Acuña, Eduardo; Cancino, Jorge; Rubilar, Rafael; Parra, Carolina

doi:10.1590/01047760201723012278

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Articles • CERNE 23 (1) • Jan-Mar 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760201723012278 copiar

POTENCIAL DE BIOETANOL DE CULTURAS LENHOSAS CONDUZIDAS EM ALTA DENSIDADE E CURTA ROTAÇÃO EM TERRAS MARGINAIS NO CHILE CENTRAL

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Etanol celulósico é um dos mais importantes produtos biotecnológicos para reduzir o consumo de combustíveis fósseis e a aumentar a utilização de recursos renováveis para combustíveis e produtos químicos. Culturas lenhosas de curta rotação (CLCR) têm sido propostas como a mais promissora matéria prima para produção de etanol celulósico, devido às suas várias vantagens sobre culturas tradicionais. Para analisar o potencial de culturas para produção de bioetanol lignocelulósicos no Chile, CLCR foram estabelecidos com as seguintes espécies: Acacia melanoxylon, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus globulus e Eucalyptus nitens. Estas culturas foram estabelecidas em dois ambientes contrastantes e em três densidades de plantio. O rendimento teórico médio de etanol em 48 meses atingiu 395,9 L.t^-1 para A. melanoxylon, 348,7 L.t^-1 para E. camaldulensis e 363,9 L.t^-1 para E. nitens. Foi concluído que existem diferenças significativas no rendimento de polissacarídeos entre as espécies e o tempo. Por outro lado, foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre ambientes. Em conclusão, este estudo mostrou que a escolha da espécie usada na CLCR como fonte de polissacarídeos deve levar em conta sua percentagem na biomassa e, crucialmente, a espécie, densidade de plantio, ciclo de colheita e sítio devem ser cuidadosamente selecionados para garantir um rendimento elevado de biomassa por unidade de área.

Palavras chave:
Bioenergia; Bioetanol; culturas de curta rotação; Acacia sp.; Eucalyptus spp

UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras Universidade Federal de Lavras - Departamento de Ciências Florestais - Cx. P. 3037, 37200-000 Lavras - MG Brasil, Tel.: (55 35) 3829-1706, Fax: (55 35) 3829-1411 - Lavras - MG - Brazil
E-mail: cerne@dcf.ufla.br

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Biomass	% dry basis				% dry wood basis
Biomass	Glucans	Hemicelluloses	Acethyl	Lignin	Acetone-ethanol extractives	Ash	Solid yield	Glucose Yield EH 48 h	Ethanol Yield SSF 72 h
E. globulus	39.8±0.3	16.5±0.5	3.7±0.2	25.5±0.06	1.9±0,05	2.0±0.0	-	-	-
E. globulus ¹	54.0±0.3	3.7±0.0	-	35.5±0.3	-	-	71.1	80.8±0.4	88.1±0.4
E. globulus ²	54.1±0.5	5.1±0.0	-	32.4±0.2	-	-	73.8	82.4±0.6	87.5±0.6
E. globulus ³	54.1±0.3	4.4±0.1	-	35.6±0.3	-	-	68.4	83.9±0.4	85.1±0.4

