J. F.; et al. Acta Horticulturae, n. 918, p. 177-182, 2011. ; Sá et al., 2011SÁ, A. de J.; LÉDO, A. da S.; LÉDO, C. A. da S. Conservação in vitro de mangabeira da região nordeste do Brasil. Ciência Rural, v. 41, n. 1, p. 57-62, 2011. ; Prudente et al., 2014PRUDENTE, D. D. O.; PAIVA, R.; NERY, F. C.; et al. Criopreservação de gemas laterais de mangabeira: o papel da prolina. Revista Saúde e Ciência, v. 3, n. 3, p. 86-93, 2014.; Santos et al., 2015SANTOS, P. A. A.; PAIVA, R.; SILVA, L. C.; et al. Effect of load solution and growth media on cryopreservation by droplet vitrification of Hancornia speciose shoot tips. Acta Horticulturae, n. 1083, p. 507-512, 2015. ; Santos et al., 2015SANTOS, P. A. A.; PAIVA, R.; SILVA, L. C.; et al. Cryopreservation of the mangaba tree (Hancornia speciosa Gomes): A protocol for long-term storage. Acta Scientiarum - Agronomy, v. 37, n. 3, p. 289-296, 2015. ; Prudente et al., 2017PRUDENTE, D. de O.; PAIVA, R.; NERY, F. C.; et al. Behavior of lateral buds of Hancornia speciosa after cryopreservation by encapsulation-vitrification. Acta Scientiarum - Biological Sciences, v. 39, n. 1, p. 87-93, 2017. ; Prudente et al., 2017PRUDENTE, D. de O.; PAIVA, R.; NERY, F. C.; et al. Compatible solutes improve regrowth, ameliorate enzymatic antioxidant systems, and reduce lipid peroxidation of cryopreserved Hancornia speciosa Gomes lateral buds. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology - Plant, v. 53, n. 4, p. 352-362, 2017. ; Santana et al., 2018SANTANA, F. V.; OLIVEIRA, A. C. A. de; OLIVEIRA, L. A. R. de; et al. Effect of desiccation time on seed moisture and regeneration of mangaba (Hancornia speciosa) embryos. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, v. 28, n. 1, p. 1-10, 2018. ; Santana et al., 2022SANTANA, F. V.; OLIVEIRA, L. A. R. de; SANTOS, P. A. A.; et al. Effects of droplet vitrification on the regeneration of apical shoot tips of mangabeira accessions. Research, Society and Development, v. 11, n. 17, p. e38111738734, 2022. )

UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras Universidade Federal de Lavras - Departamento de Ciências Florestais - Cx. P. 3037, 37200-000 Lavras - MG Brasil, Tel.: (55 35) 3829-1706, Fax: (55 35) 3829-1411 - Lavras - MG - Brazil
E-mail: cerne@dcf.ufla.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] ^✤Corresponding author: augustovinicius11@gmail.com