IMPACTS OF THE INVASION BY <i>Cryptostegia madagascariensis</i> Bojer ex Decne. (Apocynaceae Juss.) IN THE REMNANT OF CAATINGA IN THE TOWN OF IBARETAMA, CEARÁ STATE, BRASIL

Sousa, Flaubert Queiroga de; Andrade, Leonaldo Alves de; Xavier, Klerton Rodrigues Forte; Silva, Patrícia Cândido da Cruz; Albuquerque, Manoel Bandeira de

doi:10.5902/1980509830312

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Artigos • Ciênc. Florest. 27 (04) • Oct-Dec 2017 • https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509830312 copy

IMPACTS OF THE INVASION BY Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Decne. (Apocynaceae Juss.) IN THE REMNANT OF CAATINGA IN THE TOWN OF IBARETAMA, CEARÁ STATE, BRASIL

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Decne. is a shrubby species capable of forming populational massifs in several niches of caatinga and its related ecosystems, especially in the most humid sites, that may change the characteristics of native vegetation, triggering the disappearance of autochthonous species. This study aimed to identify the impacts caused by the invader on the floristic composition and the structure of the shrub-arboreal component. Three areas of investigation were selected, they were termed by: Ambience I - area with a high intensity of invasion, Ambience II - the transition area between I and III (medium intensity), and Ambience III - area with a low intensity of invasion. For the inventory of those areas, it was used the point-centered sampling method (Quarter Method), considering adults those plants that presented the diameter at ground level (DGL) greater than or equal to 3 cm, and height greater than or equal to 1m. For the evaluation of the structure the conventional phytosociological parameters were analyzed, beyond indices of Diversity, Equitability and Environmental Impact of Exotics (IEIE). In the Ambience, I Cryptostegia madagascariensis was responsible for 82% of density, while in the Ambiences II and III, the density of the species was severally reduced (14.2% and 9.6%, respectively). The diversity, according to the Shannon-Weiner index, was low for the Ambience I (0.85) and higher for the Ambiences II and III (2.67 e 2.50, respectively). Results demonstrate that Cryptostegia madagascariensis affects severely the diversity and the structure of invaded communities, causing loss in the autochthonal biodiversity of caatinga.

Keywords:
exotic species; biological invasion; semiarid

TABELA 1: Famílias e espécies botânicas amostradas nos ambientes estudados, município de Ibaretama, Ceará, Brasil.

Família/Espécie	Nome vulgar		Ambientes
		I	II	III
ANACARDIACEAE
Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão	Aroeira		X	X
Spondias mombin L.	Cajazeira			X
APOCYNACEAE
Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart.	Pereiro	X	X	X
Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Decne	Unha-do-cão	X	X	X
ARECACEAE
Copernicia prunifera (Mill.) H. E. Moore	Carnaúba	X	X	X
BORAGINACEAE
Auxemma oncocalyx (Allemao) Baill.	Pau-branco	X	X	X
BURSERACEAE
Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J.B. Gillet	Imburana			X
CACTACEAE
Cereus jamacaru DC.	Mandacaru	X	X	X
CAPPARACEAE
Crateva tapia var. glauca			X
COMBRETACEAE
Combretum leprosum Mart.	Mufumbo	X	X	X
EUPHORBIACEAE
Croton blanchetianus Baill.	Marmeleiro	X	X	X
Croton campestris A. St. Hil.	Velame	X	X	X
Croton sp.	Quebra-faca			X
Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill.	Pinhão-bravo	X	X	X
Indeterminado 2	Açoita-cavalo		X
FABACEAE - CAESALPINIOIDEAE
Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) Steud.	Mororó		X	X
Libidibia ferrea (Mart.) L.P. Queiroz	Pau-ferro		X
Parkinsonia aculeata L.	Turco	X
Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz	Catingueira	X	X	X
FABACEAE - FABOIDEAE
Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C. Sm.	Cumaru		X
Erythrina velutina Willd.	Mulungú	X	X	X
FABACEAE - MIMOSOIDEAE
Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan	Angico		X	X
Calliandra spinosa Ducke	Marizeira	X	X	X
Chloroleucon sp.	Arapiraca		X
Chloroleucon sp.	Saia-velha		X	X
Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.	Sabiá		X	X
Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild.) Poir.	Jurema-preta	X	X	X
Piptadenia sp.	Surucucu		X
Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke	Jurema-branca		X	X
Senegalia sp.	Calumbí			X
MALVACEAE
Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.	Mutamba		X	X
Pseudobombax marginatum (A. St. -Hil., Juss. & Cambess.) A. Robyns	Embiratanha		X	X
OLACACEAE
Ximenia americana (Aubl.) Engl.	Ameixa			X
POLYGONACEAE
Triplaris sp.	Cuaçú			X
RHAMNACEAE
Ziziphus joazeiro Mart.	Juazeiro		X	X
INDETERMINADA
Indeterminada 3	Pulga-de-leite		X	X
Indeterminada 4	João-mole		X	X

TABELA 2: Parâmetros estruturais das comunidades estudadas no município de Ibaretama, Ceará, Brasil. Sendo: Ambiente I - forte intensidade de invasão; Ambiente II - Área de transição entre os ambientes I e III (média intensidade); Ambiente III - baixa intensidade de invasão.