Month	Species	Density	Percentage					% p/p theoretical bioethanol 90% efficiency
Month	Species	Density	Extractable		Total lignin		Glucan		Polyoses*		Acetyl
11	A. melanoxylon	5,000	5.88	±0.89	26.35	±0.60	41.75	±2.30	15.90	±2.40	3.80	±0.00	21.29	±1.30
11	A. melanoxylon	7,500	6.70	±0.49	27.65	±0.83	39.87	±0.99	15.47	±3.00	3.50	±3.23	20.33	±0.56
11	A. melanoxylon	10,000	6.09	±0.16	25.97	±1.03	38.73	±4.33	15.07	±2.77	2.07	±5.67	19.75	±2.46
11	E. camaldulensis	5,000	5.62	±0.55	26.95	±0.47	36.40	±3.50	17.13	±1.73	3.80	±4.37	18.56	±1.98
11	E. camaldulensis	7,500	4.52	±0.24	28.03	±0.52	36.87	±2.12	13.77	±3.20	3.13	±2.63	18.80	±1.20
11	E. camaldulensis	10,000	5.12	±0.41	26.90	±0.63	38.70	±1.27	16.37	±7.20	2.00	±3.40	19.74	±0.72
11	E. nitens	5,000	7.87	±0.62	26.60	±0.20	34.60	±3.70	18.43	±2.57	3.53	±4.30	17.65	±2.10
11	E. nitens	7,500	7.95	±0.65	26.95	±0.67	30.73	±3.43	17.63	±5.63	2.47	±0.73	15.67	±1.95
11	E. nitens	10,000	7.71	±0.64	26.60	±0.45	32.90	±2.35	18.90	±3.55	4.35	±3.95	16.78	±1.33
23	A. melanoxylon	5,000	4.15	±0.64	21.43	±2.63	38.20	±6.33	22.80	±6.43	3.47	±4.63	19.48	±3.59
23	A. melanoxylon	7,500	4.10	±0.44	21.37	±2.00	39.40	±2.60	24.33	±3.43	3.50	±2.90	20.09	±1.47
23	A. melanoxylon	10,000	4.55	±0.35	22.07	±1.33	38.70	±1.07	23.23	±0.97	3.47	±2.07	19.74	±0.60
23	E. camaldulensis	5,000	4.25	±0.21	26.07	±1.77	37.50	±1.10	23.13	±1.70	3.10	±1.63	19.13	±0.62
23	E. camaldulensis	7,500	5.03	±0.50	25.70	±2.37	40.00	±1.23	23.27	±1.23	3.20	±1.47	20.40	±0.70
23	E. camaldulensis	10,000	4.10	±0.14	26.43	±1.40	38.80	±0.67	25.43	±0.80	3.30	±0.83	19.79	±0.38
23	E. nitens	5,000	3.27	±0.50	26.00	±1.73	37.80	±0.57	28.83	±2.20	3.97	±0.83	19.28	±0.32
23	E. nitens	7,500	2.25	±0.21	25.70	±2.43	36.87	±1.67	29.30	±1.33	4.20	±2.10	18.80	±0.94
23	E. nitens	10,000	2.90	±0.57	25.93	±2.37	36.90	±1.30	29.57	±6.87	4.00	±2.53	18.82	±0.74
36	A. melanoxylon	5,000	5.30	±0.71	22.33	±1.90	39.67	±1.10	18.87	±4.28	3.53	±4.83	20.23	±0.62
36	A. melanoxylon	7,500	5.30	±0.57	20.73	±1.63	42.30	±1.60	17.40	±4.70	3.33	±3.90	21.57	±0.91
36	A. melanoxylon	10,000	5.84	±0.83	21.73	±0.83	39.57	±1.20	18.67	±6.45	3.47	±4.87	20.18	±0.68
36	E. camaldulensis	5,000	6.55	±0.92	27.03	±2.50	38.87	±0.70	15.57	±4.47	4.17	±2.03	19.82	±0.40
36	E. camaldulensis	7,500	6.00	±0.53	28.20	±0.77	37.77	±0.90	15.57	±5.27	3.03	±2.13	19.26	±0.51
36	E. camaldulensis	10,000	6.20	±0.85	26.80	±2.60	38.30	±0.27	15.50	±2.90	3.53	±0.70	19.53	±0.15
36	E. nitens	5,000	7.00	±0.36	26.53	±1.40	37.83	±1.17	20.17	±5.92	5.30	±5.17	19.30	±0.66
36	E. nitens	7,500	4.57	±0.47	28.27	±0.47	36.37	±0.60	19.60	±3.92	4.93	±1.53	18.55	±0.34
36	E. nitens	10,000	5.65	±0.84	25.87	±1.43	35.50	±3.03	21.03	±4.20	5.03	±5.13	18.11	±1.72
48	A. melanoxylon	5,000	5.65	±0.36	23.62	±1.13	41.35	±0.47	19.16	±1.01	3.93	±1.35	21.09	±0.27
48	A. melanoxylon	7,500	5.78	±0.68	23.74	±3.24	44.04	±3.80	19.32	±2.37	3.72	±2.94	22.46	±2.16
48	A. melanoxylon	10,000	5.98	±0.79	20.88	±1.13	42.84	±1.44	17.60	±1.85	3.50	±2.11	21.85	±0.82
48	E. camaldulensis	5,000	6.76	±0.83	31.57	±1.35	41.90	±1.35	15.74	±2.85	3.36	±5.37	21.37	±0.76
48	E. camaldulensis	7,500	6.45	±0.73	28.78	±1.98	42.68	±1.32	15.51	±3.74	3.13	±7.70	21.77	±0.75
48	E. camaldulensis	10,000	6.15	±0.75	30.36	±1.43	37.16	±2.06	16.73	±2.88	3.58	±4.51	18.95	±1.17
48	E. nitens	5,000	6.33	±0.66	26.76	±0.96	40.78	±2.64	19.60	±3.45	4.43	±4.92	20.80	±1.50
48	E. nitens	7,500	5.74	±0.46	29.39	±1.23	38.43	±0.82	18.36	±2.04	2.85	±6.14	19.60	±0.47
48	E. nitens	10,000	5.78	±0.56	27.52	±1.38	37.79	±2.74	19.38	±2.81	4.45	±5.00	19.27	±1.55