					Ambiente I
Nome Científico	N	AB	DA	DR	FA	FR	DoA	DoR	VC (%)	VI (%)
Cryptostegia madagascariensis	428	2,7618	1557	82.31	100	62.50	13.119	55.59	68.80	66.70
Copernicia prunifera	31	1,3404	99	5.96	17	10.63	6.367	26.98	16.12	14.29
Mimosa tenuiflora	32	0,2517	104	6,15	17	10,63	1,195	5,07	5,28	7,06
Erythrina velutina	3	0.3266	14	0.75	3	1.88	1.551	6.57	3.66	3.07
Parkinsonia aculeata	9	0.0440	42	2.25	7	4.38	0.209	0.89	1.57	2.50
Jatropha molíssima	8	0,0103	38	2	8	5,01	0,049	0,2	1,11	2,41
Calliandra spinosa	3	0,2106	14	0.75	3	1.88	1.000	4.24	2.49	2.29
Combretum leprosum	2	0,0041	9	0.50	1	0.63	0.020	0.08	0.29	0.40
Croton blanchetianus	1	0,0133	4	0.25	1	0.63	0.063	0.27	0.26	0.38
Poincianella pyramidalis	1	0,0023	4	0.25	1	0.63	0.011	0.05	0.15	0.31
Croton campestres	1	0,0015	4	0.25	1	0.63	0.007	0.03	0.14	0.30
Cereus jamacaru	1	0,0013	4	0.25	1	0.63	0.006	0.03	0.14	0.30
					Ambiente II
Croton blanchetianus	136	0,6362	2869	26.15	51	19.90	11.70	8.11	17.06	18.00
Cryptostegia madagascariensis	65	0,382	1563	12.50	32	12.66	7.027	4.87	9.52	10.57
Auxemma oncocalyx	15	1,0907	643	2.88	16	6.20	20.06	13.91	9.87	8.65
Mimosa caesalpiniifolia	29	0,4456	901	5.58	20	7.75	8.196	5.68	6.92	7.20
Copernicia prunifera	27	0,9812	349	5.19	11	4.39	18.05	12.51	7.84	6.69
Mimosa tenuiflora	38	0,3113	698	7.31	18	6.98	5.726	3.97	5.15	5.76
Erythrina velutina	7	0,9064	128	1.17	4	1.55	16.67	11.56	6.36	4.76
Poincianella pyramidalis	26	0,305	478	4.33	14	5.43	5.610	3.89	4.11	4.55
Aspidosperma pyrifolium	21	0,3911	386	3.50	12	4.65	7.194	4.99	4.24	4.38
Guazuma ulmifolia	16	0,4434	294	2.67	8	3.10	8.155	5.65	4.16	3.81
Combretum leprosum	22	0,2512	404	3.67	10	3.88	4.621	3.20	3.44	3.58
Jatropha molíssima	39	0,0712	496	4.50	10	3.88	1.309	0.91	2.70	3.09
Calliandra spinosa	5	0,5732	91	0.83	2	1.03	10.54	7.31	4.07	3.06
Cereus jamacaru	16	0,0884	294	2.67	10	3.88	1.625	1.13	1.90	2.56
Ziziphus joazeiro	5	0,2987	91	0.83	3	1.29	5.494	3.81	2.32	1.98
Indeterminada 3	16	0,0498	294	2.67	6	2.58	0.915	0.63	1.65	1.96
Piptadenia stipulacea	10	0,0316	183	1.67	4	1.81	0.581	0.40	1.03	1.29
Indeterminada 2	7	0,0354	128	1.17	3	1.29	0.651	0.45	0.81	0.97
Chloroleucon sp.	3	0,085	55	0.50	2	0.78	1.564	1.08	0.79	0.79
Pseudobombax marginatum	2	0,2327	36	0,34	1	0,52	4,279	2,97	1,65	1,27
Amburana cearensis	2	0,0387	36	0.33	1	0.52	0.712	0.49	0.41	0.45
Libidibia ferrea	2	0,0293	36	0.33	1	0.52	0.540	0.37	0.35	0.41
Indeterminada 4	2	0,0243	36	0.33	1	0.52	0.446	0.31	0.32	0.39
Crateva tapia	1	0,0491	18	0.17	0.6	0.26	0.903	0.63	0.40	0.35
Chloroleucon sp.	2	0,0075	36	0.33	1	0.52	0.139	0.10	0.21	0.32
Anadenanthera colubrina	2	0,002	36	0.33	1	0.52	0.036	0.03	0.18	0.29
Myracrodruon urundeuva	1	0,0117	18	0.17	0.6	0.26	0.215	0.15	0.16	0.19
Piptadenia sp.	1	0,0038	18	0.17	0.6	0.26	0.071	0.05	0.11	0.16
Croton campestres	1	0,003	18	0.17	0.6	0.26	0.056	0.04	0.10	0.15
Bauhinia cheilantha	1	0,003	18	0.17	0.6	0.26	0.056	0.04	0.10	0.15