Month	Species	Density	Percentage					% p/p theoretical bioethanol 90% efficiency
Month	Species	Density	Extractable			Total lignin			Glucan		Polyoses*			Acetyl
11	A. melanoxylon	5,000	6.54	±0.23	28.15	±0.95	31.6	±1.30	16.85	±3.80	3.84	±5.85	16.12	±0.74
11	A. melanoxylon	7,500	0	±0.00	0	±0.00	0	±0.00	0	±0.00	0	±0.00	0	±0.00
11	A. melanoxylon	10,000	0	±0.00	0	±0.00	0	±0.00	0	±0.00	0	±0.00	0	±0.00
11	E. globulus	5,000	4.60	±0.44	27.70	±0.77	28.47	±0.67	17.13	±2.23	3.74	±3.33	14.52	±0.38
11	E. globulus	7,500	5.10	±0.20	27.80	±1.03	27.53	±0.67	17.97	±1.97	3.79	±2.40	14.04	±0.38
11	E. globulus	10,000	5.25	±0.07	27.55	±1.65	29.70	±1.30	17.35	±1.15	3.76	±3.15	15.15	±0.74
11	E. nitens	5,000	5.80	±0.2	29.67	±0.42	25.87	±1.87	17.40	±1.33	3.65	±2.07	13.19	±1.06
11	E. nitens	7,500	5.55	±0.64	29.67	±1.50	25.17	±1.57	17.67	±0.60	3.74	±4.47	12.84	±0.89
11	E. nitens	10,000	6.10	±0.28	28.67	±1.10	27.03	±1.37	17.20	±0.77	3.83	±1.95	13.79	±0.77
23	A. melanoxylon	5,000	4.45	±0.21	22.13	±1.27	38.17	±1.00	23.07	±0.87	3.50	±1.10	19.47	±0.57
23	A. melanoxylon	7,500	4.75	±0.64	22.30	±2.43	37.67	±0.80	20.57	±1.83	3.53	±1.70	19.21	±0.45
23	A. melanoxylon	10,000	3.95	±1.06	21.80	±2.23	42.87	±1.43	22.03	±1.83	3.50	±1.63	21.86	±0.81
23	E. globulus	5,000	3.90	±0.36	26.00	±1.47	35.70	±0.83	23.03	±2.47	4.07	±3.27	18.21	±0.47
23	E. globulus	7,500	5.33	±0.67	26.10	±1.77	31.80	±1.90	20.83	±1.87	3.97	±1.70	16.22	±1.08
23	E. globulus	10,000	3.21	±0.23	26.87	±1.30	32.93	±1.40	19.90	±3.10	4.20	±1.43	16.80	±0.79
23	E. nitens	5,000	3.40	±0.46	27.10	±1.40	37.23	±0.40	25.03	±2.47	4.13	±1.60	18.99	±0.23
23	E. nitens	7,500	3.37	±0.59	26.37	±1.43	35.90	±0.47	22.50	±1.57	4.10	±1.33	18.31	±0.26
23	E. nitens	10,000	5.20	±0.99	26.43	±1.77	32.70	±0.83	22.10	±2.10	4.30	±3.30	16.68	±0.47
36	A. melanoxylon	5,000	7.70	±0.28	21.17	±1.83	36.93	±1.13	17.40	±2.40	3.37	±3.13	18.84	±0.64
36	A. melanoxylon	7,500	6.25	±0.64	21.67	±2.43	37.20	±0.57	18.23	±2.52	3.50	±1.03	18.97	±0.32
36	A. melanoxylon	10,000	7.80	±0.84	21.37	±2.47	34.33	±1.50	18.00	±3.70	3.30	±4.03	17.51	±0.85
36	E. globulus	5,000	5.50	±0.99	28.33	±1.03	35.53	±1.73	19.10	±2.90	4.33	±3.63	18.12	±0.98
36	E. globulus	7,500	5.65	±0.49	28.70	±1.20	36.43	±0.90	19.27	±5.15	4.00	±5.80	18.58	±0.51
36	E. globulus	10,000	4.15	±0.28	26.33	±1.60	38.57	±1.27	19.00	±2.92	5.43	±6.47	19.67	±0.72
36	E. nitens	5,000	5.20	±0.23	27.50	±2.13	36.03	±0.93	19.87	±3.57	5.70	±3.90	18.38	±0.53
36	E. nitens	7,500	4.70	±0.47	29.33	±1.07	36.40	±1.60	19.53	±4.48	5.50	±6.87	18.56	±0.91
36	E. nitens	10,000	4.85	±0.21	25.60	±1.73	36.63	±0.53	20.57	±3.88	5.77	±6.53	18.68	±0.30
48	A. melanoxylon	5,000	6.70	±0.38	22.89	±0.81	39.53	±1.23	19.12	±1.15	3.64	±1.80	20.16	±0.70
48	A. melanoxylon	7,500	6.35	±0.54	24.43	±2.32	39.53	±0.92	19.14	±0.94	3.69	±2.63	20.16	±0.52
48	A. melanoxylon	10,000	5.80	±0.68	22.97	±1.47	39.62	±3.48	18.94	±0.69	3.63	±1.75	20.20	±1.97
48	E. globulus	5,000	5.45	±0.65	28.44	±1.34	34.90	±1.89	17.45	±1.87	3.63	±3.07	17.80	±1.07
48	E. globulus	7,500	5.85	±0.78	29.23	±0.80	35.30	±0.88	17.64	±1.05	3.77	±3.11	18.00	±0.50
48	E. globulus	10,000	5.15	±0.56	28.74	±1.44	36.01	±0.28	18.39	±0.84	3.91	±0.60	18.36	±0.16
48	E. nitens	5,000	5.44	±0.33	29.56	±1.84	35.21	±0.71	18.36	±0.80	4.13	±2.12	17.96	±0.40
48	E. nitens	7,500	4.89	±0.39	28.01	±1.71	35.26	±0.96	17.70	±1.59	3.90	±1.46	17.98	±0.54
48	E. nitens	10,000	4.44	±0.35	29.40	±0.59	34.28	±2.58	18.15	±2.08	3.95	±3.24	17.48	±1.46

Environment/effect	Number DF	Density DF	Pr > F
Environment/effect	Number DF	Density DF	Extractable	Total lignin	Glucan	Polyoses	Acetyl
Llohué:
Species	2	69	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0206	<0.0001	<0.0001
Density	2	69	0.1457	0.1670	0.1630	0.3376	0.1685
Time	3	69	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0485	<0.0001
Species × Density	4	69	0.5808	0.3988	0.2076	0.5010	0.3917
Species × Time	6	69	<0.0001	0.0723	0.0022	0.2099	0.0699
Density × Time	6	69	0.4603	0.3064	0.4343	0.6304	0.3155
Species × Density × Time	12	69	0.1812	0.8048	0.5687	0.6765	0.8134
Santa Rosa:
Species	2	63	0.0839	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.1725	<0.0001
Density	2	63	0.4099	0.1066	0.3650	0.9179	0.3300
Time	3	63	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0075
Species × Density	4	63	0.0099	0.9469	0.4828	0.8638	0.2866
Species × Time	6	63	<0.0001	0.0332	0.0005	0.0015	<0.0001
Density × Time	6	63	0.8308	0.4920	0.4018	0.1765	0.9777
Species × Density × Time	10	63	0.1264	0.6793	0.2797	0.7854	0.9535