					Ambiente III
Croton blanchetianus	174	0,7106	1197	33.46	63	23.31	4.891	8.30	20.88	21.69
Copernicia prunifera	31	1,8873	213	5.96	19	7.02	12.99	22.06	14.01	11.68
Poincianella pyramidalis	47	0,6755	323	9.04	30	11.24	4.649	7.89	8.47	9.39
Auxemma oncocalyx	23	1,4995	158	4.42	16	5.90	10.32	17.52	10.97	9.28
Mimosa tenuiflora	45	0,8408	309	8.65	23	8.71	5.787	9.83	9.24	9.06
Cryptostegia madagascariensis	50	0,165	344	9.62	27	10.11	1.136	1.93	5.77	7.22
Jatropha molíssima	32	0,1793	220	6.15	16	6.18	1.234	2.09	4.12	4.81
Guazuma ulmifolia	10	0,7781	68	1.92	7	2.81	5.356	9.09	5.51	4.61
Combretum leprosum	14	0,1122	96	2.69	10	3.93	0.772	1.31	2.00	2.65
Erythrina velutina	4	0,5047	27	0.77	3	1.12	3.474	5.90	3.33	2.60
Mimosa caesalpiniifolia	13	0,2165	89	2.50	5	1.97	1.491	2.53	2.52	2.33
Anadenanthera colubrina	8	0,2419	55	1.54	6	2.25	1.665	2.83	2.18	2.20
Cereus jamacaru	9	0,0507	61	1.73	6	2.53	0.349	0.59	1.16	1.62
Pseudobombax marginatum	5	0,2016	34	0.96	3	1.12	1.388	2.36	1.66	1.48
Senegalia sp.	10	0,0367	68	1.92	5	1.97	0.252	0.43	1.18	1.44
Piptadenia stipulacea	6	0,0355	41	1.15	3	1.40	0.244	0.41	0.78	0.99
Chloroleucon sp.2	2	0,1317	13	0.38	1	0.56	0.907	1.54	0.96	0.83
Spondias mombin	2	0,1145	13	0.38	1	0.56	0.788	1.34	0.86	0.76
Ziziphus joazeiro	4	0,0146	27	0.77	3	1.12	0.101	0.17	0.47	0.69
Ximenia americana	5	0,0198	34	0.96	2	0.84	0.136	0.23	0.60	0.68
Indeterminada 3	4	0,0197	27	0.77	2	0.84	0.136	0.23	0.50	0.61
Croton campestris	3	0,0036	20	0.58	2	0.84	0.025	0.04	0.31	0.49
Commiphora leptophloeos	4	0,0224	27	0.77	0.7	0.28	0.154	0.26	0.52	0.44
Bauhinia cheilantha	3	0,0035	20	0.58	1.5	0.56	0.024	0.04	0.31	0.39
Triplaris sp.	1	0,0491	6	0.19	0.7	0.28	0.338	0.57	0.38	0.35
Aspidosperma pyrifolium	2	0,0022	13	0.38	1.5	0.56	0.015	0.03	0.21	0.32
Calliandra spinosa	2	0,002	13	0.38	1.5	0.56	0.014	0.02	0.20	0.32
Croton sp.	2	0,0164	13	0.38	0.7	0.28	0.113	0.19	0.29	0.29
Libidibia ferrea	1	0,0133	6	0.19	0.7	0.28	0.091	0.16	0.17	0.21
Myracrodruon urundeuva	1	0,0016	6	0.19	0.7	0.28	0.011	0.02	0.11	0.16
Indeterminada 4	1	0,0011	6	0.19	0.7	0.28	0.007	0.01	0.10	0.16
Total - I	520	4,968	1889	100	160	100	23.598	100	100	100
Total - II	520	7,8429	10651	100	258	100	144.25	100	100	100
Total - III	520	8,5569	3579	100	273	100	58.898	100	100	100

TABELA 3: Valores de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener (H’), de equabilidade de Pielou (J’) e do Índice de Impacto Ambiental de Exóticas (IIAE).

Índices	Ambientes
	I	II	III
H’	0,85	2,67	2,5
J’	0,32	0,76	0,72
IIAE	-0,33	0,78	0,84

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[TFN1] Em que: N - Números de Indivíduos; AB - Área Basal; DA - Densidade Absoluta; DR - Densidade Relativa; FA - Frequência Absoluta; FR - Frequência Relativa; DoA - Dominância Absoluta; DoR - Dominância Relativa; VC (%) - Valor de Cobertura; VI (%) - Valor de Importância.